依普拉芬对去卵巢大鼠血清一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的 探讨人工合成的植物雌激素依普拉芬对去卵巢大鼠血清一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶合酶的影响.方法 6个月龄雌性SD大鼠60只分为假手术组(10只SD大鼠)和去卵巢组(50只);再将去卵巢大鼠分为阴性对照组,依普拉芬高、中、低剂量组和雌激素对照组(各10只),分别给予基础饲料和不同剂量的依普拉芬,12周后测定血清NO及NOS.结果 与假手术组相比,去卵巢大鼠阴性对照组血清NO及NOS明显降低,依普拉芬组高于阴性对照组,与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义.同时低于雌激素组.结论 NO及NOS参与了骨质疏松的病理生理过程;依普拉芬可以通过提高去卵巢大鼠血清NO及NOS浓度达到防治绝经后骨质疏松症的作用.     

依普拉芬对去卵巢大鼠骨力学性能的影响

目的研究依普拉芬对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和骨生物力学指标变化的影响。方法腹腔手术切除大鼠双侧卯巢,分为阴性对照组,依普拉芬低、中、高剂量组和雌激素对照组,另设一假手术组,分别给予基础饲料和不同剂量受试物,12周后进行骨密度和生物力学测定。结果大鼠去卵巢后骨密度显著下降,股骨的力学性能指标有较大变化。给予依普拉芬后,可使骨密度显著提高,存在一定的剂量-效应关系,弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量明显增加,但其作用均高于雌激素对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。结论依普拉芬可增加去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度、改善部分骨生物力学性能。     

雄激素对大鼠主动脉一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮体系的调节

目的：研究雄激素对大鼠主动脉一氧化氮合酶／一氧化氮(NOS／NO)体系的影响，以探讨雄激素对心血管系统的作用。方法：将30只雄性大鼠随机分为三个组，每组10只，去卵巢组(A组)、去卵巢 雄激素组(B组)、假手术组(C组)。正常饮食2个月后处死大鼠，测血清雄激素、主动脉匀浆一氧化氮合酶活性及一氧化氮含量。结果：同假手术组相比。去势大鼠主动脉匀浆NOS活性及NO含量显著降低，在补充适量的雄激素后．主动脉匀浆NOS活性及NO含量显著上升。结论：雄激素可以调节大鼠动脉内一氧化氮合酶／一氧化氮体系，可能是其调节血管张力的作用机制。     

瑞芬太尼对子宫切除术患者血清一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶影响

目的观察瑞芬太尼对子宫切除术患者血清中一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的影响。方法将择期行腹腔镜子宫切除术的患者(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级)60例随机分为芬太尼组和瑞芬太尼组,每组各30例。芬太尼组麻醉维持采用芬太尼和异丙酚;瑞芬太尼组麻醉维持采用瑞芬太尼和异丙酚。于麻醉前、术毕时抽取静脉血,检测血清NO、NOS水平。结果与麻醉前比较,术毕时2组患者血清NO、NOS均降低(P<0.05);术毕时瑞芬太尼组血清NO、NOS明显高于芬太尼组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜CO2气腹可导致患者血清NO、NOS增高,与芬太尼相比,瑞芬太尼能减轻术后早期应激反应。     

糖皮质激素对双氯氛酸钠肝损伤大鼠一氧化氮合酶及一氧化氮的影响

目的探讨糖皮质激素地塞米松(Dex)对双氯氛酸钠(Dcf)肝损伤大鼠一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达及一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法大鼠随机分为正常组、Dcf组及Dex组。Dcf组给予Dcf 100 mg/kg腹腔注射,Dex组在Dcf注射前1 h予10 mg/kg腹腔注射,24 h后测血清ALT、AST、TBil水平观察肝组织病理学变化,化学法检测血清及肝组织NO含量,免疫组化法检测肝组织内皮型NOS(eNOS)和诱导型NOS(iNOS)的表达。结果 Dcf组血清ALT、AST、TBil水平明显升高(P<0.05),病理积分大幅度增高,血清和肝组织NO含量明显高于正常组(P<0.01),肝组织iNOS表达显著增强(P<0.01),eNOS表达减弱。Dex可明显改善升高的转氨酶及病理积分(P<0.05),并降低肝组织iNOS表达及NO含量(P<0.05)。结论 iNOS和NO在Dcf肝损伤中起促进作用,糖皮质激素可能通过抑制体内iNOS表达,减少NO合成起到肝保护作用。     

高压氧对脑梗死后血清一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶含量的影响

目的 研究高压氧对脑梗死后血清一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶含量的影响。方法 将脑梗死患者分为高压氧治疗组和非高压氧治疗组,观察不同病期血清一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶含量的变化,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果 高压氧治疗组一氧化氮含量较非高压氧治疗组上升快,在治疗后15天恢复正常,但在一疗程高压氧治疗结束后,却又有所下降;一氧化氮合酶含量在治疗后均有上升,未能恢复到正常水平,两组之间无差异。结论 高压氧通过提高NO的含量,减轻缺血区脑组织的损伤,改善脑血循环;高压氧对NOS有一定影响,但作用不大;应适当延长高压氧疗程,尽可能缓解因NOS含量下降所造成的NO释放量不足。     

一氧化氮合酶在大鼠卵巢、子宫内的定位

本文应用组织化学方法对大鼠卵巢、子宫内的一氧化氮合酶进行了研究,发现卵巢的卵泡细胞、内层细胞膜细胞、间质细胞及子宫的上皮细胞均有此酶分布,阳性着色特异地存在于胞浆。本文还讨论了一氧化氮的细胞内作用机制及意义。     

一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶在成年与老年大鼠前列腺中的变化

目的:研究一氧化氮(NO)及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在成年与老年大鼠前列腺中的变化,探讨在大鼠前列腺老年化过程中的临床意义。方法:取4月龄及20月龄SD雄性大鼠各6只,分别取前列腺组织匀浆,检测其NO与NOS活性。结果:老年组大鼠的NO与NOS活性明显低于成年组(P<0.05)。结论:老年大鼠前列腺组织中NO水平及NOS活性的降低可能与前列腺良性增生及功能减退有关。     

一氧化氮合酶抑制研究进展

一氧化氮具有广泛的生理功能，但过量产生或释放时能介导多种疾病的发生，一氧化氮合酶抑制剂可阻止一氧化氮过量合成，因此具有治疗价值，本文拟对近年来一氧化氮合酶抑制剂的研究进展作了一概述。     

贫铀对大鼠肺诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因表达的影响

目的通过研究贫铀(depleted uranium,DU)颗粒气管灌注大鼠肺中的诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)基因表达的变化,揭示DU对肺组织的毒性作用机制。方法Wistar大鼠20只随机分为4组,1个对照组,3个染铀组,剂量分别为1、3、5 mg/ml气管灌注不同剂量DU颗粒3个月后,将大鼠肺组织iNOS mRNA进行RT-PCR并通过凝胶成像分析系统扫描RT-PCR产物,用内参半定量法分析iNOS mRNA的变化。结果对照组无iNOS mRNA表达,各染铀组扩增产物电泳条带吸光度值(A)明显高于对照组(P<0.05);其中13、mg组产物电泳条带A值逐渐增高,3 mg组到达高峰,5 mg组产物电泳条带A值明显低于13、mg组(P<0.05)。结论DU颗粒气管灌注能使大鼠肺组织iNOS mRNA表达水平升高,并与DU剂量呈正相关。DU剂量增高到一定程度则使iNOS mRNA表达水平降低,这种变化可能与DU化学毒性和辐射损伤的复合作用有关。     

水蛭乙醇提取物对大鼠血脂和一氧化氮及其合酶影响

目的 研究水蛭乙醇提取物对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂和一氧化氮及其合酶的影响.方法 将50只大鼠分为5组,即正常对照组、高脂对照组和低、中、高3个剂量的实验组,每组10只,分离血清TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c、NOS、iNOS、cNOS活性,采用试剂盒法测定;NO采用硝酸还原酶法测定,比较其差异.结果 水蛭乙醇提取物能明显降低大鼠体内TC、TG、LDL-c、NO浓度,给予水蛭乙醇提取物组血清NOS、iNOS活性降低,cNOS活性升高.结论 水蛭乙醇提取物能调节高脂血症大鼠血脂代谢及纠正NO代谢紊乱.     

Involvement of nitric oxide synthesis in hepatic perturbations induced in rats by a necrogenic dose of thioacetamide

1. The biological actions of nitric oxide (NO), a highly diffusible and short-lived radical, range from signal transduction to cytotoxicity. The present study investigated whether NO is released in the course of liver necrosis and regeneration induced by a single necrogenic dose of thioacetamide (6.6 mmol kg⁻¹ body wt) to rats. Samples of liver were obtained at 0, 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after thioacetamide administration.
2. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was determined in purified liver homogenates and a sharp 6 fold increase (P<0.001) in iNOS activity was recorded at 48 h of intoxication, followed by a slight but progressive increase at 72 and 96 h. Changes in the expression of iNOS, as detected by its mRNA levels, were parallel to the NOS enzyme activity. Hepatocyte NO synthesis showed a progressive increase at 24, 48 and 72 h, to 8 (P<0.001), 13 (P<0.001) and 13 (P<0.001) times the initial values, respectively.
3. In isolated Kupffer cells, where initial NO release was ten fold higher than in hepatocytes, a progressive increase was detected from 48 h which reached two fold of initial at 72 h of intoxication (192%, P<0.001). Hepatic cyclic GMP concentration did not change significantly. However, mitochondrial aconitase activity decreased markedly at 12 and 24 h of intoxication showing a sharp increase towards normal values at 48 h which was maintained at 72 and 96 h.
4. As protein kinase C (PKC) is one of the likely candidates to mediate iNOS expression, translocation (activation) of PKC was assayed in hepatocytes, and a significant two fold increase (P<0.001) between 48 and 96 h after thioacetamide intoxication was observed. When peritoneal macrophages from control rats were incubated with serum from thioacetamide-treated rats, a sharp increase in NO release was detected with serum obtained at 48 h, reaching at 96 h a value four fold (P<0.001) that of the control.
5. These results suggest that iNOS activity and NO release play a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms that trigger post-necrotic hepatocellular regeneration following thioacetamide administration.

     

挤压伤后丙二醛和一氧化氮的变化

目的 观察挤压伤后脂质过氧化物的终产物－丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO）含量变化。方法 复制挤压伤的大鼠模型，测定正常和挤压伤后平均动脉压（MAP）和血浆MDA、NO的含量变化，检测解压2h后心、肝、肾、小肠组织的MDA和NO含量。结果 解压后挤压伤组MAP值均低于对照组，血浆和组织中MDA、NO均高于对照组，并有统计学意义。结论 挤压伤后组织器官损伤与缺血再灌注有关，氧自由基和一氧化氮产生增多是其重要的机制。     

Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in rats

RATIONALE: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors may modulate the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine because they alter dopamine (DA) release. OBJECTIVES: The effects of the NOS inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 7-nitro-indazole (7-NI) were examined in experiments designed to better understand the mechanisms that may underlie the interactions between NOS inhibitors and cocaine. METHODS: Rats were trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg cocaine from saline, and then substitution and pretreatment tests with L-NAME and 7-NI were conducted. To determine if the combined effects of NOS inhibitors and cocaine might be related to DA mechanisms and/or to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mechanisms, substitution tests with other indirect DA agonists and NMDA antagonists were carried out in the presence and absence of L-NAME. In addition, the roles of the D1 and D2 families of DA receptors in mediating the cocaine-altering effects of L-NAME and 7-NI were examined in antagonism tests using SCH 23390 and haloperidol, respectively. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that neither NOS inhibitor alone substituted for the 10 mg/kg cocaine training dose, but when given as a pretreatment, 100 mg/kg L-NAME as well as 10 mg/kg 7-NI enhanced the discriminative stimulus and rate-decreasing effects of cocaine. L-NAME pretreatment also enhanced the potency of (+)-amphetamine and GBR 12909, but not MK-801, phencyclidine, or NPC 17742, for producing discriminative stimulus and rate-decreasing effects in substitution tests. Further testing showed that the cocaine-enhancing effects of L-NAME and 7-NI were attenuated by doses of haloperidol and SCH 23390 that minimally altered the effects of cocaine alone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that L-NAME and 7-NI may increase the potency of cocaine and other indirect DA agonists through a central mechanism whereby DA neurotransmission is directly enhanced by NOS inhibition.     

一氧化氮与一氧化氮合成酶在妊高征疾病过程中的变化及其意义

目的:探讨一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)在妊高征发病过程中的致病机理及其临床意义。方法:用分光光度计对正常妊娠孕妇34例(正常妊娠组)和妊高征孕妇39例(妊高征组)的血浆 NO和脐静脉血管内皮细胞 NOS 活性进行测定比较。结果:与正常妊娠组相比,妊高征组产前 NO 活性明显低于对照组(P<0.01),重度妊高征的降低尤其显著,但产后各组无显著差异;妊高征组脐血 NO 水平和跻静脉血管内皮细胞 NOS 活性明显低于正常组;正常妊娠组脐血 NO 水平比其外周血高;妊高征患者外周血 NO 水平与平均动脉压(MAP)呈显著负相关。讨论:NO 的合成、释放减少及 NOS 活性降低在妊高征的病理生理过程中起着重要作用。     

一氧化氮对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的影响

目的　研究一氧化氮 (NO)在肝纤维化发病中的作用。方法　建立大鼠肝纤维化模型 ,给予NO前体———L 精氨酸 (L Arg)及一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)抑制剂———硝基 L 精氨酸 (L NNA) ,应用病理组织学检查、放免法及生化学方法 ,观察其对肝纤维化程度、透明质酸 (HA)含量、谷 草转氨酶 (AST)及谷 丙转氨酶 (ALT)活性的影响 ,同时测定NO、一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)水平变化。结果　NO能明显降低肝纤维化程度、HA含量、AST及ALT活性。结论　NO对大鼠具有保护肝细胞和抗肝纤维化作用     

血清一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶体系与轻度胃肠炎合并婴幼儿良性惊厥的相关性研究

目的探讨一氧化氮(NO)及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)体系在轻度胃肠炎合并婴幼儿良性惊厥(BICE)发病机制中的作用。方法收集2010年1月至2012年7月于山西省儿童医院诊治的BICE患儿40例、热性惊厥患儿26例、轮状病毒肠炎患儿14例及同期门诊体检的健康儿童30名,分别采用硝酸还原酶法、酶测定法检测血清中NO水平,总一氧化氮合酶(TNOS)水平及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)水平。结果 BICE组患儿血清NO及iNOS水平明显高于健康儿童、热性惊厥组及轮状病毒肠炎组患儿(P<0.05),但TNOS水平各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BICE严重组及普通组患儿血清NO水平差异无统计学意义(t=1.25,P>0.05),BICE轮状病毒阳性组与阴性组患儿血清中NO水平差异无统计学意义(t=1.12,P>0.05)。结论 iNOS增加而导致的NO水平升高,可能与BICE患者的发病有关。     

Lipoic acid decreases exhaled nitric oxide concentrations in anesthetized endotoxemic rats

We recently demonstrated that lipoic acid suppresses endotoxin-stimulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages. In this study, we tested whether lipoic acid suppresses these inflammatory mediators in the lungs of rats. Rats were assigned to receive either no special treatment, endotoxin alone, or pretreatment with lipoic acid followed by endotoxin. After anesthetizing the rats and injecting them intraperitoneally with lipoic acid (100 mg/kg) at 4 h and again at 1 h before treatment, the rats then received either endotoxin (0.01 mg/kg) or its vehicle solution. Exhaled gas was sampled every 15 min and concentrations of nitric oxide in the samples were measured using a chemiluminescence analyzer. After 150 min of exposure to endotoxin, the lungs were harvested and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for subsequent analysis. Lipoic acid attenuated endotoxin-induced increases in exhaled nitric oxide concentrations (P<0.001) and iNOS (P<0.05). These findings support the hypothesis that lipoic acid inhibits endotoxin-stimulated formation of intrapulmonary nitric oxide.