儿童炎症性肠病53例临床分析

目的　探讨儿童炎症性肠病 (IBD)的临床特点 ,以提高儿童IBD的诊治和管理水平。方法　对 1992～2 0 0 2年 5 3例IBD患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　IBD的患病率逐渐增加 ,5 3例IBD中克罗恩病 (CD)2 6例 ,溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 2 7例。 2 7%的CD和 4 5 %的UC发病在 6岁以下 ,有 5例 (19% )UC发病在 1岁以内 ;男女性别无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;发病至确诊平均时间CD为 5 0周 ,UC为 4 8周。临床表现CD以发热、腹痛为主要表现 ,UC以腹泻、便血为主要表现 ;胃肠外表现CD可见口腔溃疡、关节炎等 ,UC可见肛周病变、口腔溃疡等 ,两组患儿生长发育障碍的发生率均较高 (CD 6 5 % ,UC 5 9% ,P >0 0 5 )。病理改变CD以破坏和慢性增殖改变并存为特点 ,病灶均累及回肠末端及回盲部 ;而UC以急性炎症和渗出为主 ,病灶均累及直肠。外科合并症的发生率CD为 15 4 % ,UC为 14 8% ;儿童IBD治疗效果不满意 ,短期缓解率CD为 5 9% ,UC为 5 6 %。结论　IBD可以累及包括婴幼儿在内的各年龄组儿童 ,诊断的滞后以及缺乏系统的管理是临床亟待解决的问题。     

儿童原发性免疫缺陷病与炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病(IBD)在儿童相对少见,其发生率在原发性免疫缺陷病(PID)患者显著增高.IBD易发生于PID中的免疫失调性疾病、吞噬细胞缺陷、自身炎症性疾病,在联合免疫缺陷病、伴典型表现的联合免疫缺陷综合征中也有报道.PID伴IBD患者发病年龄早,临床表现重,内镜下表现不典型,对传统治疗方案反应差.文章仅就PID合并IB...     

炎症性肠病24例

目的 总结儿童炎症性肠病(IBD)的临床特点和诊疗经验,提高儿童IBD的诊疗水平.方法 参照2001年中华医学会消化病学会制定的标准,2000年12月-2010年12月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院共确诊IBD患儿24例,通过调阅病例、随访获取资料,并对24例IBD患儿的临床、实验室检查、影像学、内窥镜、组织病理学检查,按照Sutherland指数和Harvey和Bradshow标准疾病活动性评分结果进行回顾性分析.结果 IBD 24例中溃疡性结肠炎(UC)组16例,克罗恩病(CD)组8例;男童略多于女童;IBD主要肠道表现有腹痛、腹泻、便血,主要肠外表现有发热、贫血、关节痛／炎、消瘦、生长发育迟缓;UC组与CD组临床表现差异无统计学意义,仅便血症状UC组占优势.病变侵犯部位:UC病变主要侵犯左半结肠(P =0.027);CD病变可侵犯全消化道任何部位,以回盲部及其周围肠管(P =0.002)和上消化道(P =0.028)受累最为多见.经过积极治疗IBD患儿疾病活动度显著下降,其中英夫利昔单抗对常规治疗无效的UC患儿可迅速控制临床症状.结论 儿童IBD的诊断需要对临床、实验室检查、影像学、内窥镜检查及组织病理学检查综合分析,尤其结肠镜和组织病理学检查.儿童IBD积极治疗仍可获得显著疗效.     

儿童炎症性肠病45例临床分析

目的 了解小儿炎症性肠病(IBD)的临床、X线、内窥镜及病理组织学特点，以提高对IBD诊断水平。方法 对45例IBD患儿按照1993年全国慢性非感染性肠道疾病学术研讨会制定的溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的诊断标准及WHO对克隆病(CD)推荐的6个诊断要点及采用Harvey和Bradshow标准进行临床、X线、内窥镜和病理组织学分析。结果 UC38例，克隆病(CD)7例。IBD以男童发病为多，腹痛、发热、消瘦、贫血在两组间无明显差异，而UC组多出现腹泻、便血；腹部包块及肠外表现在CD组更常见；上消化道病变分布仅在CD出现，UC以全结肠受累为主。结论 小儿IBD诊断需对临床、X线、内窥镜及病理组织学资料进行综合评价，特别是目前仍应以结肠镜及病理组织学检查为确诊依据。     

儿童炎症性肠病的诊断与鉴别诊断

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种病因尚不十分清楚的慢性肠道炎症性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎及克罗恩病.前者是一种慢性非特异性结肠炎症,病变主要累及结肠黏膜和黏膜下层;后者为一种慢性肉芽肿性炎症,病变以末段回肠及其邻近结肠为主,呈穿壁性炎症.临床主要表现为腹泻、腹痛和黏液脓血便、肛周病变等,二者均可合并不同程度的全身症状.IBD的诊断基于临床表现、结肠镜、胃镜、小肠放射学检查及对胃肠道各部位的多点活检,已取得完整的组织学评价,并注意排除慢性感染性肠道疾病.     

儿童炎症性肠病与口腔微生物的关系

口腔与胃肠道相连,口腔健康可能与胃肠道的整体健康密切相关。炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种病因不明,以慢性炎症为特征的肠道疾病,受宿主遗传、免疫调节、日常饮食和肠道微生物的影响。近年来,对IBD中微生物的研究表明,口腔微生物易位到肠道可能是克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的微生物失调特征之一。小鼠实验表明,口腔细菌和酵母菌易位到下消化道可能会引发易感宿主的炎症,这为IBD的发展提供了机制研究的基础。口腔微生物可能在IBD的发生发展中起重要作用。该文就口腔微生物与儿童IBD之间的关系研究进展作一综述。     

英夫利昔单抗治疗儿童炎症性肠病七例临床分析

目的探讨英夫利昔单抗对儿童炎症性肠病的治疗效果。方法对2010年1月至今本院收治的7例使用英夫利昔单抗治疗的儿童炎症性肠病临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果7例炎症性肠病息儿中克罗恩病5例,溃疡性结肠炎2例;男4例,女3例;发病年龄7—13岁（中位年龄11．4岁）。临床表现为腹痛、消瘦、体重下降7例（100％）,腹泻伴便血3例（42．8％）,发热4例（57．1％）,贫血5例（71．4％）,恶心呕吐4例（57．1％）,口腔溃疡4例（57．1％）,肛瘘2例（28．6％）;实验室检查WBC升高7例（100％）,CRP、红细胞沉降率升高5例（71．4％）;内镜结果表现为巨大溃疡3例（42．8％）,红肿伴浅糜烂、肠腔狭窄4例（57．1％）。病理均表现为黏膜慢性炎性7例。应用英夫利昔单抗初发病例5例（“降阶梯”）,继往诊断2例（“升阶梯”）,“降阶梯”5例患儿中1例复发,“升阶梯”2例患儿均有复发。无不良反应病例。结论英夫利昔单抗是有效治疗儿童炎症性肠病的药物,“降阶梯”方案优于“升阶梯”方案,随访至今（最长使用时间22周,最长随访时间3年4个月）,尚未发现不良反应。     

干细胞移植在炎症性肠病治疗中的应用

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种慢性炎症性疾病,主要包括克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC).CD又称局限性回肠炎、局限性肠炎、节段性肠炎和肉芽肿性肠炎,是一种原因不明的肠道炎症性疾病.CD与慢性非特异性UC统称为IBD.CD在整个胃肠道的任何部位均可发生,但好发于末端回肠和右半结肠.以腹痛、腹泻、肠梗阻为主要症状,且有发热、营养障碍等肠外表现.病程多迁延,常有反复,不易根治.UC主要是侵及结肠黏膜的慢性非特异性炎性疾病,常始自左半结肠,可向结肠近端乃至全结肠以连续方式逐渐进展.临床症状轻重不一,可有缓解与发作相交替,患者可仅有结肠症状,也可伴全身症状.在我国,IBD呈现不断上升的趋势,且现有药物治疗手段仅能控制活动性炎症和调节免疫紊乱,对危重病例的疗效有限,无法缩短IBD的自然病程,且带来许多不良反应.近年来,干细胞疗法在治疗IBD方面可能是非常有价值的,并且效果突出和显著,在将来IBD的治疗中具有良好的应用前景.     

儿童炎症性肠病与小肠细菌过度生长北大核心CSCD

小肠细菌过度生长是指多种因素引起小肠内细菌数量增多,从而产生腹胀、腹痛、腹泻等非特异性症状的一组临床综合征,是小肠菌群紊乱的一种表现。已有研究表明,它与多种儿童胃肠道疾病相关。通过呼气试验这一简便、易行的诊断方式来检测炎症性肠病患儿的小肠细菌过度生长,从而避免因误认为疾病复发而未正确使用药物治疗导致的不良反应。目前对于儿童炎症性肠病中小肠细菌过度生长的认识不足,该文从小肠细菌过度生长的发病机制、诊断方法、临床意义及其与炎症性肠病的关系等方面进行综述。     

新生儿炎症性肠病的临床特征及基因诊断研究

目的 分析2例新生儿期起病的炎症性肠病临床特点及基因诊断结果,以提高对该病的认识和临床诊疗水平.方法 2018年至2019年,解放军总医院第七医学中心八一儿童医院共收治2例新生儿期起病的炎症性肠病患儿.对2例诊断为新生儿炎症性肠病的患儿行结肠镜检查,并行病理活检,采用直接测序法对患儿进行白细胞介素-10受体A(inte...     

Serum Antibodies to Cow's Milk Proteins in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

ABSTRACT. Serum antibodies to five cow's milk proteins (α-casein, bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobu-lin A and B, and α-lactalbumin) were investigated in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease (56 Crohn's disease, 24 ulcerative colitis). IgG antibodies against bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin A and β-lactoglobulin B were higher in Crohn's disease patients than in those with ulcerative colitis or the controls. IgG anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies were higher in those Crohn's disease patients who had higher scores of disease activity. Finally, IgA antibodies to α-casein were higher in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis when compared to controls. These findings may be due to increased uptake of dietary antigens or enhanced immunological response occurring in Crohn's disease patients.     

Serum Antibodies to Cow's Milk Proteins in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn's Disease vs. Ulcerative Colitis

ABSTRACT. Serum antibodies to five cow's milk proteins, α-casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lac-toglobulin A and B (BLG-a, BLG-b) and α-lactalbumin (ALA) were investigated in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 56 with Crohn's disease (CD), 24 with ulcerative colitis (UC). IgG antibodies against BSA and BLG-a and -b were higher in Crohn's disease patients as compared to those with ulcerative colitis and controls. The IgG anti-BSA were higher in the group of CD patients with higher score of disease activity. Additionally, IgA antibodies to a-casein were higher in CD and UC compared to control. These findings may be due to increased uptake of dietary antigens or enhanced immunological response occurring in CD patients.     

Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents: a Somatic and Psychiatric Investigation

ABSTRACT. Twenty consecutive patients between 9 and 18 years of age with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD)] were assessed for the presence of psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder using the DSM-111-R criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 3rd ed., revised), was 60% in the IBD group compared to 15% in a matched control group ( p =0.009). The psychiatric disturbances were mainly depressive or anxiety disorders. The IBD children also scored significantly higher ( p =0.0028) on the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) which was completed by the mothers. This indicates more behavioural problems in the IBD group than in the control group. The present study suggests that children and adolescents with IBD comprise a population at high risk for developing a psychiatric disorder that may not be overt but nevertheless plays an important interactive role in the course of the disease.     

Clinical Disease Activity and Inflammatory Activity in the Rectum in Relation to Mucosal Inflammation Assessed by Colonoscopy A Study of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease

ABSTRACT. The relationship between clinical disease activity, rectal inflammatory activity and mucosal inflammation established at total colonoscopy has been studied in 36 young patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 24 with Crohn's colitis (CC). Semiformed stools, diarrhea and frequent bowel movements seem to be better indicators of extensive mucosal inflammation of a moderate or severe degree than blood in faeces. There were, however, several patients with a discrepancy between the degree of clinical disease activity and the extent and degree of mucosal inflammation at endoscopic and histologic assessment. In about one-third of the patients with UC and in about half of the patients with CC, who had mucosal inflammatory activity of a moderate or severe degree, the rectal inflammatory activity was of a lower degree. Total colonoscopy seems to be necessary in order to establish the extent and degree of mucosal inflammation.     

Inflammatory bowel disease

Twenty five per cent of inflammatory bowel disease presents in childhood. Growth and nutrition are key issues in the management with the aim of treatment being to induce and then maintain disease remission with minimal side effects. Only 25% of Crohn's disease presents with the classic triad of abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhoea. Most children with ulcerative colitis have blood in the stool at presentation. Inflammatory markers are usually although not invariably raised at presentation (particularly in Crohn's disease). Full investigation includes upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and ileocolonoscopy. Treatment requires multidisciplinary input as part of a clinical network led by a paediatrician with special expertise in the management of the condition.     

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, of which Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the most common diagnoses. About a quarter of IBD presents in childhood, and the phenotype seen involves a wider disease distribution in both Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis than seen in adult-onset disease. The incidence of IBD appears to be rising and although we understand more about the genetic, immunological and environmental contributors to aetiology, we do not yet fully understand this rise. In paediatric practice, IBD and in particular Crohn’s disease, often results in impaired weight gain, poor linear growth and delayed puberty. Multiple treatment modalities exist for IBD from longstanding treatments such as steroids and immunosuppressants to modern, targeted therapies such as infliximab. This review discusses the current state of the art of clinical practice in relation to paediatric IBD.