哮喘患儿父母健康教育效果观察

哮喘是儿科最常见的慢性疾病,近几年虽然防治哮喘的药物越来越多,但患病率和病死率并没有显著下降〔1〕,病情迁延反复,给患儿造成极大的危害。我们通过开展患儿父母健康教育,使患儿父母了解疾病知识,对患儿的治疗和康复起了重要作用,取得明显效果,现报告如下。1对象和方法1·1对象2004年1月~2005年1月来我院治疗的哮喘患儿父母,按接诊时间顺序随机分为观察组和对照组,其中观察组32例,年龄25~48岁,平均年龄29岁,男13例,女19例,大专以上18例,中学以上10例,小学4例。对照组35例,年龄23~45岁,平均年龄27岁,其中男16例,女19例,大专以上20例,中学…     

癫癎患儿父母抑郁情绪及影响因素分析

目的 研究癫癎患儿父母抑郁流行情况及影响因素。方法 应用综合医院焦虑/抑郁情绪测定量表测量患儿父母的抑郁情绪。结果 对4~18岁癫癎患儿父母341人进行调查。癫癎患儿父母中约40.3%有不同程度抑郁,其中轻度抑郁占25.5%,中度抑郁占10.3%,重度抑郁占5.0%;父母抑郁与患儿居住地(城市/乡镇/农村)、患儿发作频率、家庭经济状况、父母文化程度、父母对癫癎知识的了解程度等呈显著相关(P<0.05)。结论 癫癎患儿父母抑郁情况比较严重,控制癫癎患儿临床发作并进行癫癎知识宣传教育,可有效减轻癫癎患儿父母的抑郁情绪。     

哮喘患儿父母心理状况调查

目的 了解哮喘患儿父母的心理健康状况. 方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),对38例哮喘患儿父母的心理状况进行调查. 结果 哮喘患儿父母躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、敌对、恐怖因子分明显高于对照组和全国常模(P＜0.01),患儿母亲躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子分与父亲有明显差异(P＜0.01). 结论 哮喘患儿父母的心理健康水平较正常人低,存在较多的心理问题,母亲尤为严重,临床医生在治疗哮喘患儿时应注意对栽其家长,尤其是母亲的心理疏导,加强患儿父母的健康教育,促进患儿的康复与健康成长.     

身材矮小儿童的自我意识及其与父母养育方式关系研究

目的 调查身材矮小儿童的自我意识及其父母养育方式,探讨其自我意识水平与正常儿童的差异,分析其父母养育方式与自我意识的关系。方法 用儿童自我意识量表及父母养育方式问卷对107例身材矮小儿童进行调查,用儿童自我意识量表对107例正常儿童进行调查。结果 身材矮小儿童在行为、躯体外貌、幸福与满足及自我意识总分得分上均低于正常儿童。父母亲的温暖和理解均与矮小儿童的自我意识各因子及总分呈正相关;父亲惩罚及严厉与其行为(r=-0.512)、躯体外貌(r=-0.178)和合群(r=-0.321)呈负相关;父亲偏爱与其合群(r=-0.212)呈负相关,而与幸福满足(r=0.226)呈正相关;父亲拒绝与否认与其行为(r=-0.235)和智力学校(r=-0.196)呈负相关;父亲的过度保护与其躯体外貌(r=0.263)和幸福满足(r=0.196)呈正相关。母亲的过度干涉、保护与其躯体外貌(r=0.179)和幸福满足(r=0.234)呈正相关;母亲拒绝与否认与其行为(r=-0.369)、躯体外貌(r=-0.206)和焦虑(r=-0.239)因子及总分(r=-0.214)呈负相关;母亲的惩罚及严厉与其行为(r=-0.412)、躯体外貌(r=-0.261)、幸福满足(r=-0.253)及总分(r=-0.287)呈负相关;母亲偏爱与其智力与学校(r=0.224)呈正相关,与其焦虑(r=-0.236)呈负相关。结论 身材矮小儿童的自我意识水平较正常同龄儿童低,且与其父母养育方式有相关性。     

儿科住院患儿及其父母的焦虑

目的 研究住院患儿及其父母的心理健康状况及相互的影响。方法 采用汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）测评33例住院患儿并与29例健康儿童进行对比分析。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）调查了住院患儿的父亲或母亲,并与中国常模比较。结果 患儿组焦虑评分高于对照组（P＜0．01）。除行为表现外,汉密顿焦虑量表各因素评分均较高,有统计学意义。患儿组有焦虑者占60．5％,高于对照组（P＜0．01）。患儿父母焦虑评分较高（P＜0．01）。患儿与其父母的焦虑评分无相关。结论 儿科住院患儿与其父母均存在明显的焦虑情绪,两者之间无相关。     

哮喘患儿母亲主观幸福感与焦虑抑郁状况分析

【目的】了解哮喘患儿母亲主观幸福感和焦虑抑郁状况,探讨两者的相关性。【方法】采用幸福感指数量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD),对46例门诊哮喘患儿母亲进行测评,分析其主观幸福感与焦虑、抑郁现状及其相关性。【结果】哮喘患儿母亲幸福感指数为(6.85±3.22)分,居中等程度;焦虑得分(8.59±6.41)分,抑郁(8.70±6.59)分,焦虑抑郁负性情绪较严重;哮喘患儿母亲幸福感指数与焦虑(r=-0.848)、抑郁(r=-0.807)得分呈负相关和(P0.01)。【结论】哮喘患儿母亲主观幸福感与焦虑、抑郁负性情绪密切相关,对哮喘患儿母亲应及早给予家庭干预,改善其情绪状态,增强主观幸福感,提高生活质量。     

青春期前后特发性矮小儿童自我意识、焦虑抑郁情绪的变化

目的探讨特发性矮小(ISS)儿童从青春期前到青春期自我意识水平和焦虑、抑郁状况的变化,为不同发育阶段儿童进行心理健康干预提供基础数据。方法按照Tanner分期把108例ISS儿童和128例正常儿童分别分成青春期前组和青春期组,采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表(SCARED)、流调中心儿童抑郁量表(CESDC)对其进行问卷调查分析。结果青春期前ISS儿童PHCSS的躯体外貌与属性评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PHCSS总分及其余各因子、SCARED和CES-DC量表总分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。青春期ISS儿童在PHCSS总分、躯体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群、幸福及满足均显著低于对照组,SCARED总分与CES-DC总分则显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在ISS儿童中,青春期组PHCSS量表的总分及分量表的躯体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群3个因子评分均显著低于青春期前组(P0.05),其余各因子差异无统计学意义(P0.05);青春期组SCARED总分与CES-DC总分显著高于青春期前组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论青春期前ISS儿童已关注自身身高问题并感不满,但无整体自我意识受损或焦虑抑郁情绪,青春期ISS儿童出现自我意识普遍低下及更多的焦虑抑郁情绪。从青春期前至青春期,ISS儿童自我意识水平显著下降,焦虑抑郁水平显著升高。     

超重、肥胖中专女生情绪症状和自我意识评定

目的 分析超重、肥胖对中专女生抑郁、焦虑等情绪症状和自我意识的影响，为学校开展超重、肥胖女性青少年心理健康教育提供依据。方法 在某中专学校运用身高标准体重法界定35名肥胖、62名超重和100名正常体重女生，采用流行病学调查用抑郁自评量表、Zung焦虑评定量表和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识评定量表分别评定三组研究对象的抑郁、焦虑等情绪症状和自我意识。结果 肥胖组抑郁、焦虑症状检出率分别为37．1％、22．9％，超重组为14．5％、6．5％，对照组为22．0％、7．0％。肥胖组抑郁症状检出率高于超重组，焦虑症状检出率高于超重组和对照组，差异均有显著性；肥胖组自我意识总分和3个分量表得分显著低于超重组和对照组，三组差异有显著性；超重组自我意识评分与对照组间的差异无显著性。结论 该中专学校肥胖女生的抑郁、焦虑状况较为严重，肥胖可能降低中专女生的自我意识。     

哮喘儿童父母养育方式与情绪状态的相关研究

【目的】　探讨哮喘儿童父母养育方式与情绪状态之间的关系。　【方法】　采用父母养育方式问卷 (EM BU)、汉密顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)、抑郁状态问卷 (DSI)对 47例哮喘儿童进行测查 ,并与 3 0例健康儿童进行对比分析。两组父母受教育程度、职业及家庭经济情况无明显差异。　【结果】　哮喘儿童父母养育方式 9个分量表 (包括父亲的情感温暖与理解 ,惩罚、严厉 ,过分干涉 ,拒绝、否认 ,过度保护 ,母亲的情感温暖与理解 ,过干涉、过保护 ,拒绝、否认 ,惩罚、严厉 )分值均低于对照组 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。哮喘儿童HAMA分值为 (11.68± 6.3 8)分 ,高于健康儿童 (P <0 .0 0 1)。哮喘儿童DSI分值为 (5 1.81± 6.73 )分 ,高于健康儿童 (P <0 .0 1)。哮喘儿童抑郁情绪与父母情感温暖与理解呈负相关 (P<0 .0 1)。　【结论】　哮喘儿童与健康儿童的父母养育方式基本一致。哮喘儿童存在较明显的情绪障碍。抑郁与父母养育方式有一定关系。     

白血病患儿及家长的心理状况及干预

目的调查白血病患儿及家长心理健康状况和疾病应对方式,为心理干预提供依据。方法采用焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表、抑郁障碍自评量表、患病行为问卷、SCL-90症状自评量表、医学应对方式和应对方式问卷,对60例白血病患儿（初治和强化组各30例）、39例非恶性血液病患儿（对照组）及52例健康组儿童和家长,进行心理卫生和应对方式调查。结果与健康组相比,白血病组患儿及家长存在较多负性情绪,初治组更明显;白血病组较对照组更多采用回避和放弃方式来应对疾病,其家长的自责、求助和幻想的分数高于对照组。结论白血病儿童及家长存在较多的心理问题及消极应对方式。有效的心理干预有助于提高患儿的生活质量和改善家长的身心健康。     

抽动障碍患儿及家长心理状态调查

目的了解抽动障碍患儿及其家长的心理状态、影响因素,以期为抽动障碍患儿的心理干预提供依据。方法采用前瞻性病例-对照研究方法,对72例抽动障碍患儿及正常对照组儿童和其家长心理卫生状况进行调查。分别采用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）、调查患儿心理行为状况,SCL-90症状自评量表调查家长的心理卫生状况,并搜集患儿及家庭基本信息进行分析,探讨可能的影响因素。结果抽动障碍患儿及家长心理状态与正常对照组存在明显差异。患儿的焦虑情绪与家长心理状态及对疾病的认知有关。结论抽动障碍患儿及其家长存在较多心理行为问题,在临床药物治疗的同时,辅予积极的心理干预可能有重要裨益。     

学龄期矮身材儿童及家长的心理状况分析

目的 通过分析身材矮小儿童及其父母的心理状况,为进一步进行心理干预提供依据。方法 2017年1-6月采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表、艾森克个性问卷、Spence儿童焦虑量表、儿童生存质量测定量表体系评估50例学龄期身材矮小儿童和正常儿童的心理状况,采用SAS焦虑自评量表对父母进行心理状况调查。结果 身材矮小学龄期儿童的行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌、合群的自我意识分量表得分及生存质量低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);焦虑量表提示身材矮小儿童恐慌障碍得分高于正常对照组,而正常对照组躯体伤害恐惧、强迫冲动障碍得分高于身材矮小儿童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);且身材矮小的学龄期儿童较正常儿童更倾向于内向个性。两组父母焦虑量表评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 学龄期矮身材儿童存在一定的心理问题。除了药物治疗,还需要根据儿童的心理状况给予早期心理支持。     

父母教养方式对医学生个性心理特征的影响研究

[目的 ]　了解医学生个性心理特征和父母教养方式的关系。　 [方法 ]　对 15 5 0名医学生测试SCL -90和16PF ,并进行了父母教养态度和行为调查。　 [结果 ]　女生较多感受到父母的情感温暖、理解和偏爱 ,而男生较多感受到父母的拒绝、否认 ,惩罚、严厉、过分干涉 ;独生子女较多感受到父母的情感温暖、理解 ,过分干涉和保护。　 [结论 ]　父母不良的教养态度和行为直接或间接影响到子女的心理健康和个性特征的形成。     

初中学生心理健康与家长个性、心理健康的相关性研究

【目的】　了解初中学生心理健康与其家长个性、心理健康的相关性 ,为初中生心理健康维护提供科学依据。　【方法】　采用自编一般情况调查表 ,精神症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )、艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ )分别对学生及其家长进行调查。　【结果】　初中生有轻度、中度及以上心理问题者所占比例分别为 3 5 .8%、12 .7%;中学生心理健康水平与母亲的心理健康水平、母亲的内外向性格有相关及回归关系 ;与父亲的心理健康水平及个性特点无相关性。中学生心理健康总分的遗传度为 13 .2 %。　【结论】　重视与加强中学生家长 ,尤其是母亲的心理健康维护是促进中学生心理健康的重要途径     

Alcoholic parents and their children

Summary Some 211 male alcoholic in-patients were compared with a simple random sample of 200 men from Greater Stockholm. The group of male alcoholic in-patients and the random sample were subdivided with respect to alcohol consumption and use of hepatotoxic drugs: (IA) men from the random sample with low or moderate alcohol consumption and no use of drugs (n= 169); (IB) men from the random sample with low or moderate alcohol consumption with use of drugs (n= 31); (IIA) alcoholic in-patients with use of alcohol but no drugs (n= 171); (IIB) alcoholic in-patients with use of alcohol and drugs (n= 40). Earlier and more severe alcohol-related and anti-social problems were found among subjects with an alcoholic parent than among subjects without an alcoholic parent. The highest level of problems was noted for subjects with alcoholism in both parents and among the alcoholic in-patients. Groups which resembled each other were the drug users in the alcoholic group and in the general sample. Both inherited and environmental factors are important determinants and many of these individuals have psycho-social problems as children and adults. The children of those adults who used alcohol in combination with drugs (IIB) had most problems and the most severe problems. In the general population sample, those who used alcohol in combination with drugs (IB) had so many problems in the family and psycho-social problems themselves that they resembled the alcoholic in-patients and especially the group with high alcohol consumption in combination with drugs (IIB). A new finding is that the high-risk groups IB and IIB, who used both alcohol and drugs, had experienced a more disturbed school career and were more aggressive, had more nervous problems, and were more emotionally disturbed than the population studied belonged to a concealed alcoholic group raises the question whether it is really true that every sixth inhabitant of Greater Stockholm has a serious alcohol problem. However, the sample was relatively small, and this implies some uncertainty in the determination of the prevalence. A finding that indicates that the figure is not in fact so far from reality is that 65% of group IB were themselves of the opinion that they drank alcohol often or regarded themselves as alcoholics.     

Measuring quality of life in the parents of children with asthma

Parents and primary caregivers of children with asthma are limited in normal daily activities and experience anxieties and fears due to the child's illness. We have developed the Paediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) to measure these impairments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the PACQLQ. A 9-week single cohort study was conducted with assessments at 1, 5 and 9 weeks. Participants in the study were primary caregivers of 52 children (age 7–17 years) with symptomatic asthma, recruited from notices in the local media and paediatric asthma clinics. Caregivers completed the PACQLQ, Impact-on-Family Scale and Global Rating of Change Questionnaires. Patients completed the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and an asthma control questionnaire. Spirornetry and -agonist use were recorded. The PACQLQ was able to detect quality of life changes in those caregivers who changed (p<0.001) and to differentiate these from the caregivers whose quality of life remained stable (p<0.0001). The PACQLQ is reproducible in subjects who are stable (ICC=0.84), and showed acceptable levels of longitudinal and cross-sectional correlations with the child's asthma status and health-related quality of life and with other measures of caregiver health-related quality of life. The PACQLQ functions well as both an evaluative and a discriminative instrument.     

孤独症患儿症状与父母人格特征的相关性研究

目的 研究孤独症(autism)患儿症状与父母人格特征的相关性。方法 对符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的孤独症患儿250例采用社会沟通量表(Social Communication Questionnaire,SCQ)对孤独症患儿症状进行评定,采用艾森克人格问卷(Eysenk Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)对患儿父母的人格特征进行评定。结果 1)学龄前患儿与学龄期患儿的SCQ量表各维度评分比较差异均无统计学意义;但学龄期患儿父亲比学龄前患儿父亲个性更不稳定,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2)对不同性别患儿进行比较,女性患儿相较男性患儿重复刻板症状评分更高,并且女性患儿母亲个性更不稳定,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3)以SCQ高分界值(22分)对患儿分组,发现两组患儿父母各人格维度评分差异无统计学意义;4)孤独症患儿的SCQ各维度得分与父亲、母亲EPQ各维度得分之间无明显相关性。结论 女性孤独症患儿刻板重复症状更为严重;父母不稳定的人格特性与患儿年龄、性别有关;孤独症患儿症状与父母人格特征可能不通过直接作用相互影响。     

Practical and psychological problems for parents of children with epidermolysis bullosa

Parents of children with epidermolysis bullosa were sent a questionnaire seeking information on problems associated with the condition; 45% replied and their responses are discussed in terms of reported needs. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is the name given to a group of distinct, inherited disorders which are manifest as an exceptional liability of the skin to blister and ulcerate following mechanical trauma. There are three principal groups: EB simplex, dystrophic EB and junctional EB. All forms of EB simplex are inherited as autosomal dominant traits. These diseases are generally relatively mild but some patients are sufficiently disabled to prevent their walking more than 200 yards at a time. Dystrophic EB is of variable severity; not unknown are problems such as fusion of the fingers, fixation of the tongue, shrinkage of the mouth and oesophageal stenosis. When severe this is an exceptionally disabling disorder associated with a significant reduction in life expectancy. Junctional EB is always serious and death within the first few years of life, often within the first few weeks, is usual. DEBRA, the Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association, is a self-help group of sufferers and their families. A questionnaire aimed at eliciting problems associated with this condition was sent to 138 members and their replies form the basis of this paper.     

Counseling parents on feeding their children

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The high-nutrient needs of children for normal growth and development are matched by ready access to low-nutrient high-energy foods. Parents are often confused by new and at times conflicting information. This review discusses three recently published papers that offer specific and important dietary information for school-aged children. RECENT FINDINGS: Lactose intolerance is common in some populations and there are misconceptions about dairy intake. Most lactose-intolerant children can consume some dairy products without symptoms. Fruit-juice intake can predict increased weight gain in children, especially those who are already overweight or at risk for being overweight. Hypertension is a serious disease with onset likely in childhood. This paper discusses the importance of dietary sodium as a contributor to the development of hypertension, and the sodium content of children's diets. SUMMARY: Advice to parents on feeding children should be based on the food pyramid and include information on exercise. Recent publications suggest that children consume dairy products, even if lactose intolerant, restrict juice intake, remove sweetened beverages from their diets and reduce sodium consumption.