经肝动脉灌注平阳霉素碘油乳剂对兔正常肝脏组织的影响

目的：探讨平阳霉素碘油乳剂（PLE）经肝动脉灌注对兔正常肝脏组织的影响。方法：14只4～5个月龄日本大耳白兔，体重（2.5±0.2）kg，按注入生理盐水或PLE的量分为假手术组、实验A组（低剂量组）和实验B组（高剂量组）。各组兔均开腹穿刺肝动脉，按分组剂量注入PLE。术后1，2，4，6周取病理切片，HE染色，光镜下观察肝脏组织学改变;免疫组织化学（免疫组化）染色标记血小板衍化生长因子B链（PDGF-B），并行图象分析。结果：A组HE染色肝细胞呈一过性水样变，变性在2周时最重，至6周已明显减轻。B组HE染色2周时肝细胞明显水样变，4周时可见汇管区纤维组织增生，6周时部分肝组织出现明显假小叶结构。免疫组化染色显示，PDGF-B在肝细胞胞膜及纤维间隔中有明显表达。结论：经肝动脉灌注PLE可导致正常肝脏组织产生不同程度的肝纤维化;PDGF-B参与了肝纤维化的病理过程。     

小鼠全肝缺血再灌注时肺泡巨噬细胞TLR2的激活与肺损伤的机制

目的：探讨肺泡巨噬细胞Toll样受体2（TLR2）的激活机制及其在肝脏缺血再灌注（HIR）中肺损伤的意义。方法：用野生型小鼠C3h/Heouj和TLR4缺失小鼠C3h/Hej建立HIR动物模型。于再灌注1，6，12h后经支气管肺泡灌洗液获取肺泡巨噬细胞，采用荧光定量PCR方法检测TLR2/4mRNA的表达。同时检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的水平，肺组织湿干重比值，肺组织髓过氧化物酶的浓度，并进行肺组织学评分。结果：C3h/Heouj组HIR缺血再灌后各时点肺泡巨噬细胞TLR2/4mRNA表达升高，TLR2mRNA表达持续升高，TLR4mRNA6h达到最高值。同时C3h/Heouj组HIR后支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF水平明显升高，肺损伤加重，肺组织湿干重比值持续升高，肺组织髓过氧化物酶持续增加(P<0.05)。C3h/Hej组HIR后TLR2mRNA表达仅轻度升高，且支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF水平低于C3h/Heouj组(P<0.05)，肺损伤轻于C3h/Heouj组(P<0.05)。结论：HIR可致肺泡巨噬细胞表面TLR4的激活，可上调TLR2的表达，从而可加重HIR时的肺损伤。     

原位肝移植中受体血管异常时的肝动脉重建

摘要：目的 探讨原位肝移植中动脉异位重建的方法及效果。 方法 回顾性分析我院10年来的440例肝移植中36例因受体血管异常而行异位重建的方法及术后处理措施等。 结果 36例中行供肝动脉与受体肾下腹主动脉吻合20例，与肾上腹主动脉吻合10例，与胃左动脉吻合4例，与脾动脉吻合2例。5例围手术期死亡，但吻合口通畅，31例存活3个月至4年无血管相关并发症，仅1例术后2个月因胆道缺血坏死行再次肝移植。 结论 肝移植时受体肝动脉有病变或异常改变时，应将受体肾下或肾上腹主动脉、脾动脉、胃左动脉与供肝动脉进行异位重建，可取得满意效果。     

胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞经顺铂处理后的survivin表达及意义

目的: 探讨经顺铂（DDP）处理胆囊癌细胞后survivin表达及其与肿瘤细胞耐药之间的关系。 方法:采用MTT比色法测定胆囊癌细胞对4种化疗药物的敏感性。RT-PCR检测survivin mRNA的表达。Western blot检测survivin蛋白表达的变化。结果:GBC-SD细胞对化疗药物的敏感性从高到低依次为DDP>ADM>5-FU>MMC。化学药物处理后的第1天，3组胆囊癌细胞的survivin mRNA表达水平均降低;其中0.5μg/mL DDP＋GBC-SD组下降了10%，3μg /mL DDP＋GBC-SD组下降36%，6μg /mL DDP＋GBC-SD组下降了28%。第3天，0.5μg/mL DDP组和3μg/mL DDP组GBC-SD细胞的survivin mRNA表达与第1天比较，分别上升22%和64%，但6μg/mL DDP组仍持续降低，仅为第1天的66%。0.5μg/mL DDP组和3μg/mL DDP组作用3d后的GBC-SD细胞中survivin蛋白含量分别升高了15%和12%，而6μg/mL DDP组则下降了80%。 结论:低浓度的DDP即能诱导胆囊癌细胞内survivin的表达增加，这可能是胆囊癌细胞对化疗药物产生耐药性的因素之一。     

左侧结肠癌性梗阻一期切除吻合治疗:附58例报告

摘要：为探讨左侧结肠癌并急性肠梗阻理想的处理原则和方法,回顾分析58例左侧结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合术患者的临床资料。本组均成功手术，无手术死亡，术后除7例有切口不同程度液化感染外，无吻合口漏、腹腔感染等并发症，均痊愈出院。提示：对能耐受手术切除的左侧结肠癌并发梗阻，在必要的围手术期处理前提下，一期切除吻合是可行的。避免了横结肠造口、二期手术、癌肿扩散及并发症的发生。     

骨盆骨折合并盆腔血肿的髂内动脉介入栓塞治疗

笔者采用明胶海绵或不锈钢圈栓塞双侧髂内动脉治疗骨盆骨折合并盆腔血肿7例，其中6例患者术前处于休克前期或休克期，血压低，出血明显，栓塞成功后，出血停止，血压回升，栓塞后2d血压恢复正常基础水平。提示：双侧髂内动脉栓塞对治疗骨盆骨折合并盆腔血肿效果明显，是一种有效的治疗手段。     

经外膜缓释雷公藤内酯醇抑制自体移植静脉内膜增生

目的:探讨经外膜缓释雷公藤内酯醇（triptolide）对自体移植静脉内膜增生的抑制作用。方法:健康雄性新西兰大白兔24只，建立颈外静脉-颈总动脉移植模型。随机将动物等分为3组。空白组移植血管不给任何处理， F-127多聚凝胶对照组在移植血管外膜喷洒20 %F-127多聚凝胶0.5 mL，实验组在移植血管外膜喷洒携带雷公藤内酯醇300μg的F-127多聚凝胶0.5 mL。术后2周取标本。用组织形态学方法检测血管内膜增生程度，免疫组化检测标本中bcl-2和Fas的表达，TUNEL法检测标本中血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)凋亡的水平。结果:静脉移植2周后，与空白组和F-127对照组比较，实验组血管内膜增生明显受抑制（P<0.05），bcl-2的表达［（18.2±8.4） %］显著减少，而Fas的表达［（21.4±8.9） %］显著增加，凋亡细胞［（28.4±7.6） %］也显著增加（P<0.05）。结论:经外膜缓释雷公藤内酯醇可有效抑制移植静脉内膜增生，这一作用可能系通过促进VSMC凋亡而实现的。     

股动脉假性动脉瘤外科治疗18例分析

回顾性分析股动脉假性动脉瘤18例的临床资料。1例因介入穿刺引起的股动脉假性动脉瘤行局部压迫治疗,15例行假性动脉瘤切除术,2例行股动脉结扎术。结果示1例股动脉结扎术患者术后出现肢体坏死，行膝上截肢后康复出院，另17例痊愈出院。提示对股动脉假性动脉瘤行动脉瘤切除、股动脉端端吻合可作为首选的手术方式。     

手法张力美容切口治疗乳腺纤维瘤的体会

目的:探索一种治疗彻底、创伤少、瘢癍痕小、费用低的乳腺纤维瘤治疗方法。方法:回顾近3年来465例采用手法张力美容切口治疗乳腺纤维瘤患者的临床资料。结果:465例手术均最大限度争取行乳晕或腋窝皱褶或乳腺下方皱褶切口。切口均甲级愈合，无明显瘢痕，双乳对称，外形功能无影响，站立时切口不明显。结论:手法张力美容切口治疗乳腺纤维瘤是一种适合大部分乳腺纤维瘤患者的手术方法，具有治疗彻底、创伤少、瘢痕小、费用低。     

胆道再手术原因分析：附828例报告

目的:分析导致再次胆道手术的原因，以期减少胆道再手术率。方法:总结1990—1999年间收治的再次胆道手术患者828例的临床资料，对胆道疾病再次手术的原因进行归类分析。结果:再手术的主要原因是结石复发或残留，占65.10%;结石合并Oddi括约肌狭窄占33.82%;单纯Oddi括约肌狭窄占9.54%;胆管损伤性狭窄和胆肠吻合口狭窄占10.39%;胆道系统肿瘤占6.52%。结论:胆道再手术的主要原因仍以结石复发或残留为主，其次为Oddi括约肌狭窄;损伤性胆管狭窄等与手术有关的因素不容忽视。减少胆道再次手术的关键在于初次手术的彻底性和手术方法的合理性。     

肝脏缺血预处理所致PKC活性改变及细胞内信号转导机制的实验研究

目的：研究大鼠肝脏缺血预处理保护效应中蛋白激酶C(PKC)的活性改变及细胞内信号可能的转导机制。方法：通过建立大鼠肝脏缺血预处理模型,应用ＰＫＣ抑制剂、激动剂,检测PKC和P44/42MAPKs磷酸化水平的变化,同时观察光镜下细胞形态学损害。结果：与缺血再灌注（IR）组比较,预处理（IP）组和PKC激动剂组的PKC磷酸化水平显著提高(P<0 01), P44/42MAPKs磷酸化水平、HSP70表达量明显增加,肝细胞结构改变较小。与IP组相比,PKC抑制剂组相应指标呈相反变化,PKC磷酸化水平显著降低(P<0 01)，肝组织细胞结构出现较明显的改变。结论：体内缺血预处理保护作用中,PKC的激活对P44/42MAPKs通路激活起重要作用,PKC对P44/42MAPKs起正性调控作用,HSP70表达受P44/42MAPKs的调控。     

Sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in men with cystic fibrosis disease versus congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens

Recent data suggest that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)gene alterations negatively impact male fertility beyond obstruction.We sought to compare gene alterations,sperm retrieval rates,and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)outcomes among men with cystic fibrosis(CF)disease and congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens(CBAVD)only.We retrospectively evaluated all men who underwent surgical sperm retrieval at two academic,high-volume andrology centers from 2010 to 2018.Only men with documented CFTR alterations and obstructive azoospermia from either CBAVD or CF were included.Differences between groups for CFTR abnormality,sperm retrieval,and ICSI outcomes were statistically analyzed.Overall,39 patients were included with 10 in the CF and 29 in the CBAVD groups.Surgical sperm retrieval rates were significantly lower in the CF group for sperm concentration(14.8×10⁶ml^-1vs 61.4×10⁶ml^?1,P=0.02)and total motile sperm count(2.9 million vs 11.4 million,P=0.01).This difference was only predicted by homozygous delta F508 CFTR mutations(P<0.05).The CF group also demonstrated a significantly higher rate of rescue testicular sperm extraction(70.0%vs 27.6%,P<0.03)and lower fertilization rate with ICSI(32.5%vs 68.9%,P<0.01).In conclusion,those with CF demonstrated lower sperm quality,greater difficulty with sperm retrieval,and worse ICSI outcomes compared with CBAVD-only patients.Homozygous delta F508 CFTR mutations appear to significantly impair spermatogenesis and sperm function.     

SELDI蛋白质芯片平台在结直肠癌蛋白质组学研究中的应用

表面增强激光解吸/离子化飞行时间质谱（surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectroscopy,SELDI-TOF-MS）蛋白质芯片平台是蛋白质组学的主要技术平台之一，笔者综述了SELDI蛋白质芯片平台的基本原理及其在结直肠癌蛋白质组学研究中的应用和展望。     

超声引导下确定肿瘤切除边界在保乳术中的临床意义

目的:探讨在乳腺癌保乳术采用体内标记方法确定的切缘与残癌的关系。方法:采用高频彩色超声引导下癌周精确注入亚甲蓝染料后行手术切除，与传统手术方法进行比较，探讨其与切缘残癌阳性有关的其他因素。结果:该方法能精确地实施癌块扩大切除，但其切缘阳性率与传统手术无明显差异，切缘残癌阳性仅与HER-2有关。结论:超声引导下标记癌块的方法能精确、有效地实施肿块扩大切除术。但切缘与肿块的距离可能与切缘残癌阳性无关。     

肝巨大肿瘤切除及其方法探讨：附18例报告

笔者对18例平均长径13（6～18）cm的巨大肝肿瘤在入肝血流阻断下行肿瘤切除。包括：原发性肝细胞癌10例，胆管细胞癌5例，肝血管瘤2例，肝血管外皮瘤1例。全部病例均成功手术切除，无手术死亡。术中平均出血量900mL，第一肝门阻断平均阻断时间24（15～50）min，手术平均时间150（120～180）min。术后无严重并发症，均治愈出院。1年生存率为83%。提示对于巨大肝肿瘤，只要正确把握手术指征，熟练掌握切肝技术，手术切除是安全可行的。     

自动胶圈套扎法与传统手术切除治疗Ⅲ期内痔的比较分析

采用自动胶圈套扎法治疗Ⅲ期内痔40例，并与60例行传统内痔手术切除者作比较，术后随访均在2个月以上。结果示，自动胶圈套扎组有36例1次治愈，另4例经2次套扎后亦治愈。手术组共有58例1次治愈，另有2例术后仍有便血，经对症处理后缓解，但未再行手术治疗。提示与传统手术方法相比较，采用自动胶圈套扎法治疗Ⅲ期内痔，近期疗效确切，并具有恢复快、痛苦小、并发症少，无需麻醉和住院，经济方便等优点，更易为患者所接受，是一个具有广阔应用前景的内痔治疗方法，但其远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

Advantage of surgical intensive care unit (SICU) predominant by cardiothoracic surgeons in multiple trauma management in a primary hospital

Purpose It is a challenge for the primary hospitals to manage multiple trauma patients.In this article,we explored the advantage of establishing a surgical intensive care unit(SICU)predominant by cardiothoracic surgeons in the early management of multiple trauma.Methods This was a retrospective study and patients with multiple trauma in our hospital were collected and divided into two groups,based on time period and treat modes:group A(retrospective observation group)where patients were treated with the traditional treatment mode from January 2017 to December 2017 and group B(study group)where patients were treated in the SICU predominant by cardiothoracic surgeons from January 2018 to December 2018.Clinical data including demographics,injury severity score(ISS),causes of injury,time intervals from reception to entering SICU or operating room and mortality three days after injuries were collected.Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.Categorical variables were presented as number and/or frequency and continuous variables as mean±SD.Results Altogether 406 patients were included in this study,including 217 patients in group A and 189 patients in group B.General data between the two groups revealed no significant difference:mean age(years)(35.51±12.97 vs.33.62±13.61,p=0.631),gender distribution(mean/female,130/87 vs.116/73,p=0.589)and ISS(15.92±7.95 vs.16.16±6.89,p=0.698).Fall from height were the dominant mechanism of injury,with 135 cases in group A(71.4%)and 121 cases in group B(55.8%),followed by traffic accidents.Injury mechanism showed no significant differences between two groups(p=1.256).Introduction of the SICU significantly improved the care of trauma patients,regarding speed and mortality.Time intervals between reception and entering SICU or operating room was(108.23±6.72)min and(45.67±7.96)min in group A and B,respectively(p=0.001).Mortality three days after injuries was 13.89%and 5.53%in group A and B,respectively(p=0.005).Conclusion Establishing a SICU predominant by cardiothoracic surgeons can reduce the early mortality rates in multiple trauma patients.     

胆汁回输联合肠内营养在胆道术后的临床应用

目的: 探讨胆汁回输联合肠内营养在胆道术后患者的临床应用价值。方法: 60例患者随机分为：胆道手术后分别接受肠内营养+胆汁回输（回输组）和单纯肠内营养(对照组）。观察两组患者的电解质、胃肠功能、营养状况等情况。结果:两组术后日均热卡及氮摄入量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，胃肠功能恢复时间回输组(28±13）h较对照组(41±14）h短 (P<0.01)；术后第3天，回输组血钾正常［(4.28±0.53)mmol/L］，对照组血钾偏低［(3.44±0.36)mmol/L］，两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)；术后第8天两组血清白蛋白、前蛋白均恢复至接近术前水平；回输组血视黄醇结合蛋白与对照组分别为(31.80±7.91)mg/L和(22.90±8.81)mg/L（P<0.01）。结论:胆汁回输联合肠内营养有利于胆道术后患者康复。     

长期饮酒对小鼠生长发育及其睾丸功能的影响

目的利用未成熟雄性小鼠为动物模型研究饮用酒精对哺乳动物生长发育及生殖的毒性作用。方法选用24只21d龄断奶未成熟小鼠随机分为3组：啤酒组、白酒组和对照组。啤酒组自由饮用啤酒，白酒组饮用稀释的白酒（5％），对照组饮用自来水。实验5周后对体重、脏器重等指标进行称量，对附睾中精子密度、精子畸形率等进行检测，对睾丸的组织学形态进行观察。结果整个实验期啤酒组体重显著增加，脏器重受到不同程度的影响；白酒组的精子密度显著降低，在这同时精子畸形率也明显升高，睾丸形态发生了不同程度的病理变化。啤酒组睾丸间质问隙增宽，间质细胞增生；白酒组睾丸问质问隙进一步增宽，生精小管内生精细胞排列紊乱疏松，生精细胞问出现空隙，有的甚至变性、坏死、脱落，部分生精小管生精细胞全部脱落或退化消失，生精小管管壁萎缩变薄。结论长期饮酒对小鼠的生长发育及睾丸功能具有毒性作用。     

Histologically proven hepatic steatosis associates with lower testosterone levels in men with obesity

Men with obesity often present with low testosterone(T)and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)levels.Several mechanisms for this have been proposed,but as SHBG is secreted by hepatocytes and sex steroids undergo hepatic metabolization,this study investigates whether severity and histological components of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are associated with sex steroid levels in obese men.This cross-sectional study included 80 obese men(age:46±11 years;body mass index:42.2±5.5 kg m^-2).Serum levels of total T and estradiol(E.)were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy(LC/MS-MS)and SHBG and gonadotropins by immunoassay.Liver biopsies were evaluated using Steatosis.Activity,and Fibrosis scoring.Participants with steatohepatitis had similar median(1st quartile-3rd quartile)total T levels(7.6[5.0-11.0]nmol l^-1 vs 8.2[7.2-10.9]nmol l^-1;P=0.147),lower calculated free T(cFT)levels(148.9[122.9-188.8]pmol 1-1 s 199.5[157.3-237.6] pmol l^-1;P=0.006),and higher free E.T ratios(10.0[6.4-13.9]×10^-3 vs 7.1[5.7-10.7]×10^-3;P=0.026)compared to men with only nonalcoholic fatty liver.Among the histological components of NAFLD.only steatosis was independently associated with total T(r=-0.331.P=0.003)and cFT levels(r=-0.255.P=0.025).Obese men with.steatohepatitis have even lower cFT levels compared to those without,an association mainly driven by grade of steatosis.Whether this reflects a subgroup of men with a more severe obesity-related phenotype or results from direct relations between hepatic steatosis and sex steroid metabolism needs further investigation.