髌股关节置换术治疗单纯髌股关节炎的疗效研究

目的:探讨髌股关节置换术治疗单纯髌股关节炎的临床疗效。方法 :2013年7月至2017年6月行髌股关节置换术患者35例42膝,女34例,男1例;年龄45～70(55.0±8.2)岁;病程6～36(13.7±2.5)个月。术前及末次随访时对患者进行牛津膝关节评分,末次随访时对患者进行手术满意度评估,另摄膝关节正侧位X线片及髌骨轴位片,评估有无假体松动,记录患者术后出现的血肿、关节感染等并发症。结果:35例患者42膝随访时间18～65(35.0±7.2)个月,手术时间(56.2±8.7) min。牛津膝关节评分由术前(28.14±0.36)分提高至术后末次随访(37.19±0.47)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中疼痛项目评分由术前(10.12±0.26)分提高至术后末次随访(15.83±0.30)分,功能项目评分由术前(18.02±0.13)分提高至术后末次随访(21.36±0.23)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有1例患者双膝术后早期出现伤口线结反应,经清创后好转;另1例术后5周出现伤口周围红肿,经抗生素治疗后好转;1例术后1个月出现股四头肌缝合处撕裂,...     

Patellofemoral arthroplasty versus total knee arthroplasty in patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis

We identified all patients at our institution who underwent patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) as treatment for isolated patellofemoral arthritis (PA) between January 2003 and December 2005. Twenty-three PFA and 22 TKA patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 60 years and 69 years, respectively (P = .01). Mean follow-up was 29 months (range, 24 to 49 months) in the PFA group and 27 months (range, 24 to 33 months) in the TKA group. Mean postoperative Knee Society Clinical Rating System scores were 89 and 90 in the PFA and TKA cohorts, respectively. Mean UCLA scores were 6.6 and 4.2, respectively (P<.0001). Mean blood loss (P = .03) and hospital stay (P = .001) were significantly lower among PFA patients. Linear regression analysis showed that blood loss, hospital stay, and functional outcomes were not affected by age as an independent variable. No significant complications occurred in the PFA group. There was one deep vein thrombosis in the TKA group. We conclude that PFA yields clinical outcomes comparable to that of TKA as treatment for isolated PA and may be a less invasive option for this select subgroup of patients.     

Patient-based outcomes in patellofemoral arthroplasty

This retrospective study evaluated the short-term functional outcome of patellofemoral arthroplasty using patient-based outcome measures. The study cohort included 17 patients who underwent patellofemoral arthroplasty (14 unilateral and 3 bilateral) between 1996 and 2005. Mean patient age was 56 years (range, 43-65 years), and mean follow-up was 52.5 months (range, 24-84 months). Clinical and radiographic assessment was performed using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score. Functional assessment was performed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Mean HSS knee score was 64 (range, 51-79) preoperatively and 90 (range, 71-100) postoperatively. Mean postoperative SF-36 scores were compared with normative data compiled by the British Omnibus Survey in 1992. Scores for physical and social functioning, role limitation due to physical and emotional problems, and pain were poorer compared with mental health and energy/vitality. Mean postoperative scores for the 5 KOOS subscales ranged from 51% to 72%. These findings indicate patient-based outcome measures should be used routinely for functional assessment of patients undergoing patellofemoral arthroplasty.     

Patellofemoral arthroplasty: the impact of design on outcomes

The results of patellofemoral arthroplasty have been improved over the three decades that the procedure has been used for the treatment of patellofemoral arthritis. Specifically, there has been a reduction in the incidence of patellofemoral-related problems, such as patellar maltracking and catching, after patellofemoral arthroplasty. While these problems were often attributed to errors in surgical technique or component malposition, it is likely that many were related to flawed trochlear component designs. Contemporary patellofemoral arthroplasties have a reduced incidence of the problems related to patellar maltracking that typically plagued earlier generation designs. Further study will likely prove contemporary patellofemoral arthroplasty to be an effective treatment for the management of isolated patellofemoral arthritis, with predictable outcomes and a low incidence of complications.     

Total knee arthroplasty in patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis.

The current study evaluated the results of total knee arthroplasty for the treatment of isolated patellofemoral degenerative arthritis. Between 1980 and 1997, 31 total knee arthroplasties were done in 24 patients with advanced, isolated patellofemoral arthritis. The average followup was 5.2 years (range, 2-12 years). There was a significant improvement in the mean preoperative Knee Society pain and function scores. Twenty-one knees required a lateral retinacular release and three knees required additional formal proximal realignment at the time of the total knee arthroplasty. There were three reoperations in this series including, manipulation for poor motion in one patient; revision of a loose patellar component in one patient; and extensor mechanism realignment in the third patient. At midterm followup, total knee arthroplasty proved to be reliable and durable in alleviating pain and improving function in this group of patients with isolated, advanced patellofemoral arthritis. Surgeons should be made aware, however, that resurfacing of the patella and balancing the extensor mechanism for patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis can be demanding technically as evidenced by the high rate of asymmetrically resurfaced patellas, the high rate of lateral retinacular release, and formal realignment procedures.     

髌股关节置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗单纯髌股关节骨关节炎的Meta分析

目的目的比较髌股关节置换术（PFA）与全膝关节置换术（TKA）治疗单纯髌股关节骨关节炎（PFOA）的失败率,评价两种不同治疗选择的疗效差异。方法检索Medline、Embase、CBM数据库,收集单纯髌股关节骨关节炎（PFOA）行PFA或TKA的临床试验,提取数据,采用Meta—Analyst3．13进行Meta分析。结果纳入39个回顾性临床试验,髌股关节置换1599膝,全膝关节置换患267膝。总的PFA组（包括第一代、第二代PFA）失败率13．6％[95％CI（0．103,0．176）];TKA组失败率1．8％[95％CI（0．007,0．044）];第一代PFA假体失败率19％[95％CI（0．143,0．247）];第二代PFA假体失败率8．3％[95％CI（0．053,0．128）]。结论PFOA患者行PFA的失败率比TKA高,需要再手术或翻修,这与假体设计和适应证的选择有关。第二代PFA假体翻修率与第一代相比明显降低。     

髌股关节置换术治疗单纯髌股关节骨关节炎

 目的 探讨髌股关节置换术治疗单纯髌股关节骨关节炎的疗效和影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2014年12月,采用髌股关节置换术治疗并获得随访的18例单纯髌股关节骨关节炎患者资料,男3例,女15例;年龄46~74岁,平均54岁;术前美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（hospital for special surgery knee score,HSS）为44~63分,平均（53.28±5.71）分;疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）为4~7分,平均（5.33±0.99）分。术前根据临床症状、体征和影像学资料严格把握手术指征,其中11例采用AVON髌股关节假体（Stryker公司）,7例采用Gender Solutions髌股关节假体（Zimmer公司）。术后第1天患膝即开始行主动和被动功能康复锻炼。结果 18例患者术后均获得随访,随访时间6~104个月,平均63.98个月。VAS,术后1个月（1.17±0.79）分（范围,0~3 分）,术后3个月（0.72±0.67）分（范围,0~2 分）,术后9个月疼痛基本消失;HSS,术后1个月（70.06±6.33）分（范围,61~80分）,术后3个月（86.06±5.12）分（范围,77~95分）,术后9个月（91.39±4.83）分（范围,82~97分）,末次随访（92.06±4.05）分（范围,84~97分）,其中优15例、良3例,优良率100%,较术前有明显改善。患者主观满意率94.4%（17/18）。1例患者术后2年再次出现上下楼梯时膝前疼痛,给予非甾体类抗炎药和适当减少活动后症状缓解。随访期间无一例患者出现切口感染、髌骨脱位、假体松动等并发症。结论 髌股关节置术后疗效与手术适应证、假体设计、手术技巧等因素密切相关,在选用合适的髌股关节假体、严格把握手术适应证、掌握好手术技巧及积极术后康复功能锻炼等基础上,采用髌股关节置换术治疗单纯髌股关节骨关节炎可以获得良好的疗效。     

Results of total knee replacement for isolated patellofemoral arthritis: when not to perform a patellofemoral arthroplasty

Many procedures have been used to treat advanced isolated patellofemoral arthritis, with varying results. Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is a bone-conserving procedure that has shown short-term success but has relatively high revision rates. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been recommended for treatment of this disease in patients who are older than 60 years of age. Recent literature indicates that PFA is most successful in patients who have isolated patellofemoral arthritis secondary to trochlear dysplasia or patellar fracture and in patients who are younger than 60 years; TKA is recommended for older patients who have primary or idiopathic isolated patellofemoral arthritis.     

Total hip arthroplasty in patients 55 years or younger: Risk factors for poor midterm outcomes

Background

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasingly performed in younger patients. The purpose of this study is to report on the midterm outcomes of primary cementless THA in patients 55 years and younger; and specifically to examine the risk factors for aseptic failure, all-cause revision, and mortality in this patient population.

Total knee arthroplasty in patients 40 years and younger

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a procedure with excellent clinical results in older patients with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Many younger patients undergo unicompartmental or high tibial osteotomy rather than TKA, but are not always good candidates for these joint-preserving procedures. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of patients 40 years of age and under who underwent TKA. We identified 33 patients (38 knees) who were 40 years of age or less at the time of surgery. These patients had a mean age of 36 years (range, 23 to 40 years), and were followed for a mean of 49 months (range, 16 to 101 months). The survival rate in the study cohort was 97%. For the young patient who is not a candidate for other types of joint preserving procedures, in the senior authors' experience total knee arthroplasties have performed well.     

Total hip arthroplasty in patients 50 years and younger

Because the young patient with a total hip arthroplasty is presumed to place increased demands on a reconstruction for a longer period than the average patient with a hip replacement, long-term results are expected to be inferior. To determine the efficacy of total hip replacements in this population, the current authors reviewed the long-term results of patients who were 50 years and younger who had cementless total hip arthroplasties at their institution, and reviewed the literature on total hip arthroplasty in younger patients. The results from the study population and the literature were encouraging. At the author's institute, during the past 20 years, 561 hip replacements were done on 488 patients in this age group, using extensively porous-coated cobalt-chromium stems matched with beaded, press-fit acetabular components of cobalt-chrome or titanium. Using the Kaplan-Meier technique, the survival rates for femoral and acetabular components, using any revision as an end point, were 89% at 10-year followup and 60% at 15-year followup. A subset of the authors' patients who were 40 years and younger (256 hips, 223 patients) had slightly inferior results, with 85% 10-year survivorship and 54% 15-year survivorship, using any revision as an end point. A comprehensive literature review also showed that long-term success can be achieved with cemented or cementless total hip arthroplasties in young patients. Because some reconstructions exhibited inferior results in younger patients, the authors recommend that surgeons be much more critical of the components used in these patients and allow long-term data to guide their decisions.