巨噬细胞移动抑制因子在急性坏死性胰腺炎发病中的作用

目的 探讨巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)在实验性急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)发病机制中的作用以及抗炎细胞因子白介素-10(IL-10)对其的影响和意义.方法 92只大鼠随机分为对照组、ANP组和IL-10治疗组.腹腔注射左旋-精氨酸制作ANP模型.治疗组于末次精氨酸注射后第2、5、8 h腹腔内注射IL-10 10 000U.各组再分4 h、12 h、24 h和36 h点.检测血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)水平以及胰腺和肺组织的MIF表达.结果 ANP组MIF在造模后4 h已升至高值,并持续维持在较高水平,波动于(117.82 ± 15.73)μg/L至(120.97 ± 11.24)μg/L,显著高于对照组的血清MIF浓度(P ＜0.01或P ＜0.05);治疗组各时点血清MIF浓度低于ANP组(P ＜0.05).对照组大鼠胰腺组织的外分泌部、肺组织的支气管上皮细胞及肺泡细胞有MIF弱表达,ANP组和治疗组胰腺及肺组织MIF阳性细胞数增加、染色明显增强.结论 (1)MIF水平在ANP早期明显升高,ANP时肺及胰腺组织中MIF表达增强,提示MIF参与了大鼠ANP及肺损伤的发病;(2)抗炎细胞因子IL-10对血清及胰腺和肺组织的MIF水平有抑制作用,IL-10可能减轻实验性ANP的胰腺及肺的损害,对胰腺及肺组织有一定保护作用.     

急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠巨噬细胞移动抑制因子与NF-κB的变化

目的 通过建立大鼠ANP模型,观察血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)与胰腺组织NF-κB的变化,探讨ANP的发病机制.方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(24只)和ANP组(36只).应用腹腔注射左旋精氨酸(L-Arginine)的方法诱导ANP模型,对照组注射等量生理盐水.于制模后4h、12 h、24 h、36 h分别处死大鼠,观察各组血清MIF浓度、胰腺组织病理改变及NF-κB的变化.结果 ANP组血清MIF浓度、胰腺组织病理分值、NF-κB含量在各时点都明显升高,与对照组比较均有显著差异(P＜0.01).胰腺病理分值、MIF、NF-κB的变化呈正相关.结论 MIF、NF-κB都与ANP胰腺病理损伤有关,MIF可能通过激活NF-κB途径加重胰腺损伤.     

褪黑素对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎的干预作用及机制

目的: 观察褪黑素前干预对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠的胰腺和肺组织的保护作用与硫氧还蛋白-1(Trx-1)表达的关系.方法: 72只♂SD大鼠随机分成ANP模型组(A组)、褪黑素前干预组(M组)、对照组(C组). A组的大鼠腹腔注射6%左旋精氨酸(25 mL/kg体质量), 每次间隔1 h, 共3次, 诱发ANP, 且在诱发ANP前、后0.5 h腹腔注射生理盐水(20mL/kg体质量)各1次;M组的大鼠诱发ANP的方法同A组, 但在诱发ANP前0.5 h腹腔注射0.25%褪黑素(20 mL/kg体质量)1次, 替代生理盐水;C组的大鼠腹腔注射相当于A组各次注射用量的等容积生理盐水. 每组术后6 h、12 h及24 h时点分批处置大鼠. 抽血测定Trx-1、白介素-6(IL-6)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量;取胰腺和肺组织做病理学检查.结果: 大鼠胰腺组织的病理变化和病理学评分证实左旋精氨酸导致A组的ANP. 与A组比较, M组胰腺和肺组织的病理损伤显著减轻. 与C组比较, A组的大鼠血清的Tr x-1的量在6 h、12 h时点显著降低, 24 h时点显著升高, 呈现出先降低后升高的趋势;与A组比较,M组的大鼠血清的Trx-1的量在6 h、12 h时点显著增高, 他们表达的峰值前移. 与C组比较,A组的大鼠血清的IL-6、MDA水平显著增高,血清的T-SOD活力、GSH的含量显著降低;与A组比较, M组的大鼠血清的IL-6、MDA水平显著降低, 血清的T-SOD活力、GSH的含量显著增高.结论: ANP可诱导Trx-1的表达;而褪黑素前干预可进一步促进Trx-1的表达, 提高T-SOD活力和GSH水平, 降低IL-6、MDA水平, 故能显著减轻大鼠胰腺和肺组织的病理损伤, 发挥其对胰腺和肺组织的保护作用.     

急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠巨噬细胞移动抑制因子与NF-κB的变化

目的通过建立大鼠ANP模型,观察血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）与胰腺组织NF-κB的变化,探讨ANP的发病机制。方法60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组（24只）和ANP组（36只）。应用腹腔注射左旋精氨酸（L-Arginine）的方法诱导ANP模型,对照组注射等量生理盐水。于制模后4h、12h、24h、36h分别处死大鼠,观察各组血清MIF浓度、胰腺组织病理改变及NF-κB的变化。结果ANP组血清MIF浓度、胰腺组织病理分值、NF-κB含量在各时点都明显升高,与对照组比较均有显著差异（P〈0.01）。胰腺病理分值、MIF、NF-κB的变化呈正相关。结论MIF、NF-κB都与ANP胰腺病理损伤有关,MIF可能通过激活NF-κB途径加重胰腺损伤。     

IL-10对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠NF-кB及IL-12水平的影响

目的 观察白介素10(IL-10)对ANP大鼠NF-кB和IL-12表达的影响,探讨IL-10的作用机制.方法 将92只SD大鼠按随机分组法分为对照组、ANP组和IL-10干预组.采用3次腹腔注射左旋精氨酸(1.0 mg/g体重)的方法制备ANP模型.对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水.IL-10组在制模后2、5、8 h分别于腹腔内注射IL-10 10 000U.制模后4、12、24、36 h分批处死动物,观察血清淀粉酶、IL-12及胰腺组织NF-кB水平的变化.结果 制模后24 h点IL-10组胰腺病理分值为4.75±1.75,胰腺NF-кB含量为(112.89±34.48)μg/ml,血清淀粉酶含量为(1 481.13±336.48)U/L,血清IL-12水平为(81.31±17.23)pg/ml,均明显低于同时点ANP组大鼠(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).NF-кB和IL-12呈正相关(r=0.494,P＜0.01),两者与胰腺病理分值也呈正相关(r=0.447和r=0.603,P＜0.01).结论 IL-10对ANP有一定的治疗作用,其机能可能通过抑制NF-кB途径而抑制ANP的炎症反应.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎肺损伤MIF和AQP-5表达的影响

目的:探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎(acute necrotic pancreatitis,ANP)并发急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)和肺泡灌洗液水通道蛋白-5(aquaporin-5,AQP-5)表达的影响.方法:采用经胰胆管内逆行注射4%牛磺胆酸钠构建大鼠ANP并发ALI模型,100只SD大鼠以是否接受盐酸戊乙奎醚(penehyclidine hydrochloride,PHCD)腹腔注射干预治疗随机分为治疗组和非治疗组,每组再以6h、12h、24h、36h、48h五个取材时间点继续随机分组,共10组,每组10只动物.采用ELISA法测定血清中MIF的浓度和肺泡灌洗液中AQP-5的浓度,同时进行胰腺和肺组织病理形态学观察,肺组织湿/干重比检测,动脉血气分析.结果:相同时间点PHCD治疗组与非治疗组比较显示,血清MIF浓度降低(χ2=20.52,P=0.042),肺泡灌洗液AQ P-5浓度增高(χ2=17.22,P=0.044),胰腺和肺组织病理学损伤减轻,肺组...     

厚朴酚对大鼠坏死性胰腺炎肺损伤的保护作用

目的:观察厚朴酚(magnolol,Mag)对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)肺组织中核因子-kB(NF-kB)、白介素-10(IL-10)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-a)表达的影响,以探讨厚朴酚对ANP急性肺损伤的保护作用.方法:以50g/L牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管注射制备大鼠ANP模型,SD大鼠56只随机分为假手术(SO)组,ANP模型组,及Mag治疗组.以荧光定量PCR检测不同时间(6,12,24h)肺组织中NF-kB、TNF-a和IL-10的基因表达,同时检测各组血清淀粉酶(Amy)的水平,并观察胰腺和肺的组织病理学改变.结果:与SO组相比,ANP组肺组织中的NF-kB,TNF-a,IL-10mRNA表达量及血清Amy显著增加(P<0.01),其中NF-kB,TNF-amRNA及Amy以12h的升高最明显(P<0.01),IL-10mRNA随ANP时间的进展表达逐渐增加(6,12,24h分别为0.20±0.05,0.27±0.07,0.45±0.20).与ANP各组比较,Mag各组NF-kBmRNA,TNF-amRNA及Amy表达量下降,也以12h下降最显著(分别为1.30±0.14vs1.84±0.56,0.41±0.19vs0.72±0.36,P<0.05;104576±24886nkat/Lvs188621±23747nkat/L,P<0.01),IL-10mRNA的改变无统计学意义(P>0.05).Mag治疗组肺组织学改变较ANP组明显减轻,胰腺组织学损害无明显改善.结论:NF-kB和TNF-a是ANP发生急性肺损伤的重要炎症因子,Mag能抑制其在ANP大鼠肺组织中的表达,对ANP合并急性肺损伤有一定的治疗作用.     

抗氧化剂对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠一氧化氮、丙二醛的影响

目的　探讨抗氧化剂N_乙酰半胱氨酸 (NAC)对急性坏死性胰腺炎 (ANP)大鼠胰腺组织一氧化氮 (NO)及丙二醛(MDA)的影响。方法　雄性SD大鼠 114只 ,随机分成正常对照组 (C组 ,n =3 0 )、急性胰腺炎组 (A组 ,n =42 )和NAC干预组 (N组 ,n= 42 )。A组分 2次腹腔内注射 8%L_精氨酸 (L_Arg) 1 2mg/g诱导ANP ;C组同法腹腔内注射等量生理盐水 ;N组先提前 1小时 (h)腹腔内注射 0 5mol/L的NAC 0 0 5mg/g ,然后同A组方法诱导ANP。在首次注射L_Arg后于 6h、12h、2 4h、3 6h、48h、72h分批处死大鼠 ,观察大鼠胰腺组织NO和MDA水平及胰腺病理变化。结果　N组各时点NO和MDA水平均较A组明显降低 (均P <0 0 1或P<0 0 5) ,N组 12h、2 4h、3 6h、48h、72h的胰腺病理改变较A组的明显减轻 (均P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5)。结论　NAC可降低胰腺组织NO、MAD水平 ,减轻了实验性ANP大鼠的胰腺损害 ,对胰腺组织有保护作用     

IL-10对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠NF—κB及IL-12水平的影响

目的观察白介素10（IL-10）对ANP大鼠NF—κB和IL-12表达的影响，探讨IL-10的作用机制。方法将92只SD大鼠按随机分组法分为对照组、ANP组和IL-10干预组。采用3次腹腔注射左旋精氨酸（1．0mg／g体重）的方法制备ANP模型。对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。IL-10组在制模后2、5、8h分别于腹腔内注射IL-10 10 000U。制模后4、12、24、36h分批处死动物，观察血清淀粉酶、IL-12及胰腺组织NF—κB水平的变化。结果制模后24h点IL-10组胰腺病理分值为4．75±1．75，胰腺NF—κB含量为（112．89±34．48）μg/ml，血清淀粉酶含量为（1481．13±336．48）U／L，血清IL-12水平为（81．31±17．23）pg／ml，均明显低于同时点ANP组大鼠（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。NF—κB和IL-12呈正相关（r=0．494，P〈0．01），两者与胰腺病理分值也呈正相关（r=0．447和r=0．603，P〈0．01）。结论IL-10对ANP有一定的治疗作用，其机能可能通过抑制NF—κB途径而抑制ANP的炎症反应。     

L-精氨酸诱导小鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎肠屏障损伤的实验研究

背景:研究表明,肠屏障功能障碍与急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)的发生、发展密切相关。目的:探讨L-精氨酸诱导的ANP小鼠肠屏障损伤及其加重ANP的机制。方法:将30只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为假手术组(SO组)和ANP组。ANP组小鼠给予腹腔注射8%L-精氨酸(4.5 g/kg)共两次,间隔为1 h; SO组则腹腔注射等体积0.9%NaCl溶液。造模24 h、48 h和72 h后处死小鼠,行HE染色评估胰腺和肠道病理学评分,检测血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶水平,以ELISA法评估炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)和肠道通透性(DAO、D-乳酸、LPS)水平,蛋白质印迹法检测胰腺组织和肠道组织TLR4、MyD88蛋白表达。结果:与SO组相比,ANP组相应时间点胰腺组织和回肠组织病理学评分显著增高(P0.05),血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶、炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α)、肠道通透性指标(DAO、D-乳酸、LPS)水平均显著增高(P0.05),胰腺组织和回肠组织TLR4、MyD88蛋白表达显著增高(P0.05)。结论:L-精氨酸诱导的ANP小鼠肠道通透性增加,LPS释放增多,可能通过激活TLR4-My D88信号通路促进肠道、全身炎症反应,进而加重ANP。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.