下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染15例治疗分析

目的 总结下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染的治疗经验,探讨人工血管感染的防治方法.方法 对2004年1月至2009年12月15例下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性14例,女性1例,平均64.8岁.感染发生在人工血管末次重建术后5 d～59个月,平均6.4个月.临床表现包括伤口不愈合人工血管外露8例,窦道脓液渗出5例,与人工血管相通的窦道不愈合1例,切口积液并人工血管游离1例.均予以广谱抗生素治疗.外科治疗包括局部清创引流4例,清创并转移皮瓣1例,单纯去除感染闭塞的人工血管5例(其中1例初次旁路移植时同期截肢),去除感染闭塞的人工血管后截肢3例,1例仅行部分去除感染通畅的人工血管(原闭塞支架再通),1例去除通畅感染的人工血管并一期解剖外镀银涤纶人工血管旁路移植术.结果 保肢9例,截肢4例,1例死于术后心肌梗死,1例清创并转移皮瓣术后伤口未愈出院后失访.随访13例,2例随访中分别因结肠癌和脑出血死亡.生存11例随访1～70个月,平均22.3个月,保肢8例未出现严重缺血或感染症状,截肢3例无特殊.本组累积病死率20%(3/15),截肢率26.7%(4/15),人工血管闭塞率53.3%(8/15).结论 下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染,多数感染的人工血管需取出,如出现严重缺血症状需再次旁路移植,对通畅人工血管的局限性感染也可以考虑保留人工血管.     

下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染15例治疗分析

目的 总结下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染的治疗经验,探讨人工血管感染的防治方法.方法 对2004年1月至2009年12月15例下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性14例,女性1例,平均64.8岁.感染发生在人工血管末次重建术后5 d～59个月,平均6.4个月.临床表现包括伤口不愈合人工血管外露8例,窦道脓液渗出5例,与人工血管相通的窦道不愈合1例,切口积液并人工血管游离1例.均予以广谱抗生素治疗.外科治疗包括局部清创引流4例,清创并转移皮瓣1例,单纯去除感染闭塞的人工血管5例(其中1例初次旁路移植时同期截肢),去除感染闭塞的人工血管后截肢3例,1例仅行部分去除感染通畅的人工血管(原闭塞支架再通),1例去除通畅感染的人工血管并一期解剖外镀银涤纶人工血管旁路移植术.结果 保肢9例,截肢4例,1例死于术后心肌梗死,1例清创并转移皮瓣术后伤口未愈出院后失访.随访13例,2例随访中分别因结肠癌和脑出血死亡.生存11例随访1～70个月,平均22.3个月,保肢8例未出现严重缺血或感染症状,截肢3例无特殊.本组累积病死率20%(3/15),截肢率26.7%(4/15),人工血管闭塞率53.3%(8/15).结论 下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染,多数感染的人工血管需取出,如出现严重缺血症状需再次旁路移植,对通畅人工血管的局限性感染也可以考虑保留人工血管.     

下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染15例治疗分析

目的 总结下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染的治疗经验,探讨人工血管感染的防治方法.方法 对2004年1月至2009年12月15例下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性14例,女性1例,平均64.8岁.感染发生在人工血管末次重建术后5 d～59个月,平均6.4个月.临床表现包括伤口不愈合人工血管外露8例,窦道脓液渗出5例,与人工血管相通的窦道不愈合1例,切口积液并人工血管游离1例.均予以广谱抗生素治疗.外科治疗包括局部清创引流4例,清创并转移皮瓣1例,单纯去除感染闭塞的人工血管5例(其中1例初次旁路移植时同期截肢),去除感染闭塞的人工血管后截肢3例,1例仅行部分去除感染通畅的人工血管(原闭塞支架再通),1例去除通畅感染的人工血管并一期解剖外镀银涤纶人工血管旁路移植术.结果 保肢9例,截肢4例,1例死于术后心肌梗死,1例清创并转移皮瓣术后伤口未愈出院后失访.随访13例,2例随访中分别因结肠癌和脑出血死亡.生存11例随访1～70个月,平均22.3个月,保肢8例未出现严重缺血或感染症状,截肢3例无特殊.本组累积病死率20%(3/15),截肢率26.7%(4/15),人工血管闭塞率53.3%(8/15).结论 下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染,多数感染的人工血管需取出,如出现严重缺血症状需再次旁路移植,对通畅人工血管的局限性感染也可以考虑保留人工血管.     

Management of prosthetic joint infection

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty. Its management continues to be a major challenge for clinicians, patients, and healthcare providers with significant clinical and financial impacts. Effective management should follow a multidisciplinary approach using the best available evidence, as the combination of correct individualized diagnosis, surgical strategy and antibiotic therapy has been shown to have the highest success rates in the eradication of infection and ensure a favourable clinical outcome. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with the current knowledge in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies of PJI.     

Economic impact of laparoscopic versus open abdominal rectopexy

BACKGROUND: The introduction of new laparoscopic techniques has important cost implications. The aim of this study was to compare the cost effectiveness of laparoscopic rectopexy with that of open abdominal rectopexy for full-thickness rectal prolapse. METHODS: A cost effectiveness study was conducted alongside a randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open abdominal rectopexy. RESULTS: The efficacy trial demonstrated significant subjective and objective differences in favour of the laparoscopic technique. The mean operating time was 51 min longer for laparoscopic rectopexy than for the open procedure. Laparoscopic disposables incurred a mean cost of pound 291 per patient. The mean duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter for the laparoscopic group (P = 0.001). Laparoscopic rectopexy was associated with an overall mean cost saving of pound 357 (95 per cent confidence interval pound 164 to pound 592; P = 0.042) per patient. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic rectopexy is associated with superior clinical outcomes and is cheaper than the open approach.     

Management of patients with prosthetic vascular graft infection

Management of patients with infected prosthetic vascular grafts is one of the most difficult challenges faced by the vascular surgeon. Patients often present with nonspecific symptoms, but delay in treatment can lead to life-threatening sepsis and/or hemorrhage. Fortunately, prosthetic vascular graft infection is uncommon, with the incidence varying between 1 and 6 per cent, depending on the location of the graft. Initially, the potentially infected vascular graft should be imaged using either CT or magnetic resonance imaging, with radionuclide studies being reserved for those instances in which imaging studies do not confirm or exclude the diagnosis of infection. Current treatments for prosthetic vascular graft infection include attempted graft preservation, graft removal with in situ graft replacement (using autogenous or new prosthetic grafts), and graft removal with extra-anatomic bypass. Morbidity and mortality associated with treatment, likelihood of long-term limb salvage, and likelihood of persistent or recurrent infection vary among these types of treatment. Therefore, in an individual patient with a prosthetic vascular graft infection, many things must be considered to appropriately determine the treatment most likely to achieve eradication of the infection and long-term limb salvage with the lowest risk. Regardless, with appropriate application of the techniques currently available for treatment of prosthetic vascular graft infection, long-term elimination of infection and limb preservation can be achieved in the great majority of patients with this grave problem.     

Anorectal function after abdominal rectopexy: parameters of predictive value in identifying return of continence

Posterior abdominal rectopexy was performed in 12 patients with a full-thickness rectal prolapse: 9 had faecal incontinence. The prolapse was successfully controlled in all cases and six of nine patients were rendered continent. Physiological studies in patients were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Preoperative anal pressures were significantly lower than in controls at rest (R), during maximum pelvic floor contraction (Sq) and attempted defaecation (St) (R, P less than 0.005; Sq, P less than 0.005; St, P less than 0.005). Anorectal angles were significantly more obtuse in patients than in controls (R, P less than 0.05; St, P less than 0.025). None of these parameters changed significantly after abdominal rectopexy. Median rectal emptying significantly decreased after operation (preoperative 83 per cent/min; postoperative, 58 per cent/min, P less than 0.05). Median perineal descent during attempted defaecation also significantly decreased after operation (preoperative, 8.5 cm; postoperative, 7.1 cm; P less than 0.025). Parameters which predicted return of continence included: delayed leakage during the saline infusion test (P less than 0.025), a narrow anorectal angle during pelvic floor contraction (P less than 0.025), minimal pelvic floor descent during contraction (P less than 0.05), and a long anal canal at rest (P less than 0.05) and during pelvic floor contraction (P less than 0.025).     

Clinical results of abdominal rectopexy for rectal prolapse.

Abdominal Marlex-mesh rectopexy was used for surgical treatment of rectal prolapse in 54 consecutive patients. Anal incontinence was observed in 43 patients (80%) before surgical treatment. The degree of anal incontinence was more severe in women as compared with men. Operative treatment corrected the pathologic anatomy effectively as only one recurrent prolapse developed. At the follow-up examination three patients had symptomless anal mucosal prolapse during maximal straining. 75% of the incontinent patients regained continence for faeces and the rest had some improvement in continence. Seventeen patients (31%) had postoperative constipation, that required lactulose treatment. In conclusion, abdominal Marlex-mesh rectopexy can be recommended as safe and effective treatment for rectal prolapse, despite some patients developing constipation and some remaining incontinent.     

Fungal prosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty

Fungal prosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a rare complication. Lacunae exist in the management of this complication. 62 year old lady presented with pain and swelling in left knee and was diagnosed as Candida tropicalis fungal infection after TKA. She underwent debridement, resection arthroplasty and antifungal plus antibiotic loaded cement spacer insertion, antifungal therapy with fluconazole followed by delayed revision TKA and further fluconazole therapy. Total duration of fluconazole therapy was 30 weeks. At 2 year followup, she has pain less range of motion of 10^°-90^° and there is no evidence of recurrence of infection.     

Late cutaneous fistulae after prosthetic hernia repair of the abdominal wall

Late cutaneous fistulae, after a hernioplasty operation for a hernia in the abdominal wall, represent an unusual complication. They can appear a considerable time after a hernioplasty operation and feature the presence of a fistula between the prosthesis and the cutaneous wall. The Authors report the cases of five patients who developed late cutaneous fistulae after an operation for the repair of a hernia of the abdominal wall and the treatment established in the end to correct the existing complication. All five patients were subjected to a second operation to achieve recovery. In fact, conservative medical treatment, before the operation, using antibiotic-therapy for this purpose proved to be ineffective. Only one patient developed hernia recurrence after surgical treatment. Late cutaneous fistulae represent a complication that is difficult to deal with as their treatment has yet to be clearly identified.     

无张力疝修补术后16例补片感染的临床分析

目的评价无张力疝修补术后补片感染的发生率、危险因素以及治疗方法。方法回顾性调查无张力疝修补术968例,分析术前、术中、术后的各种因素以及补片的感染率。结果 968例患者中有16例术后发生补片感染,补片感染率为1.65%。补片感染的危险因素:肥胖(P=0.029),糖尿病(P=0.010),疝的类型(P0.01),是否急诊手术(P=0.022),手术时间180min(P=0.012)。11例PPL补片(聚丙烯补片)感染中有7例运用了保守的治疗方法治愈,而e-PTFE补片(膨化聚四氟乙烯补片)以及复合补片的感染需要取出补片。结论产生补片感染的因素很多;有效的运用抗生素和引流可以解决大多数的聚丙烯PPL补片的感染,但膨化聚四氟乙烯e-PTFE补片需要及早的取出以解决补片感染。     

人工关节置换术后早期感染的治疗措施

目的探讨人工关节置换术后早期感染治疗的措施及临床疗效。方法对13例(髋关节9例、膝关节4例)人工关节置换术后感染的患者采用"抗生素全身治疗、局部彻底清创、持续灌洗引流和碘伏间歇保留灌洗"多重措施治疗。结果患者感染早期均得到了控制。随访1~10年,未见感染复发,关节功能良好。结论早期强有力和足疗程的抗感染治疗、早期彻底的清创加持续灌洗引流、碘伏间歇保留灌洗配合抗生素治疗是成功治疗人工关节置换术后早期感染的3个关键措施。     

腹部手术后并发肺部感染的危险因素

将1996年8月～1997年12月间312例腹部手术病人分为肺部感染组（43例）和正常组（269例）。对12个可能的危险因素即年龄、肥胖、吸烟、原有呼吸道疾病、入院时白蛋白水平、术前住院时间、胃肠道手术、留置胃管、全麻病人、上腹部切口、术中失血量、手术时间等进行对比分析。其结果显示,腹部手术后肺部感染的危险因素为年龄≥65岁、肥胖、原有呼吸道疾病、上腹部切口、术中失血≥1200ml。预防措施为术前控制体重,进行胸部理疗,术中尽量减少失血。     

腹部手术后引流管的管理策略

放置引流管是治疗腹部疾患和防治术后并发症的重要措施,也是争议最多的技术之一[1]。尽管手术技术有了很大提高,引流材料也不断改进,但因引流管管理不当带来的并发症,并非鲜有报道。这些并发症不仅延长了住院时间、加重了治疗负担,而且对患者及其家属身心造成不良影响。结合临床工作经验及相关文献报道,对腹部术后引流管管理这一“老生常谈”的问题进行探讨,以便与同道共勉。一、引流管的种类根据放置引流管的目的分为治疗性和预防性引流管。1.治疗性引流管:①感染性疾病如肝脓肿、阑尾周围脓肿及腹腔、盆腔脓肿,放置单腔或双腔的引流管,可…     

Clinical and functional results of abdominal rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse

Between 1977 and 1987, 53 patients underwent polyvinyl alcohol sponge rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse. The mean follow-up period was 36.7 months. Full thickness prolapse recurred in two patients (3.8 per cent). Infection around the prosthesis and faecal impaction developed in two patients each. Continence improved significantly after operation, particularly in those under 70 years of age (P = 0.028, chi 2 test) and nulliparous women (P = 0.026, chi 2 test). Bowel function was generally unchanged after rectopexy; in particular only eight patients (15 per cent) had significant postoperative constipation.