Ⅲa-pN2非小细胞肺癌术后同步放化疗与单纯化疗随机对照研究

目的 通过随机对照研究、比较非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者放化疗（POCRT）和单纯化疗（POCT）的疗效。方法 对术后140例病理分期为Ⅲ_a-pN₂的NSCLC患者用随机信封法分为POCRT组和POCT组,每组70例。两组化疗方案均采用紫杉醇和顺铂,共化疗4个周期。在第1、21、43、64天给予紫杉醇175 mg/m²,顺铂60 mg/m²静脉滴注。POCRT组在化疗的第1天给予同期放疗,50.4 Gy/28次。结果 POCRT组5年总生存率为37.9%;POCT组5年总生存率为27.5%,POCRT组死亡风险比为0.69（95%CI,0.457~1.044,χ²=3.224,P>0.05）。POCRT组5年无复发生存率为30.3%;POCT组5年无复发生存率为18.8%,POCT组复发风险比为1.49（95%CI,1.008~2.204,χ²=4.193,P<0.05）。亚组分析显示POCRT组能明显提高pN₂淋巴结≥2枚患者总生存率（χ²=5.308,P<0.05）。POCRT组复发率（χ²=5.308,P<0.05）和远处转移率（χ²=3.840,P<0.05）均显著低于POCT组。POCRT组1例患者死于脓毒血症,POCRT组发生3,4级放射性食管炎高于POCT组（χ²=8.010,P<0.05）,两组血液学毒性相似且可耐受。结论 和POCT相比,POCRT能减少 Ⅲ_a-pN₂的非小细胞肺癌患者的局部复发率和远处转移率,提高无复发生存率,POCRT未能提高总生存率。     

53例颈椎受侵鼻咽癌的常规和调强放疗疗效分析

目的 比较颈椎受侵局部晚期鼻咽癌患者使用调强放疗（IMRT）和常规放疗的临床疗效及不良反应。方法 收集2006年1月至2012年12月颈椎受侵无远处转移的初治鼻咽癌患者53例,其中调强放疗24例,肿瘤靶区剂量72~74 Gy/33次。常规放疗29例,靶区剂量68~74 Gy /34~37次。全部患者接受顺铂+氟尿嘧啶方案的同步化疗及放疗后4~6周期的辅助化疗。结果 调强组和常规组3年总生存率为87.7%和65.5%,5年总生存率为45.5%和9.1%（χ²=6.89,P<0.05）;两组间的局部无进展3 年生存率分别为87.4%和69.9%,5年生存率为49.4%和9.4%（χ²=13.26,P<0.05）。但两组间的无远处转移3年生存率为94.4%和40.8%,5年生存率为 79.8%和30.4%,差异无统计学意义。N分期（χ²=8.53,P<0.05）和调强放疗（χ²=8.02,P<0.05）为患者总生存率及无进展生存率的相关因素。调强组放疗后口干的发生率显著低于常规组（Z=-2.67,P<0.05）,两组患者急性口咽黏膜炎和骨髓不良反应的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论 与常规放疗相比,颈椎受侵局部晚期鼻咽癌患者行调强放疗能明显提高局部控制率和总生存率,但未能降低远处转移率;同时,调强放疗可以降低口干等不良反应发生率。     

淋巴结阳性的食管癌患者术后预防性放射治疗的回顾性研究

目的 回顾性分析淋巴结阳性的食管癌患者术后放射治疗的意义。方法 自1999年9月至2005年10月,选择260例代表不同淋巴结转移状态的食管癌根治性手术切除患者进行研究。其中, 单纯手术组(A组)130例,术后放疗组(B组)130例。根据淋巴结转移的个数分为3个亚组,A1组(无淋巴结转移)42例,A2组(淋巴结转移个数1~3枚)43例,A3组(淋巴结转移个数≥4枚)45例;B1组(无淋巴结转移)43例,B2组(淋巴结转移个数1~3枚)44例,B3组(淋巴结转移个数≥4枚)43例。结果 (1) A和B组的1、3、5年总生存率分别为71.5％、35.4％、20.0％和76.2％、48.5％、36.2％(χ²=7.822,P<0.05)。A1和B1组、A2和B2组及A3和B3组的1、3、5年生存率分别为83.3％、52.3％、38.1％和81.3％、58.1％、46.5％(χ²=0.283,P>0.05),69.8％、34.9％、18.6％和77.3％、47.7％、40.9％(χ²=4.188,P<0.05)及62.2％、20.0％、4.4％和69.8％、39.5％、20.9％(χ²=6.168,P<0.05);B2和B3组生存率分别为40.9％与20.9%(χ²=4.213,P<0.05)。(2)A1和B1组、A2和B2组及A3和B3组的5年累计淋巴结转移率分别为30.9％和11.6％(χ²=4.753,P<0.05),53.4％和22.7％(χ²=8.741,P<0.05)及 66.7％和30.2％(χ²=11.682,P<0.05)。(3)A1和B1组、A2和B2组及A3和B3组的5年血行转移率分别为11.9％和13.9％(χ²=0.079,P>0.05),20.9％和20.4％(χ²=0.003,P>0.05)及31.1％和25.6％(χ²=0.203,P>0.05)。结论 术后放疗可以提高淋巴结阳性患者的生存率,降低放疗部位的淋巴结转移率,血行转移随淋巴结转移数的增加而增加。     

调强放疗联合顺铂治疗宫颈癌的临床观察

目的 观察宫颈癌患者调强放疗（IMRT）联合顺铂治疗疗效及不良反应。方法 回顾性分析100例宫颈癌患者,按治疗方法不同分为单纯治疗组和联合治疗组,每组各50例,均给予IMRT外照射,总剂量为50 Gy,2 Gy/次,共25次,5次/周;外照射2周时开始行内照射,1次/周,6~7 Gy/次,共6~8次,总剂量为42~48 Gy。联合治疗组加顺铂同步化疗,静脉滴注,1次/周,30~40 mg/m²,连用4~5周。观察近期疗效和1、3、5年生存率,局部控制率、远处转移率和无瘤生存率,并评价两组患者的不良反应。结果 联合治疗组与单纯治疗组比较,近期疗效及1年生存率,局部控制率、远处转移率、无瘤生存率无明显差异,联合治疗组的3年与5年生存率、局部控制率、远处转移率、无瘤生存率均优于单纯治疗组（χ²=3.843、4.336、4.336、4.960,P<0.05;χ²=3.934、4.454、4.000、4.244, P<0.05）。联合治疗组放射性直肠炎、白细胞总反应率高于单纯治疗组（χ²=4.110、4.320,P<0.05）,两组膀胱炎、贫血、血小板总反应率比较无差异,均未出现3~4级直肠炎和膀胱炎。结论 IMRT联合顺铂同步化疗治疗宫颈癌比单纯IMRT疗效好。     

鼻咽癌常规和超分割后加速放疗的疗效分析

目的 比较鼻咽癌常规和超分割后加速放疗的局部控制率和生存率。 方法 200例初治鼻咽癌患者根据计算机产生的随机数入常规组和超分割后加速放疗组,鼻咽原发灶采用⁶⁰Co γ射线或6 MV X射线外照射,常规组70 Gy/35次/7周,超分割后加速放疗组前4周采用超分割1.2 Gy/次,剂量为48 Gy/40次,后2周加速超分割1.5 Gy/次,剂量为30 Gy/20次,均为2次/d,间隔≥6 h,5 d/周。结果 常规组99例中,远处转移25例、鼻咽复发25例、颈部复发16例;超分割后加速放疗组101例中,远处转移18例、鼻咽复发16例、颈部复发13例。常规组和超分割后加速组5年鼻咽局部控制率分别为75.9%、87.6% (χ²=4.066, P<0.05),总生存率分别为58.0%、74.1%(χ²=5.076, P<0.05),5年无远处转移率分别为74.1%、83.3%(P> 0.05),颈部局部控制率分别为81.5%、90.0%(P> 0.05)。结论 与常规分割相比,超分割后加速放疗组提高了鼻咽局部控制率和总生存率,未减少颈部复发和远处转移率。     

磁共振弥散加权成像在食管癌放疗疗效评价中的应用价值探讨

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）在食管癌放疗疗效评价中的应用价值。方法 74例食管鳞癌患者接受三维适形放疗或调强放疗, 处方剂量56~61.2 Gy,单次1.8~2 Gy。放疗前、放疗末及放疗后1~3个月行DWI检查,用食管钡餐造影、DWI高信号消失情况、表面弥散系数（ADC）对放疗疗效进行评价,并与预后相结合进行生存分析。结果 中位随访时间22个月,随访率98.7%。放疗末DWI高信号消失组23例,1、2年生存率分别为82.6%、68.5%;放疗后1~3个月消失组40例,1、2年生存率分别为74.5%、49.2%;始终未消失组11例,1年生存率9.1%,生存期最长17个月（χ²=39.78,P<0.05）。造影评价完全缓解47例中,20例放疗末DWI高信号消失;23例放疗后1~3个月消失,其1、2年生存率分别为80%、64.3%和86.7%、66.1%;高信号始终未消失4例,生存期4~7个月（χ²=37.80,P<0.05）。造影评价为部分缓解的26例中,3例放疗末高信号消失;17例放疗后1~3个月高信号消失,1、2年生存率为58.8%、19.3%、高信号始终未消失6例,生存期4~17个月（χ²=11.72,P<0.05）。患者正常食管组织的ADC₀、食管肿瘤放疗前的ADC₁及放疗末的ADC₂值分别为（3.12±0.53）、（1.64±0.48）、（2.65±0.58）s/mm²,疗末ADC₂/ADC₀≤90%组（40例）与>90%组（34例）1、2年生存率分别为56.4%、28.2%和83.1%、75.7%（χ²=10.35,P<0.05）。放疗末肿瘤区域ADC值为独立预后影响因素（OR=0.060,P<0.05）。结论 利用磁共振弥散加权成像检查对食管癌放疗疗效进行评价可以较好地提示预后,弥补食管钡餐造影在疗效评价中的不足,疗后肿瘤区域ADC值大小为独立预后影响因素。     

鼻咽癌增量时间调节化疗加后程三维适形放射治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶/亚叶酸钙（DDP+5-FU/CF）增量时间调节化疗加后程三维适形放疗治疗鼻咽癌的疗效。方法 2006年3月至2007年10月收治60例鼻咽癌患者,按信封法随机分为两组：增量时间调节化疗加后程三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）组（时辰组）和常规放化疗组（常规组）,每组30例。所有病例均先采用两周期诱导化疗后行单纯放疗。两组化疗方案及用药剂量相同,DDP总量100 mg/m²,5-FU 1 g/m²·d,连用3 d,14 d为1个周期,共2个周期。两组化疗后均用直线加速器给予鼻咽部相同的放疗剂量D_T70 Gy/7周,2 Gy/次,5次/周。鼻咽部应用面颈联合野常规放疗D_T 36 Gy/4周后,常规组缩野改为常规耳前野放疗D_T 34 Gy/3~4周,时辰组改为后程三维适形放疗D_T34 Gy/3~4周。结果 时辰组完全缓解率（CR）及有效率（CR+PR）分别为50%和100%,高于常规组的23.3%和93.3%,其中CR的差异有统计学意义（χ² =4.593,P<0.05）。1、 3、 5年总生存率及无疾病生存率两组的差异无统计学意义。相对于常规组,时辰组化疗的骨髓及消化道不良反应减低（χ²=4.285、4.344,P<0.05）。结论 DDP+5-FU/CF增量时间调节化疗加后程三维适形放疗较常规放化疗能减轻骨髓及消化道的不良反应,提高鼻咽癌的完全缓解率,但未降低远期生存率。     

CT引导125I粒子植入治疗恶性肿瘤肺转移的临床研究

目的 评价CT引导¹²⁵I放射性粒子植入(CTRISI)治疗其他原发恶性肿瘤肺转移的临床疗效及其影响因素。方法 接受¹²⁵I放射性粒子植入治疗其他脏器肿瘤肺转移的患者50例,其中,45例(90%)CTRISI单独治疗,5例手术与CTRISI联合治疗。评价5年局部控制率、5年生存率及影响生存率的因素。结果 覆盖90%靶体积时的剂量(D_90%)为(112.3±12.2)Gy,90%剂量覆盖的靶体积百分比(V₉₀)为91.3%±8.2%,术后验证匹配周边剂量(MPD)为106.2 Gy。1、2、3、4、5年局部控制率分别为95.8%、86.5%、56.6%、42.4%、31.1%。中位随访期为26个月。中位生存期为27.1个月,1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为83.4%、52.3%、38.7%、20.3%、13.7%。病灶直径≤4 cm或>4 cm是预测总生存率(χ²=4.621,P<0.05)和无进展生存率(χ²=7.548,P<0.05)重要相关因素。结论 对其他脏器原发肿瘤肺转移且无法完全切除的患者,CTRISI或联合手术切除是一种有效的治疗方法。     

pN0期胸段食管鳞癌患者术后失败模式及其对术后放疗指导作用分析

目的 探讨pN₀期胸段食管鳞癌（TESCC）患者单纯手术治疗后失败模式及失败原因,并据此讨论患者术后放疗的可行性。方法 对2007年1月至2010年12月在本院胸外科接受手术治疗且符合入组条件的473例食管癌患者进行回顾性分析,通过分析患者术后治疗的失败模式及其原因,探讨pN₀期TESCC患者单纯手术治疗后辅助性放疗的可行性及意义。结果 全组患者出现胸腔内-区域性复发57例（12.1%）,其中多数出现在胸腔内（52例）;远处转移42例（8.9%）。复发合并远处转移13例。总失败率为20.9%。胸上段食管癌患者胸腔内-区域性复发率显著高于胸中段和胸下段患者（χ²=7.469,P<0.05）,而远处转移率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。T分期越晚的食管癌患者其复发率及远处转移率均显著高于T分期早者（χ²=10.247、7.886,P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,不同病变部位、食管瘤床与周边组织器官的黏连程度和术后残端情况为影响胸腔内-区域性复发率的显著性因素（χ²=14.232、9.486、7.546,P<0.05）;患者性别、吸烟史和术前体重减轻≥ 5 kg为影响患者远处转移率的显著性因素（χ²=10.823、10.275、6.065,P<0.05）;而T分期对胸腔内-区域性复发率及远处转移率均有显著性影响（χ²=15.994、12.885,P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,T分期和术后残端为影响胸腔内-区域性复发的独立性因素（P<0.05）,既往吸烟史为影响远处转移的独立性因素（P<0.05）。结论 pN₀期TESCC患者单纯术后仍有较高的胸腔内-区域性复发率,对于胸上段食管癌患者、T分期较晚、食管瘤床与周边组织器官的黏连程度较重和术后残端阳性患者建议术后辅助性放疗。男性患者、有吸烟史和术前体重减轻≥ 5 kg者远处转移高。     

211例宫颈癌根治性放疗的预后分析

目的 探讨宫颈癌根治性放疗疗效以及影响预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2017年2月于吉林省肿瘤医院放疗四科治疗的宫颈癌Ⅰ_A-Ⅲ_B期患者共211例的临床资料,所有患者均行根治性放疗伴或不伴同步化疗。观察近、远期疗效和相关预后因素,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,单因素分析采用Log-rank检验进行,多因素分析采用COX比例风险回归模型进行。结果 2年总生存率（OS）、无病生存率（DFS）分别为83.4%、72.5%。随访期间死亡46例（21.8%）,其中,2例非肿瘤相关死亡,1例第二原发肿瘤结肠癌导致死亡;复发转移57例（27%）,其中单纯局部复发16例（28.1%）,单纯远处转移27例（47.4%）,局部复发合并远处转移14例（24.6%）。单因素分析显示,2年OS、DFS与病理类型、治疗前鳞状细胞抗原（SCC）水平及分期明显相关（OS：χ²=7.123、6.014、8.398,P<0.05;DFS：χ²=11.832、8.003、7.731,P<0.05）,除以上因素外,2年DFS还与盆腔淋巴结转移有关（χ²=9.286,P<0.05）;多因素分析显示,病理类型、治疗前SCC值、分期是影响OS的独立预后因素（HR=2.963、2.473、2.574,P< 0.05）,影响DFS的独立预后因素则包括病理类型、治疗前SCC值及盆腔淋巴结转移（HR=3.014、1.988、1.914,P< 0.05）。结论 宫颈癌根治性放疗的患者中,腺癌、中晚期、放疗前SCC值超过30 ng/ml者预后较差,需采取更加积极的治疗策略。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.