乌三颗粒体外对恶性肿瘤细胞核酸合成的抑制作用

目的:探讨中药复方制剂乌三颗粒在体外对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响。方法:将人巨细胞肺癌、人肝细胞癌、人肺腺癌细胞株在体外培养传代3次后,各组分别加入受试药物,~3H-TdR 掺入法检测肿瘤细胞核酸的合成,琼脂集落法检测肿瘤干细胞增殖的能力。结果:乌三颗粒剂量在0.5～8mg/ml 时,可明显减少人巨细胞肺癌、人肝细胞癌、人肺腺癌细胞三株细胞对~3H 标记的胸腺嘧啶核苷(~3H-TdR)的摄入,明显减少肿瘤干细胞集落的形成,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:乌三颗粒在体外对多株肿瘤细胞的核酸合成有显著抑制作用,同时有抑制肿瘤干细胞的增殖能力。     

Effects of (-)-menthol on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in human liver tumor cells.

To evaluate whether or not (-)-menthol affects arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, we selected human liver tumor cell line (J 5) for examination. By using high performance liquid chromatography, NAT activity for acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (AF) was determined. (-)-Menthol displayed a dose-dependent inhibition to cytosolic NAT activity. Time-course experiments showed that NAT activity measured from intact human liver tumor cells was inhibited by (-)-menthol for up to 24 hrs. But in human liver tumor intact cells, the low doses (0.0032 and 0.032 mM) of (-)-menthol promoted the NAT activity and the high doses (3.2 and 32 mM) of (-)-menthol inhibited NAT activity and the 0.32 mM (-)-menthol did not show any significant differences between control and (-)-menthol treated groups. Using standard steady-state kinetic analysis, it was demonstrated that (-)-menthol was a possible uncompetitive inhibitor (decrease Km and Vmax) to NAT activity in cytosols. This report is the first demonstration which showed (-)-menthol affect on human liver tumor cells NAT activity.     

Essential oil analysis and anticancer activity of leaf essential oil of Croton flavens L. from Guadeloupe

The leaf essential oil of Croton flavens L., a native plant from the Caribbean area used in traditional medicine, was extracted by hydrodistillation. The composition of the volatile fraction of this essential oil was determined by GC and GC-MS analyses. We have identified 47 compounds, of which viridiflorene (12.22%), germacrone (5.27%), (E)-gamma-bisabolene (5.25%) and beta-caryophyllene (4.95%) are the main components. The anticancer activity of this extract was tested on human lung carcinoma cell line A-549 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1. Croton flavens leaf essential oil was found to be very active against both tumor cell lines, with a GI(50) of 27 +/- 4 microg/ml for A-549 and 28 +/- 3 microg/ml for DLD-1. Three compounds identified in the leaf essential oil, alpha-cadinol (3.97%), beta-elemene (1.53%) and alpha-humulene (1.06%) are cytotoxic against tumor cell lines.     

Composition and cytotoxic activity of the leaf essential oil of Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coulter

Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coulter, a native plant from Canada used in traditional medicine against cancer, was extracted by hydrodistillation. Two fractions were collected, one over 0-30 min and one over 30-60 min, to assess the influence of time of hydrodistillation on the composition of essential oil. The chemical composition of these two extracts was determined by GC and GC-MS analyses. Fifty five components were identified: beta-caryophyllene (23.69% and 15.16%) and alpha-humulene (9.67% and 7.43%) were the major components in the 0-30 min and 30-60 min fractions, respectively, while beta-myrcene was detected in a higher amount in the 0-30 min fraction (12.58%) than in the 30-60 min fraction (0.15%). The cytotoxic activities of these fractions were assessed against human lung carcinoma cell line A-549 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1. Only the 30-60 min fraction was found to be active against both tumor cell lines, with GI(50) values of 66 +/- 12 microg/mL for A-549 and of 46 +/- 7 microg/mL for DLD-1. Two sesquiterpenes present in the oil, alpha-humulene and (E)-nerolidol, have been found to be cytotoxic against both tumor cell lines.     

Mammea E/BB, an isoprenylated dihydroxycoumarin protonophore that potently uncouples mitochondrial electron transport, disrupts hypoxic signaling in tumor cells

The mammea-type coumarin mammea E/BB (1) was found to inhibit both hypoxia-induced and iron chelator-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation in human breast tumor T47D cells with IC(50) values of 0.96 and 0.89 μM, respectively. Compound 1 suppressed the hypoxic induction of secreted VEGF protein (T47D cells) and inhibited cell viability/proliferation in four human tumor cell lines. Compound 1 (at 5 and 20 μM) inhibited human breast tumor MDA-MB-231 cell migration. While the mechanisms that underlie their biological activities have remained unknown, prenylated mammea coumarins have been shown to be cytotoxic to human tumor cells, suppress tumor growth in animal models, and display a wide variety of antimicrobial effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that 1 appears to exert an assemblage of cellular effects by functioning as an anionic protonophore that potently uncouples mitochondrial electron transport and disrupts mitochondrial signaling in human tumor cell lines.     

Cytotoxic 3,20-epoxy-ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora

Four new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, laxiflorins J-M (1-4), along with maoecrystal A (5) and maoecrystal P (6), were isolated from the leaves of Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. All the compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic effects on human tumor K562, A549, and T24 cell lines. Compounds 1 and 6 showed significant inhibitory effects on human tumor K562 and T24 cells, with IC(50) values less than 0.5 microg/mL. Compound 3 also demonstrated cytotoxic activities against all three types of human tumor cells, with IC(50) values in the range of 1-25 microg/mL.     

Cytotoxic polyacetylenes from the twigs of Ochanostachys amentacea.

Bioassay-guided investigation of the twigs of Ochanostachys amentacea using LNCaP (hormone-dependent human prostate cancer) cells as a monitor led to the isolation of three alkynes, the known (S)-17-hydroxy-9,11,13,15-octadecatetraynoic acid (minquartynoic acid, 1) and two novel analogues, (S)-17,18-dihydroxy-9,11,13,15-octadecatetraynoic acid (2) and (S)-17-hydroxy-15E-octadecen-9,11,13-triynoic acid (3). Compounds 1-3 were tested against a panel of human tumor cell lines and found to be significantly cytotoxic.     

Effects of berberine on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in human colon tumor cells.

Berberine was used to determine loss of viable cells and inhibition of arylamine Nacetyltransferase (NAT) activity in a human colon tumor (adenocarcinoma) cell line. The viable cells were determined by trypan blue exclusion under a light microscope. The NAT activity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography for the amounts of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF), N-acetyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (N-Ac-PABA), and the remaining 2-aminofluorene (AF) and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The viability and NAT activity in a human colon tumor cell line was inhibited by berberine in a dose-dependent manner, i.e., the higher the concentration of berberine, the higher the inhibition of NAT activity and cell death. The NAT activities measured in the intact human colon tumor cells were decreased over 50% by AAF and NAc-PABA production from acetylation of AF and PABA. The apparent values of Kmoff and Vmax of NAT from colon tumor cells were also inhibited by berberine in cytosols and in intact cells. This report is the first to show that berberine did affect human colon tumor cell NAT activity.     

Cytotoxic bastadin 24 from the Australian sponge Ianthella quadrangulata

A new cytotoxic bastadin, bastadin 24 ( 1), and the previously reported bastadins 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, and 21 ( 2- 8) were isolated from a polar extract of the Australian marine sponge Ianthella quadrangulata. The planar structure of bastadin 24 ( 1) was elucidated as the 25-hydroxy derivative of bastadin 6 ( 4) by employing spectroscopic techniques (NMR, MS, UV, and IR). All isolated bastadins were evaluated for their cytotoxicity toward a panel of 36 human tumor cell lines and were found to be moderately cytotoxic. Bastadin 24 ( 1) exhibited selective cytotoxic activity toward five of the 36 investigated tumor cell lines. Bastadins 7 ( 5) and 12 ( 6) significantly inhibited the serum + hEGF-induced (human epithelial growth factor) tubular formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) at a concentration of 1 mug/mL.     

Arugosins G and H: prenylated polyketides from the marine-derived fungus Emericellanidulans var. acristata

The fungus Emericella nidulans var. acristata was isolated as an endophyte from a Mediterranean green alga. Cultivation of this fungus yielded two new compounds, arugosins G (1) and H (2), together with the known metabolites 3-9. Arugosins (1-4) are benzophenone derivatives, biosynthetically related to the xanthones 5, 6, and 9. The indole alkaloid 7 displayed antitumor activity in a panel of 36 human tumor cell lines, exhibiting a mean IC(50) value of 5.5 microg/mL in an in vitro survival and proliferation assay. Furthermore, compounds 3 and 4 showed moderate antitumor activity toward individual tumor cell lines. None of compounds 1-8 exhibited any immunostimulatory activity assessed as the capacity to induce cytokines in PBMCs from healthy donors.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of a natural ester sintenin and its synthetic analogues

Synthesis of 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) propanoate (18), a cytotoxic natural ester, was carried out by a convenient synthetic path with a total yield of 49%. Sixteen of its analogues (19-34) were also prepared. Seventeen unsaturated derivatives of 18, compounds 1-17, were also synthesized to examine the structure-activity relationship of this type of ester. All of the synthetic compounds were passed through the cytotoxicity screenings on human tumor cell lines, such as PC-3, Hela, A549, BEL7404, CNE, and KB. Some of the esters exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on these tumor cell lines. The phenolic derivatives exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among these derivatives, while the unsaturated esters were more cytotoxic than the saturated analogues. Some of the compounds also exhibited inhibition on alpha-glucosidase.     

Neem leaf preparation induces apoptosis of tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

A neem leaf preparation (NLP) was investigated for its role in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis to elucidate the mechanism of NLP mediated immunoprophylaxis in tumor growth restriction. As NLP did not induce direct apoptosis of human tumor cell lines KB, MCF7 and K562, it was used instead to stimulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for 72 h. The PBMC derived culture supernatant (NLP-CS) was observed to induce the restriction of tumor cell proliferation as well as apoptosis. An enzyme linked immunosorbant assay revealed the presence of cytotoxic cytokines, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, in the NLP-CS. The inhibition of secretion of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in NLP-CS caused a significant decrease in tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, stimulation of these tumor cells with NLP-CS resulted in upregulation of the caspase 3 and downregulation of the Bcl 2 and cyclin D1. These observations suggested that NLP could induce tumor cellular apoptosis by releasing cytotoxic cytokines from human PBMC.     

Bioactive pregnanes from Nerium oleander

Three new pregnanes, 21-hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,12,20-trione (1), 20R-hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,12-dione (2), and 16beta,17beta-epoxy-12beta-hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (3), were isolated from Nerium oleander, together with two known compounds, 12beta-hydroxypregna-4,6,16-triene-3,20-dione (neridienone A, 4) and 20S,21-dihydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,12-dione (neridienone B, 5). The structures of compounds 1-3 were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data. The anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of compounds 2-4 was examined on the basis of inhibitory activity against the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and compound 4 was active. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-5 was evaluated against four human cell lines, normal human fibroblast cells (WI-38), malignant tumor cells induced from WI-38 (VA-13), human liver tumor cells (HepG2), and human lung carcinoma cells (A-549). Compound 4 showed significant cell growth inhibition of VA-13 and HepG2 cells. The MDR-reversal activity of compounds 1-5 was evaluated on the basis of the amount of calcein accumulated in MDR human ovarian cancer 2780AD cells in the presence of each compound. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed significant effects on calcein accumulation.     

青天葵中黄酮类化合物的体外抗肿瘤实验研究

目的:观察青天葵中黄酮类化合物鼠李柠檬素和鼠李秦素对7种肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。方法:采用MTT法测定了它们各自对白血病细胞株L1210和P388D1、宫颈癌细胞株Hela、人胃癌细胞株SGC7901、黑色素瘤细胞株B16、神经性肿瘤细胞株NG108-15、人肝癌细胞株Hele7404的生长抑制情况。结果:鼠李柠檬素对L1210,P388D1,Hela,B16,NG108-15和Hele7404 6种瘤株都有直接抑制作用,而且都随着浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。但鼠李柠檬素对瘤株SGC7901基本无抑制作用,鼠李秦素对7种瘤株均无抑制作用。结论:鼠李柠檬素具有一定的体外抗肿瘤作用,初步确定鼠李柠檬素为青天葵抗肿瘤的活性成分之一。鼠李秦素基本无抗肿瘤作用。     

Alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans

Three new alkaloids, gelsebanine (1), 14alpha-hydroxyelegansamine (2), and 14alpha-hydroxygelsamydine (3), and a new extraction artifact , gelsebamine (4), together with 12 known alkaloids, were isolated from the stems and leaves of Gelsemium elegans. The structures of 1-4 were determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against four tumor cell lines, and gelsebamine (4) selectively inhibited the A-549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line.     

夜香树甾体皂苷抗人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的研究

目的: 观察夜香树甾体皂苷(SSCN)对肝癌HepG2移植瘤的抑制作用,并探讨其抑瘤的可能机制。方法: 从夜香树叶中提取并鉴定SSCN;建立BALB/c裸鼠HepG2肝癌模型,建模成功后将荷人肝癌裸鼠随机分为5组:生理盐水组(NS)、沙利度胺组(TLD 200 mg·kg^-1),SSCN低,中,高组(4,6,8 mg·kg^-1,ip, 隔日1次,连续30 d),观察SSCN的肿瘤抑制作用。治疗期间测量皮下移植瘤的长径和短径;30 d后处死裸鼠,剖取肿瘤,行常规制片,HE染色,镜下观察肿瘤病变;免疫组化染色,观察并检测移植瘤中增殖细胞核抗原PCNA和Ki-67蛋白的表达。结果: TLD组裸鼠ip对肝癌HepG2 BALB/c裸鼠相对肿瘤增殖率为42.19%,SSCN 4,6,8 mg·kg^-1的增殖率分别为48.26%,42.94%,41.57%,随着剂量的增高其相对肿瘤增殖率逐渐下降,SSCN抑制肿瘤生长的作用存在剂量依赖性。镜下观察,SSCN高剂量组见到大量坏死细胞外,部分肿瘤细胞体积较小,细胞核浓染。NS组荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤细胞中PCNA和Ki-67蛋白的表达率明显增高;而与NS组比较,TLD组和SSCN高剂量组PCNA和Ki-67蛋白的表达显著下降(P<0.05)。结论: 夜香树甾体皂苷体内对BALB/c小鼠肝癌移植瘤有一定的抑制作用,其作用机制可能是通过下调PCNA和Ki-67基因蛋白的表达,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。     

Antineoplastic agents. 542. Isolation and structure of sesterstatin 6 from the Indian Ocean sponge Hyrtios erecta

A new scalarane-type pentacyclic sesterterpene, sesterstatin 6 (6), was isolated in 8.3 x 10(-7)% yield from the Republic of Maldives marine sponge Hyrtios erecta. The structure was elucidated by analyses of HRMS and high-field 2-D NMR spectra. Sesterstatin 6 showed significant cancer cell growth inhibition against murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia and a series of human tumor cell lines (ED50 0.17 microg/mL, GI50 1.8-8.9 x 10(-1) microg/mL) and proved to be the most inhibitory of the series.     

20(S)-原人参二醇对肺癌A549细胞增殖和荷瘤裸小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用

目的研究20(S)-原人参二醇对小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖和荷瘤裸小鼠肿瘤生长抑制作用。方法采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法观察20(S)-原人参二醇对小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术测定20(S)-原人参二醇对小细胞肺癌A549细胞凋亡及周期的影响,并在裸小鼠人肺癌模型上观察20(S)-原人参二醇对荷瘤裸小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用。结果20(S)-原人参二醇对A549细胞具有明显的抑制作用并有剂量时间依赖关系,并且流式细胞仪检测时均出现典型凋亡峰,24小时凋亡率分别为32.47%、32.75%、33.51%。荷瘤裸小鼠动物实验表明,20(S)-原人参二醇对裸小鼠的肿瘤生长也具有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤率分别为18.78%、34.37%、50.02%。结论20(S)-原人参二醇对A549细胞的增殖和荷瘤裸小鼠肿瘤的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

Guaiane sesquiterpene lactones and amino acid-sesquiterpene lactone conjugates from the aerial parts of Saussurea pulchella

Two new guaiane sesquiterpene lactones ( 1 and 2) and seven new amino acid-sesquiterpene lactone conjugates ( 3- 9), together with six known sesquiterpene lactones ( 10- 15), were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Saussurea pulchella. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods to be 8alpha- O-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutyryl)desacylcynaropicrin ( 1), 8alpha- O-(2', 3'-dihydroxyisobutyryl)11beta,13-dihydrodesacylcynaropicrin ( 2), and pulchellamines A, B, C, D, E, F, and G ( 3- 9). The structures of the new amino acid-sesquiterpene lactone conjugates, pulchellamines A, B, C, D, E, F, and G ( 3- 9), were confirmed by synthesis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against four human tumor cell lines. Compounds 11 and 12 exhibited cytotoxicity against skin melanoma (SK-MEL-2) and ovary malignant ascites (SK-OV-3) human tumor cell lines with ED 50 values of 1.53 and 4.07 microM, and 2.49 and 7.42 microM, respectively.     

Annocherin and (2,4)-cis- and trans-annocherinones, monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins with a C-7 carbonyl group from Annona cherimolia seeds.

The new cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, annocherin (1) and a mixture of (2,4)-cis- and trans-annocherinones (2 and 3), were isolated from the bioactive methanolic extract of Annonacherimolia seeds. Compounds 1-3 each possess an unusual 7-carbonyl group. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. Compounds 1-3 showed significant toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test and cytotoxicity for six human solid tumor cell lines, with selectivity for the renal cell line (A-498) at potencies equivalent to Adriamycin.