大黄素对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠肠道损伤的保护作用

目的 研究大黄素对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠肠道损伤的保护机制.方法 将30只SD大鼠随机分成3组:假手术(SO)组、ANP组和大黄素治疗组,每组10只.ANP模型采用十二指肠壁穿刺经乳头逆行胰胆管注射3.5%牛磺胆酸钠造模,5.5 h后从十二指肠注入酚红,0.5 h后处死大鼠,测定小肠转运.取小肠组织做病理切片,HE染色观察小肠组织病理改变,免疫组织化学染色检测小肠核因子-κB(NF-κB)的活化;用酶标记免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测小肠肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β).结果 ANP组小肠转运较SO组降低(P<0.05),大黄素治疗组小肠转运较ANP组增加(P<0.05).SO组肠黏膜无异常,ANP组大鼠肠黏膜水肿、出血及炎症细胞浸润,大黄素治疗组大鼠肠黏膜轻度水肿,黏膜及黏膜下层血管扩张充血及炎症细胞浸润相对ANP组减轻.ANP组小肠黏膜细胞胞核NF-κB p65阳性表达量高于SO组(P<0.05),大黄素治疗组较ANP组降低(P<0.05).ANP组小肠TNF-α、IL-1β含量较SO组增加(P<0.05),大黄素治疗组较ANP组降低但高于SO组(P<0.05).小肠TNF-α、IL-1β与小肠转运呈负相关,r分别为-0.83、-0.76(P<0.05).结论 大黄素可增加小肠转运,抑制ANP大鼠小肠NF-κB活性,降低小肠TNF-α、IL-1β含量,减轻小肠病理损害.     

ghreIin在大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎肺损伤中的作用及机制

目的探讨ghrelin在大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎肺损伤中的作用和机制。方法 54只SD大鼠随机分为假手术（SO）组、急性坏死性胰腺炎（ANP）组和ghrelin干预组,采用胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠诱导大鼠ANP模型,ghrelin干预组于模型制作前30 min和造模后3 h腹腔注射ghrelin,SO组开腹后翻动胰腺后关腹。观察各组大鼠血清淀粉酶的变化,ELISA检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）,光镜观察胰腺和肺组织的病理改变,Western blot检测肺组织核因子-κB（NF-κB）蛋白的表达,酶化学法测定肺组织髓过氧化物酶（MPO）的变化。结果 ANP组大鼠胰腺和肺组织随着时间延长病变加重;ANP组血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、肺组织MPO均较SO组明显升高（均P〈0.05）,表达水平与肺病理严重程度成正相关。ghrelin干预组各检测指标均较ANP组明显降低（均P〈0.05）,胰腺及肺组织病理损伤明显减轻。结论 ghrelin可减轻大鼠ANP后的肺损伤,并对MPO和TNF-α有明显的抑制作用,其机制可能与影响了NF-κB的表达,从而干预了炎症信号传导过程有关。     

硫化氢急性中毒大鼠肺组织细胞因子和核因子κB的改变及乌司他丁的影响

目的 探讨硫化氢(H2S)急性中毒大鼠肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10及核因子κB(NF-κB)的动态变化及乌司他丁(UTI)对其的影响.方法 将96只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NS组,n=8),UTI对照组(UTI组,n=8),H2S染毒模型组(H2S组,n=40)和UTI干预组(H2S+UTI组,n=40),分别予以空气、H2S 及UTI.建模后在不同时点处死后采用ELISA法和RT-PCR法测定肺组织中IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α的水平和mRNA表达变化;RT-PCR法和Western blot法检测肺组织NF-κB mRNA和蛋白的表达;并观察肺组织病理学改变.结果 与NS组比较,2、6、12、24、48 h H2S组大鼠肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平和mRNA表达以及NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达均明显升高(均P<0.01);与H2S组比较,H2S+UTI组2、6、12、24、48 h TNF-α、IL-6水平和mRNA表达以及NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.05或0.01),IL-10水平和mRNA表达明显升高(均P<0.01).光镜下见H2S组在染毒后24h肺组织损害明显,H2S+UTI组肺损伤有所减轻.结论 H2S吸入性中毒可致急性肺损伤,早期肺组织中NF-κB表达增加,细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6及IL-10水平升高,而UTI干预能显著降低NF-κB表达及TNF-α、IL-6水平,提高抗炎因子IL-10水平,减轻肺损伤.     

大鼠输血相关性急性肺损伤后活化巨噬细胞表面TLR4及CD40的表达情况

目的:研究大鼠输血相关性急性肺损伤后活化巨噬细胞表面TLR4及CD40的表达情况。方法:选择SD大鼠作为实验动物,依次输注脂多糖和血浆,建立输血相关性急性肺损伤(TRALI)动物模型,取肺组织测定湿干比以及TLR4、NF-κB、CD40、TNF-α、IL-1β、MIP-2、GRP78的mRNA表达量,取血清检测TNF-α、IL-1β、MIP-2的含量,取外周血巨噬细胞检测TLR4、NF-κB、CD40的mRNA表达量。结果:TRALI组大鼠肺组织湿干比显著高于Sham组;TRALI组大鼠巨噬细胞中TLR4、NF-kB、CD40的mRNA表达量均显著高于Sham组;TRALI组大鼠肺组织中TLR4、NF-kB、CD40、TNF-α、IL-1β、MIP-2、GRP78的mRNA表达量均显著高于Sham组;TRALI组大鼠血清中、TNF-α、IL-1β、MIP-2的含量显著高于Sham组;TRALI组大鼠肺脏组织中SOD、GSH的含量低于Sham组,MDA、8-OhdG含量高于Sham组。结论:大鼠输血相关性急性肺损伤后活化巨噬细胞表面TLR4及CD40的表达量显著升高,进而会通过炎症反应、氧化应激反应、内质网应激等环节来造成肺损伤。     

炎症因子在大鼠坏死性胰腺炎肺组织中的表达

目的观察大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎（ANP）核因子-κB（NF-κB）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-a）、白介素-10（IL-10）在肺组织中的表达及厚朴酚对上述因子表达的作用。方法56只SD大鼠随机分为假手术（SO）组、ANP模型组及厚朴酚（Mag）干预组。以5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管注射制备大鼠ANP模型。以荧光定量PCR检测肺组织中NF-κB、TNF-a和IL-10的基因表达。结果与假手术（SO）组相比,ANP组NF-κB mRNA、TNF-a mRNA、IL-10 mRNA表达量明显升高,Mag的干预可降低NF-κB mRNA、TNF-a mRNA。结论ANP肺损伤伴有NF-κB、TNF-a等炎症因子的表达升高,Mag的干预对其有一定的保护作用。     

己酮可可碱对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肺损伤的保护作用

目的 观察己酮可可碱对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠相关肺损伤的保护作用,并探讨其可能的发病机制.方法 36只雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、治疗组.采用5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰胆管注射的方法,复制大鼠SAP相关肺损伤模型.治疗组在模型制作前30min给予己酮可可碱.12h后分别对胰腺损伤、肺损伤程度进行病理评分,测定肺系数、胰腺湿重、血清淀粉酶,用ELISA法检测血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量,用半定量RT-PCR法检测肺组织中NF-κB p65 mRNA的表达.结果与模型组比较,治疗组胰腺及肺损伤程度明显减轻;其血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量明显下降,肺组织中NF-κB p65 mRNA的表达亦明显减少.结论己酮可可碱对SAP相关急性肺损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制肺组织中NF-κB p65 mRNA的表达,从而抑制促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的产生相关.     

注射用红花黄色素缓解油酸诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤作用

目的 探讨注射用红花黄色素对油酸致大鼠急性肺损伤的作用及其机制。方法 Wistar 大鼠随机分成对照组、油酸组 (模型组)、油酸+山莨菪碱 10 mg/kg 组、油酸+红花黄色素 (8、16、32 mg/kg) 组,每组12只,各组在 iv 油酸 0.18g/kg 前给予药物干预。油酸损伤 4 h 后,测定大鼠动脉血血氧分压、左肺含水系数和肺组织髓过氧化物酶 (MPO) 活性;RT-PCR 法检测肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、细胞间黏附分子-1 (ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA 表达水平;免疫组织化学法观察肺组织 NF-κB p65 活化细胞数;Western blotting 法检测 p38 MAPK 蛋白磷酸化水平。结果 红花黄色素组大鼠动脉血血氧分压值均高于模型组,肺组织含水系数和 MPO 活性均低于模型组;同时各炎症因子 mRNA 表达水平,NF-κB p65 阳性细胞数和 p38 MAPK 蛋白磷酸化水平也均低于模型组。结论 红花黄色素可缓解急性肺损伤所致肺水肿,提高动脉血氧分压,减少肺部炎性细胞浸润,其作用机制可能与抑制 p38 MAPK 磷酸化及 NF-κB 活化,下调 TNF-α、IL-β等炎症因子的表达有关。     

NF-κB在机械通气和内毒素肺损伤中的作用机制

目的探讨幼兔机械通气、内毒素及机械通气复合内毒素肺损伤时,肺组织核因子-κB(NF-κB)活化及其对TNF-α和IL-8表达的影响.方法60只普通级幼兔随机等分为对照组(NMV)、大潮气量组(LVMV)、内毒素组(ENMV)和复合损伤组(EMV)(n=15),检测各时相肺组织NF-κB活性、IκBα含量、TNF-α和IL-8的基因表达和蛋白含量变化,并观察肺组织病理改变.结果NF-κB活性在NMV较底,ENMV致伤后2 h NF-κB活性达最高,而LVMV通气4 h NF-κB活性达高峰;EMV伤后各时相点NF-κB活性强度显著高于其它两组(P＜0.01).IκBα含量在NMV较高,ENMV致伤后4 hIκBα含量降至最低;出现显著下降的时间早于LVMV;EMV在通气后2、4、6 h的IκBα含量降低程度显著大于其它两组(P＜0.01).TNF-α、IL-8 mRNA和蛋白含量在NMV较低,在ENMV和EMV肺组织伤后TNF-α、IL-8 mRNA和蛋白含量峰值早于LVMV,EMV伤后2、4、6 h TNF-αmRNA表达和蛋白含量显著高于其它两组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论机械通气和内毒素可能通过不同的途径使NF-κB活化,启动致炎细胞因子的转录,导致肺损伤.机械通气和内毒素先后作用于机体对NF-κB的活化可能有相互反应后效应的加强,加重肺损伤.     

NF-κB在机械通气和内毒素肺损伤中的作用机制

目的探讨幼兔机械通气、内毒素及机械通气复合内毒素肺损伤时,肺组织核因子-κB(NF-κB)活化及其对TNF-α和IL-8表达的影响.方法60只普通级幼兔随机等分为对照组(NMV)、大潮气量组(LVMV)、内毒素组(ENMV)和复合损伤组(EMV)(n=15),检测各时相肺组织NF-κB活性、IκBα含量、TNF-α和IL-8的基因表达和蛋白含量变化,并观察肺组织病理改变.结果NF-κB活性在NMV较底,ENMV致伤后2 h NF-κB活性达最高,而LVMV通气4 h NF-κB活性达高峰;EMV伤后各时相点NF-κB活性强度显著高于其它两组(P＜0.01).IκBα含量在NMV较高,ENMV致伤后4 hIκBα含量降至最低;出现显著下降的时间早于LVMV;EMV在通气后2、4、6 h的IκBα含量降低程度显著大于其它两组(P＜0.01).TNF-α、IL-8 mRNA和蛋白含量在NMV较低,在ENMV和EMV肺组织伤后TNF-α、IL-8 mRNA和蛋白含量峰值早于LVMV,EMV伤后2、4、6 h TNF-αmRNA表达和蛋白含量显著高于其它两组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论机械通气和内毒素可能通过不同的途径使NF-κB活化,启动致炎细胞因子的转录,导致肺损伤.机械通气和内毒素先后作用于机体对NF-κB的活化可能有相互反应后效应的加强,加重肺损伤.     

急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺组织核因子-κB动态变化

目的: 观察急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺组织中核因子-κB (NF-κB)的表达和血清中细胞因子的变化,探讨胰腺组织NF-κB的表达和血清细胞因子的变化关系。方法: 实验动物随机分为5组,正常对照组(Normal组)、急性水肿性胰腺炎6h组(AEP6h组)和急性坏死性胰腺炎3h组(ANP3h)、6h组(ANP6h)、12h组(ANP12h),观察各组血清淀粉酶(Amy)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量及胰腺组织NF-κB的表达。结果: 急性水肿性胰腺炎大鼠TNF-α、IL-6、胰腺组织NF-κB的表达均较正常组明显增高(P<0.01),急性坏死性胰腺炎TNF-α、IL-6及胰腺组织NF-κB表达较水肿性胰腺炎增高(P<0.05~P<0.01),6h达高峰,此后下降。结论: 胰腺组织NF-κB参与急性胰腺炎的发病并呈动态变化;胰腺组织NF-κB表达与TNF-α、IL-6含量呈正相关。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.