Vaginal polyp in a newborn

Vaginal fibroepithelial polyp is a rare lesion, and although benign, it can be confused with malignant connective tissue lesions. Treatment is simple excision, and recurrence is extremely uncommon. We report a case of a newborn with vaginal fibroepithelial polyp. The authors suggest that vaginal polyp must be considered in the evaluation of interlabial masses in prepubertal girls.     

Fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter in childhood

We report a case of fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter, a benign mesodermal tumour, that is rare, especially in the paediatric age group. The success of conservative management with renal preservation for this benign condition is emphasised.     

Fibroepithelial polyps causing ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children--a case report and review article.

Fibroepithelial polyps are extremely rare benign mesodermal tumours in children that can cause ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. We report on a 10-year-old boy presenting with UPJ obstruction due to a fibroepithelial polyp, and review 28 similar published paediatric cases.     

Antenatal hydronephrosis: ureteral polyp causing ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

We describe a rare case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a three and a half-year-old boy due to a benign ureteric polyp. This case is being reported due to the rarity of benign neoplasms of the ureter in infants and children and also because the child had been diagnosed antenatally as having hydronephrosis.     

Lymphoid polyps of the rectum

In children lymphoid polyps of the rectum are uncommon benign lesions with a good prognosis following local treatment. We report a girl in whom a cluster of lymphoid polyps occurred 9 months following removal of a single lymphoid polyp. All of the polyps, including the original lesion, displayed a monoclonal nature on immunocytochemical examination.     

Hairy polyp can be lethal even when small in size

A case of sudden cardiopulmonary arrest in a 3‐month‐old girl is presented. The patient had barely recovered from hypoxic encephalopathy when she presented with repeated respiratory distress. Computed tomography and endoscopic analysis revealed a shiny polyp in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, and this polyp was suspected to be the main cause of respiratory distress. After referral to our hospital, surgical removal was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was hairy polyp. Hairy polyp is a rare congenital benign tumor that sometimes induces respiratory distress. This polyp can potentially induce a life‐threatening event. In a systematic review of 40 reported cases, polyps of ≤3.0 cm in diameter have a higher risk of respiratory distress than do those >3.0 cm in diameter (P = 0.01). Small hairy polyps may be lethal because of delayed diagnosis. To locate small hairy polyps, physicians should not hesitate to perform further examination because there is the possibility of oversight with only physical examination.     

Benign lymphoid polyps of the rectum

Benign lymphoid polyps are a rare histologic entity and should not be confused with malignant disease of the colon and rectum. Although retention polyps are the single most common type of colonic polyp in children, the presence of multiple clustered polyps in the rectum should alert the radiologist to the possibility of benign lymphoid polyps. A representative case is described and a review of the pediatric experience with this entity is discussed.     

Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach as an unusual differential diagnosis of epigastric tumor

We describe the case of a 5 months old infant with an inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach. The girl presented with inflammatory symptoms and a tumor in the upper abdomen which was confirmed by sonography and computer-tomography. This very rare benign tumor has not yet been described in an infant.     

Benign papilloma of the cervix in childhood: immunohistochemical findings and review of the literature

Papillomas of the genital region are rare benign tumours causing sanguineous vaginal discharge in prepubertal girls. We report on a papilloma of the cervix in a 2-year-old girl. We characterize the tumour immunohistochemically and give a brief review about the current literature. Conclusion Genital tract papillomas are benign differ entiated tumours of probable Müllerian origin with a good prognosis even after tumour recurrence. Local excision is adequate for treatment. Received: 29 August 1996 / Accepted: 19 October 1996     

Hairy polyp of the tongue: a case report

Hairy polyps or dermoids of the oro- and nasopharynx are benign lesions containing elements of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin. Because of its rarity, we report a case of hairy polyp arising from the tongue in a 40-day-old infant. The lesion was covered by squamous epithelium and a central core of fibroadipose tissue, minor salivary glands, and cartilage. We discuss the clinicopathological features, terminology, etiology, and differential diagnosis of this condition.     

Anatomical development of the fetal uterus

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to gather data on the morphology of the uterus during its development, to provide detailed information regarding the neighboring structures and its variations using anatomical dissections. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty uteri acquired from female fetuses aged 10-40 weeks of gestation were used in this study. Firstly, the relationship between the fetal uterus and the linea terminalis and the position of the uterus within the pelvic cavity was noted. Then the distance between the fundus of the uterus to the promontory and pubic symphysis were measured. Fetal uteri were classified according to their physical appearances. Finally the lengths of the corpus and cervix in three planes and the anteflexion angle were measured. RESULTS: During the fetal period, the fundus of the uterus was above the linea terminalis in 94% and below it in 6% of the cases. The distance between the fundus of the uterus and the promontory significantly correlated with the distance between the fundus of the uterus and the pubic symphysis (p<0.001). This was true for the correlation between the gestational age and the orthogonal lengths of the uterine corpus and cervix (p<0.001). As the gestational age advanced, the anteflexion angle was noted to reduce from 177 degrees to 120 degrees . The shape of the uterus was either cylindrical, pear-shaped, heart-shaped or hourglass-shaped during the fetal period. CONDENSATION: We believe that the data obtained through dissections of the human fetuses in this study will help identifying uterine developmental variations, anomalies and pathologies and will contribute to the studies carried out in obstetrics, perinatology, forensic medicine and fetal pathology departments.     

Atypical presentation of antrochoanal polyp in a child

Antrochoanal polyp is a benign, solitary polypoid lesion arising from the edematous mucosa of the maxillary sinus and extending through the maxillary ostium into the nose. In children, it constitutes 33% of all nasal polyps. It presents most commonly with unilateral nasal obstruction and purulent rhinorrhea. Surgery is the usual treatment for antrochoanal polyps. The primary aim of treatment for antrochoanal polyp must be complete removal with total cleaning of the maxillary sinus. In this article, we present a case of a 13-year-old boy with an antrochoanal polyp who complained of difficulty in breathing and swallowing; the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal masses and the treatment of antrochoanal polyps in children are also discussed. Antrochoanal polyps present most commonly with unilateral nasal obstruction; however, they sometimes present atypically. Clinical manifestations may mimic other neoplasms in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal masses must be evaluated by endoscopic examination and radiologic imaging before surgery to avoid unnecessary and harmful surgical techniques. Reporting this case is important to direct attention of the Ear, Nose and Throat specialist and pediatricians when facing similar cases.     

Dermoid (hairy polyp) of the nasopharynx

Dermoids or hairy polyps, the most primitive forms of teratoma are rare lesions affecting the nasopharynx. The arise during early embryogenesis, being derived from only two germinal layers, ectoderm and mesoderm and are invariably benign. They usually present at or soon after birth with signs of upper aerodigestive tract obstruction. A case of hairy polyp of nasopharynx in a neonate is reported for its rarity. The etiology of teratomas, their classification in head and neck region, clinical features, and management in neonates are discussed.     

Failure of mullerian duct development. The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome

A 3 year old girl with this syndrome is described. She presented with bilateral inguinal hernias containing palpable gonads. She was found to have total absence of vagina, absence of uterus, Fallopian tubes and right kidney. She had an ectopic left kidney and spinal abnormality. Chromosome analysis revealed normal 46 XX karyotype and the gonads were histologically normal ovaries. The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome is a failure of development in part or whole of the paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct, and sometimes of part of the mesonephric (Wolffian) system. This results in absence of uterus, tubes, cervix uteri and usually the whole vagina. The syndrome is contrasted with testicular feminization in which the patient has an XY karyotype, has no uterus or tubes but usually a shallow vagina.     

Failure of Mullerian duct development. The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome

Abstract A 3 year old girl with this syndrome is described. She presented with bilateral inguinal hernias containing palpable gonads. She was found to have total absence of vagina, absence of uterus, Fallopian tubes and right kidney. She had an ectopic left kidney and spinal abnormality. Chromosome analysis revealed normal 46 XX karyotype and the gonads were histologically normal ovaries. The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome is a failure of development in part or whole of the paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct, and sometimes of part of the mesbnephric (Wolfflan) system. This results in absence of uterus, tubes, cervix uteri and usually the whole vagina. The syndrome is contrasted with testicular feminization in which the patient has an XY karyotype, has no uterus or tubes but usually a shallow vagina.     

Urethral polyp in a 1-month-old child

Urethral polyps are a rare finding in children, particularly in the very young. They are suspected by the presence of various clinical signs such as obstruction, voiding dysfunction and haematuria. There is an association with other urinary tract congenital anomalies. They are usually benign fibro-epithelial lesions with no tendency to recur and are treated by surgical ablation, fulguration or laser therapy. We report a 1-month-old boy with an antenatally diagnosed left ectopic pelvic kidney, postnatal urinary tract infection and no clinical signs of obstruction. Voiding cystourethrography to exclude vesico-ureteric reflux showed a trabeculated bladder and a mobile filling defect in the posterior urethra. Owing to its large size, cystotomy was necessary to remove the polyp successfully.     

Consider benign Müllerian papilloma: a rare cause of vaginal bleeding in children

Vaginal bleeding in young girls is a distressing symptom. Due to the potential for malignancy, thorough investigation is needed. Though rare, Müllerian papillomas are a benign cause of such symptoms. We report the case of a 2-year-old female who presented with acute onset of vaginal bleeding. She had another episode of bleeding during admission and was taken to the operating room for vaginoscopy under general anesthesia. A single friable lesion with active bleeding was visualized near the anterior vagina or cervix, which was biopsied. Histopathologic examination demonstrated characteristic features of benign Müllerian papilloma of infancy. Müllerian papillomas require examination under anesthesia and vaginoscopy with biopsies for efficient and accurate diagnosis. Treatment consists of complete local excision. Local recurrences are not uncommon, though prognosis for primary or recurrent disease is excellent.     

儿童结直肠息肉病理特征及术后随访

结直肠息肉是儿童便血的主要原因之一,按病理类型可分为错构瘤性息肉、腺瘤性息肉、炎性息肉和锯齿状息肉。儿童结直肠息肉绝大部分为良性病变,但部分息肉体积大、数目多、生长快,甚至可癌变,引起肠梗阻、营养不良、贫血和消化道肿瘤等,严重影响患儿生长发育和生活质量。治疗除积极进行内镜下息肉切除外,根据不同息肉类型采取系统科学的随访对于改善预后非常重要,该文根据病理类型对儿童结直肠息肉进行系统归纳,并总结了相应的个体化、精准化随访策略。     

Imaging of pediatric floor of mouth lesions

There is a vast spectrum of pathology that afflicts the floor of mouth in children. These span inflammatory conditions, vascular malformations, developmental anomalies, benign tumors and malignancies. While this area is readily evaluated on clinical exam, imaging is often performed to better characterize the disorder prior to management. The imaging modalities most frequently utilized are US, CT and MR. The purpose of this article is to describe the primary conditions that occur in this location in children so that radiologists may provide an appropriate differential diagnosis. These include ranula, venolymphatic malformation, dermoid, teratoma, foregut duplication cyst, hairy polyp, thyroglossal duct cyst and rhabdomyosarcoma. For each pathological condition, there will be a focus on describing its imaging manifestation. Floor of mouth anatomy, imaging approach during both prenatal and postnatal life and etiologies will be discussed. Surgical considerations and operative photographs will also be presented.     

Perineal lipoma in a newborn boy--a case report.

We report the case of a newborn presenting with a pediculated mass arising from the anal margin. Antenatal sonogram and magnetic resonance imaging were unable to diagnose the precise nature of the lesion. Sacrococcygeal teratoma, an enterogenous cyst, a polyp, a prolapse or other perineal tumors were all proposed as possible entities. At birth, no other anatomic anomaly than this homogenous 2 cm para-anal lesion was seen. Excision of the mass was performed under general anesthesia. The postoperative histological exam showed mature fat cells. Reviewing the literature, there have been few previously reported cases of congenital perineal lipoma. It is a rare, benign and easy-to-treat condition that can be evocated by morphological sonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).