深低温处理同种异体肌腱移植的生物力学性能实验研究

目的：探讨经深低温冷冻处理（-80℃）、未经处理同种异体肌腱和自体肌腱移植后的生物力学性能改变。方法：采用兔跟腱缺损修复模型,分为深低温冷冻处理同种异体肌腱移植组（深低温异体组）、未经处理同种异体肌腱移植组（未处理异体组）和自体肌腱移植组（自体组）。分别在移植前及移植后第3、6周时对三组跟腱进行生物力学性能测试。结果：深低温异体组移植后第3、第6周时其生物力学性能测试的各项指标均优于未处理异体组（P〈0.05）,而与自体组无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：深低温冷冻处理同种异体肌腱移植在生物力学方面的表现与自体肌腱移植结果基本相同,可替代自体肌腱应用于移植修复肌腱缺损。     

深低温处理同种异体肌腱移植组织形态学变化实验研究

目的探讨经深低温冷冻处理(-80℃)、未经处理同种异体肌腱和自体肌腱移植后组织形态学的变化。方法采用兔跟腱缺损修复模型,分为深低温冷冻同种异体肌腱移植组(深低温异体组)、未经处理同种异体肌腱移植组(未处理异体组)和自体肌腱移植组(自体组)。在移植后3周对肌腱进行组织形态学观察。结果光镜、电镜下未处理异体组肌腱腱束变性、坏死,而深低温异体组与自体组则无明显差别。结论深低温冷冻同种异体肌腱移植在形态学方面的表现与自体肌腱移植结果基本相同。     

深低温处理同种异体肌腱移植的生物力学性能实验研究

目的:探讨经深低温冷冻处理(-80℃)、未经处理同种异体肌腱和自体肌腱移植后的生物力学性能改变。方法:采用兔跟腱缺损修复模型,分为深低温冷冻处理同种异体肌腱移植组(深低温异体组)、未经处理同种异体肌腱移植组(未处理异体组)和自体肌腱移植组(自体组)。分别在移植前及移植后第3、6周时对三组跟腱进行生物力学性能测试。结果:深低温异体组移植后第3、第6周时其生物力学性能测试的各项指标均优于未处理异体组(P<0.05),而与自体组无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:深低温冷冻处理同种异体肌腱移植在生物力学方面的表现与自体肌腱移植结果基本相同,可替代自体肌腱应用于移植修复肌腱缺损。     

兔同种异体肌腱移植的电镜观察

目的:观察分析同种异体肌腱(经深低温和普通低温处理)、自体肌腱、未经处理的同种异体肌腱移植后电镜下的微观变化特点,为同种异体肌腱移植提供理论依据。方法:新鲜自体肌腱和未经处理的同种异体肌腱切下后立即移植于相应受体,同种异体肌腱分别经普通低温(-26℃)、深低温冷冻(-80℃)处理10d后移植于相应受体,移植后3周,取移植腱段,透射电镜下观察。结果:深低温处理组:腱细胞增生活跃,数量多,细胞器发达,新生的细胶原原纤维较多,与自体肌腱移植组镜下观察结果比较接近;普通低温处理组:腱细胞数量少,细胞器功能不发达,仍能见到少量的新生的细胶原原纤维;未经处理的同种异体肌腱组:偶见腱细胞,未见到新生的细胶原原纤维,粗胶原原纤维排列紊乱、疏松。结论:经深低温冷冻处理的同种异体肌腱移植后与自体肌腱移植后的电镜观察结果接近,提示免疫排斥反应轻;普通低温处理的同种异体肌腱移植后电镜观察结果优于未经处理的同种异体肌腱移植,但又差于深低温冷冻处理的同种异体肌腱移植,提示仍存在明显的免疫排斥反应。     

深低温冷冻同种异体肌腱移植的生物力学研究

目的：探讨深低温冷冻同种异体肌腱替代自体肌腱的可行性及移植后异体肌腱的生物力学性能的动态变化。方法：采用兔跟腱缺损修复模型,以经深低温冷冻的同种异体跟腱为实验组,自体跟腱移植为对照组,分别在术前及术后２、４、８周时对实验组及对照组跟腱进行生物力学测试。结果：同种异体跟腱与自体跟腱在移植前和移植后２、４、８周时其生物力学测试的各项指标均无显著性差异。另外,同种异体跟腱在移植后其力学性能（除衰竭应变外     

同种异体肌腱的抗拉性能

目的:研究几种肌腱移植材料的抗拉性能。 方法:采用深低温冷冻、深低温冷冻干燥、未经处理自体移植、未经处理异体肌腱移植,3周后分别进行抗拉性能测试。 结果:经深低温冷冻、深低温冷冻干燥同种异体肌腱移植的抗拉性能明显优于未经处理的同种异体肌腱（P<0.05）,而与自体肌腱差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论:深低温冷冻干燥或不干燥同种异体肌腱的抗拉性能与自体肌腱基本相同,可应用于临床。     

同种异体肌腱移植的实验研究

采用淋巴细胞毒试验、淋巴细胞转化试验及吞噬细胞功能实验等多项细胞免疫学指标测定 ,以及组织形态学观察与生物力学测定 ,比较深低温冷冻与深低温冷冻干燥两种不同处理方式对同种异体肌腱移植的差异 ,并综合评价各种移植的效果。结果显示 :①深低温冷冻移植组及深低温冷冻干燥移植组的淋巴细胞死亡率、转化率及吞噬细胞吞噬率均低于未经处理的同种异体移植组 (P <0 .0 5) ,而与自体肌腱移植组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ;②深低温冷冻移植组、深低温冷冻干燥移植组及自体肌腱移植组肌腱无明显坏死 ,但腱周出现轻度粘连和结合部膨大 ,未经处理的同种异体肌腱移植组肌腱变性坏死 ;③光镜、电镜下未经处理的异体肌腱移植组肌腱腱束变性坏死 ,而深低温冷冻移植组与冷冻干燥移植组则无明显差别。上述结果表明 ,深低温冷冻干燥或冷冻但未经干燥的同种异体肌腱在免疫学、生物力学、形态学方面的表现与自体肌腱移植结果基本相同 ,而未经处理的异体肌腱因免疫排斥反应大 ,移植后易变性坏死     

同种异体肌腱移植的实验研究

采用淋巴细胞毒试验,淋巴细胞转化试验及吞噬细胞功能实验等多项细胞免疫学指标测定,以及组织形态学观察与生物力学测定,比较深低温冷冻与深低温冷冻干燥两种不同处理方式对同种异体肌腱移植的差异,并综合评价各种移植的效果。结果显示：（１）深低温冷冻移植组及深低温冷冻干燥移植组的淋巴细胞死亡率、转人弦及吞噬细胞吞噬率均低于未经处理的同种异体移植组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而与自体肌腱移植组差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５）     

超深低温冷冻与碳化二亚胺交联的同种异体肌腱修复兔跟腱损伤的实验研究

目的：寻找一种新的方法对同种异体肌腱进行进一步的预处理来改善其修复效果,为临床应用提供实验基础和理论依据。方法采用超深低温冷冻法获得兔同种异体肌腱,应用碳化二亚胺对其进行交联并肝素化,检测其组织相容性;将交联组和未交联组肌腱对兔跟腱损伤进行修复,观察并对比不同时间段两组的腱骨愈合情况。结果1、4周EDC交联组炎症反应分级（Ⅰ~Ⅱ）均较未交联组（Ⅲ~Ⅳ）轻,差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.020、0.030);移植实验可见交联并肝素化的肌腱在修复跟腱损伤中的愈合能力比未交联的肌腱强,Sharpey’s纤维出现早,缩短了腱骨愈合时间。结论经超深低温冷冻和EDC交联共同处理肌腱,增强其稳定性,降低了同种异体肌腱的免疫原性,促进肌腱与骨的愈合。     

冷冻保存对同种异体移植物免疫原性的影响

同种异体移植物的免疫原性强弱是关系到移植效果的重要因素之一。自从1965年Smith成功地冷冻保存了游离的软骨细胞以及1972年Wilmut等成功地将胚胎长时间冷冻保存以来；一些学者致力于通过冷冻处理改变异体组织的免疫原性，减轻或延缓移植后排斥反应的发生，从而提高移植效果。冷冻又包括低温（高于-80℃）、深低温（-80℃）、超深低温（-196℃）以及反复冻融等方法。现将冷冻对同种异体移植物免疫原性的影响综述如下。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.