经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石治疗复杂肾结石

目的：评价经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的方法及疗效。方法：采用瑞士EMS第三代气压弹道联合超声碎石机治疗45例、52侧复杂肾结石患者，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：所有患者均I期建立皮肾通道。42例49侧肾脏行Ⅰ期碎石，3例3侧肾脏行Ⅱ期碎石。平均手术时间82min，结石处理时间20-75min。均未出现气胸、肠道损伤等并发症。术后复查KUB平片，42侧肾脏Ⅰ期结石清除干净，清除率80．8％；10侧肾脏有结石残留。行二次肾镜取石，或辅助体外冲击波碎石治疗。结论：经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术处理大的、复杂肾结石是高效、安全的。其能明显提高结石的清除率，具有对患者创伤小、恢复快、缩短住院时间等优点，并在对残留结石的再次治疗方面有较大的优越性。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗肾结石286例分析

目的探讨经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗肾结石的临床疗效。方法自2005年9月～2007年8月采用经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗286例309侧肾结石患者，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果278例患者成功建立F20．8-F24皮肾通道并Ⅰ期碎石，6例患者行Ⅱ期碎石，2例因出血改开放手术。平均手术时间73min，平均结石处理时间为41min。本组未出现气胸、肠道损伤等手术并发症。术后复查KUB平片，257侧肾脏结石清除干净，净石率为83．2％；52侧肾脏有结石残留，行二次肾镜取石或辅助体外冲击波碎石治疗。结论经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术处理肾结石具有高效、安全的特点，值得临床推广应用。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术的安全性及疗效分析

目的 评价经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗肾结石的临床疗效及安全性。方法 自2003年9月至2005年8月,采用经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗486例509侧肾结石患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 478例患者成功建立20．8-24F皮肾通道并Ⅰ期碎石,6例患者Ⅱ期碎石,2例因出血改开放手术。平均手术时间73min,平均结石处理时间为41min。本组未出现气胸、肠道损伤等手术并发症。术后复查KUB平片,438侧肾脏结石清除干净,净石率86．1％;71侧肾脏有结石残留,行二次肾镜取石,或辅助体外冲击波碎石治疗。结论 经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术处理肾结石具有高效、安全的特点,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗肾结石的效果观察

目的探讨B超引导建立穿刺通道经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术（PCNL）治疗肾结石的疗效。方法自2005年6月-2006年12月治疗172例197侧肾结石患者,B超引导下建立经皮肾穿刺通道,行经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术。结果172例患者197侧患肾均一期成功建立经皮肾通道,其中9例患者同侧患肾Ⅰ期建立2个经皮肾通道,3例建立经皮肾通道过程中出血留置肾造瘘管后改Ⅱ期手术。172例197侧患者1次取净结石141例,结石清除率81.98%。17例结石残留者1周后再次行PCNL碎石清石术,6例患者有直径小于1cm结石残留,术后辅助施行体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）治疗,8例结石残留患者不愿再次行PCNL碎石术出院定期复查。所有病例均随访1-18个月,无严重手术并发症。结论B超引导建立穿刺通道行经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗肾结石具有高效、安全的特点,结石清除率高,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石治疗复杂性肾结石

目的探讨超声定位引导下经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的安全性及其疗效。方法回顾分析经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石取石术治疗复杂性肾结石289例共312侧的临床资料。结果经皮肾镜碎石一期手术276侧,平均手术时间76 min,平均出血75 ml,结合体外冲击波碎石,一期单侧结石清除率88.5%,36侧行二期手术。结肠损伤1例,术后大出血13例,需肾动脉栓塞止血3例,发热63例,严重感染3例,术后平均住院8d。无肾切除、中转开放及肾功能不全。结论超声定位引导下经皮肾镜气压弹道超声联合碎石术是治疗复杂性肾结石的最佳选择,具有损伤小,康复快,住院时间短,结石清除率高等优点。     

超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石治疗复杂肾结石的临床疗效分析

目的:分析研究复杂肾结石采用超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石治疗临床疗效。方法:随机从新乡市第一人民医院收治的复杂肾结石患者中选取43例,采用超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石方法治疗,分析结石清除情况以及并发症发生情况。结果:43例(43侧)患者平均手术时间为80 min,平均碎石、取石时间为45 min,43例侧结石,Ⅰ期取石率为88.4%,Ⅱ期取石率为11.6%,结石总取净率为83.7%(36/43)。出现6例并发症,给予对症治疗后改善;2例肾盏内有残留结石,给予体外碎石,顺利排出结石。结论:复杂肾结石患者采用超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石治疗,可有效清除结石,疗效显著。     

超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石治疗马蹄肾结石的效果

目的:评价超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗马蹄肾结石的效果。方法:46例马蹄肾结石患者行经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗,对其手术和住院时间,术中和术后并发症以及结石清除情况等进行分析。结果:46例患者Ⅰ期均成功建立经皮肾通道。平均住院5.0～17.0(6.9±1.8)d,手术时间为46～121(75±24)min,结石处理时间为31～68(49±17)min,失血量为28～92(60±31)mL,患者围手术期无输血;Ⅰ期结石清除率为82.6%(38/46),Ⅰ+Ⅱ期结石清除率为91.3%(42/46),2例术后辅助体外冲击波碎石,总结石清除率为95.7%(44/46)。未出现与碎石相关的并发症。结论:超声引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗马蹄肾结石疗效好。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石73例

目的 评价经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术处理复杂性肾结石的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2008年9月至2009年8月采用经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗的73例复杂性肾结石患者的临床资料.结果 73例患者均成功建立经皮肾通道,采用单通道碎石53例,双通道碎石17例,三通道碎石3例.1期碎石69例,2期碎石4例.手术时间30～175 min,平均87.5 min,结石清除率86.3% (63 /73).术后较大出血者2例,无肾切除、腹腔脏器损伤、血气胸、感染性休克等严重并发症.结论 经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石术处理复杂的肾结石,具有速度快、并发症少、结石清除率高的优点.     

经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的:探讨经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的安全性和临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2004年9月至2007年8月期间经皮肾通道行气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗156例复杂肾结石。患侧输尿管于膀胱镜下逆行留置5F输尿管导管,推注生理盐水以充盈肾盂。X射线透视或B超引导下穿刺目标肾盏,建立皮肾通道,肾镜下采用气压弹道联合超声碎石术。对手术时间、手术并发症、结石清除率等临床资料进行分析。结果:156例患者均一期成功建立皮肾通路,其中148例行一期碎石,8例行二期碎石。手术时间50min～110min,平均(82±9)min,3例患者术中输血400ml～600ml,无气胸、尿瘘、腹腔脏器损伤等严重并发症发生。术后1周后复查,135例患者排净结石,结石清除率86.53%(135/156),21例有结石残余。结论:经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗复杂肾结石安全、方便、疗效肯定。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石清石系统治疗肾结石40例临床分析

目的：探讨经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石清石系统治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法：总结我院2005年1月-2007年12月,在B超定位下,经皮肾镜运用气压弹道联合超声碎石清石系统治疗复杂性肾结石40例患者50侧肾。结果：41侧肾一期碎石清石成功,6侧肾行二期碎石清石,结石总清除率80．2％,平均手术时间84min,平均住院时间11．7d,无严重手术并发症。结论：经皮肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石清石系统治疗复杂性肾结石具有微创、高效、安全的特点,值得临床推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.