Does preoperative deformity diminish radiographic outcome after hallux valgus correction with scarf osteotomy?: A retrospective study of 102 cases

BackgroundScarf osteotomy is a frequently used technique to correct moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities. Recurrence of a deformity is a commonly reported complication after surgery. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative deformity on radiological outcome in terms of postoperative loss of correction after scarf osteotomy.Methods102 patients, in which a hallux valgus deformity was corrected with an isolated scarf osteotomy were included. Weightbearing radiographs were analyzed preoperatively, postoperatively, after 6 weeks and after three months (mean 10.9 months SD 17.2 months). The following radiological parameters were used for analysis: the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), position of the sesamoids, first metatarsal length, and first metatarsophalangeal joint congruity.ResultsSignificant correction of IMA, HVA, DMAA, sesamoid position and joint congruity was achieved (p < 0.001). The IMA improved from 15.8 ± 2.3 to 4.3 ± 2.8°, the HVA from 32.6 ± 6.8 to 9.1 ± 7.2, and the DMAA from 11.4 ± 6.9 to 8.4 ± 5.2°, respectively. In contrast to DMAA, throughout followup we could detect loss of correction for HVA and for IMA amounting 6.3° ± 5.8 and 3.8° ± 2.8 respectively. Loss of HVA correction revealed a significant correlation with preoperative DMAA, but not with the other preoperative radiological parameters.ConclusionsPreoperative deformity does not correlate with postoperative loss of correction after scarf osteotomy, except DMAA.Clinical relevanceOur results may be helpful in counseling patients regarding recurrence of hallux valgus deformity after scarf osteotomy.Level of evidenceTherapeutic, Level IV, retrospective case series.     

Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗拇外翻的疗效

目的 探讨Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗拇外翻的疗效.方法 采用Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗27例拇外翻患者(27足):Akin截骨联合Chevron截骨19例,Akin截骨联合Scarf截骨6例,Akin截骨联合Juvara截骨2例.比较术前及末次随访时的第1、2跖骨间夹角(IMA)与拇外翻角(HVA)的变化....     

Influence of sesamoid position after scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus on patient-reported outcome. A prospective cohor study

BackgroundThe objective was to evaluate the influence of the postoperative sesamoid position as measured with conventional radiographs on the patient-reported outcome after scarf osteotomy. The hypothesis was that incomplete reduction of the sesamoid would result in a decreased functional outcome.MethodsEighty-two patients who underwent scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus were prospectively assessed for up to two postoperative years. The Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) was used to assess the quality of life, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale (AOFAS) for the functional outcome. A visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed pain, and Likert scale for patient satisfaction. Radiologically, hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and sesamoid position were analyzed. According to the final sesamoid position, patients were classified as normal position (48 patients) and outlier position (34 patients). A power analysis, conventional and logistic regression statistical analysis were performed.ResultsAt the final follow-up, significant improvements in all clinical scores were observed for both groups (p = 0.001) with no significant difference in AOFAS score (p = 0.413), but SEFAS score (p = 0.023), VAS-pain (p = 0.006), and satisfaction (p = 0.014) were significantly better in the normal group than in the outlier group. There were significant differences between groups in final HVA (p = 0.042) and IMA (p = 0.040). In multivariate analysis, only lower VAS-pain score (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.6; p = 0.039) and normal sesamoid position (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6–3.2; p = 0.012) were significant predictor of patient satisfaction.ConclusionAt two postoperative years, normal sesamoid position as measured on weight-bearing radiographs was associated with lower pain and better patient satisfaction in patients underwent scarf osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus.     

Comparison of modified Mitchell and Chevron osteotomies for hallux valgus

BackgroundGood clinical and radiological outcomes in mild-moderate hallux valgus (HV) can be achieved with Chevron osteotomy (CO) and modified-Mitchell osteotomy (MMO). The main goal of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes after CO and MMO in HV.MethodsThe study included 45 patients, comprising 40 females with a mean follow-up of 87.5 ± 27.8 months. The outcome measurements of metatarsal length (MT1), HV angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), clinical outcomes, and metatarsalgia were evaluated pre- and postoperatively.ResultsNo significant difference was determined between the MMO and CO groups in respect of metatarsalgia and AOFAS scores. The CO resulted in a significantly larger decrease in the MT1. The mean HVA and IMA correction was significantly greater after MMO than after CO.ConclusionSince MMO may prevent MT1 shortening, which is a typical problem in the Mitchell osteotomy, MMO may be preferred over CO in patients with preoperative shortened first metatarsal.     

Outcome of the scarf osteotomy in adolescent hallux valgus

Purpose  We have reported the radiological and clinical outcome of scarf osteotomy in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus among adolescent children. Method  Data were collected retrospectively between April 2001 and June 2006. The pre- and post-operative intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were determined. Patients were followed up for a mean of 37.6 months. Results  Thirteen patients with 19 operated feet were available at the time of the latest follow-up. There was significant improvement in the mean post-operative IMA, which was maintained to the last follow-up. There was statistically significant improvement in the 6-week post-operative HVA and DMAA. However, this was lost at the final follow-up. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score for the whole group was 80 (54–100). Conclusion  This study indicates that scarf osteotomy should be used with caution in symptomatic adolescent hallux valgus, as there is a high recurrence rate.     

Minimally invasive surgery for severe hallux valgus in 106 feet

BackgroundThere is widespread variation in the optimal procedure for correction of severe hallux valgus deformity defined as hallux valgus angle (HVA) (≥40°) and/or 1–2 intermetatarsal angle (IMA) (≥20°). There is limited evidence investigating the clinical or radiological outcomes following treatment of severe hallux valgus deformity with third-generation minimally invasive chevron and Akin osteotomies (MICA).MethodsThis was a prospective observational single surgeon series of consecutive patients who underwent primary third-generation MICA with screw fixation for severe hallux valgus. The primary outcome was a validated patient reported outcome measure (PROM), the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), assessed minimum 2 years following MICA. Secondary outcomes were radiographic deformity correction (assessed 6 weeks post-operatively), complication rates and other quality of life PROMs (EQ-5D and Visual Analogue Pain Scale).ResultsBetween September 2014 and November 2018, 106 consecutive feet (n = 78 patients; 73 female, 5 male) met the inclusion criteria. Prospectively collected pre-operative and 2 year PROM MOXFQ data was available for 86 feet (81.1%). At two years following surgery, the MOXFQ score significantly improved for the Pain, Walking and Standing and Social Interaction domains from 39.2 to 7.5, 38.2 to 5.9 and 48.6 to 5.5, respectively (p < 0.001). Pre- and 6 week post-operative radiographic data was available for all 106 feet. Mean IMA improved from 18.2° to 6.3° (p < 0.001) whilst mean HVA improved from 45.3° to 10.9° (p < 0.001). The complication rate was 18.8% and the screw removal rate was 5.6%.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated third-generation MICA for the treatment of severe hallux valgus deformity enables substantial deformity correction and is associated with significant improvements in clinical PROMs 2 years following surgery.     

The Linear Hallux Valgus Offset– A novel way to measure Hallux Valgus

IntroductionHallux Valgus (HV) is a complex deformity involving the first ray of the forefoot and a common cause of forefoot pain. Several radiological measurements such as Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA), First Metatarsophalangeal Angle (IMA) and Distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) exist to calculate the severity of HV and direct patient management. However, these are angular measurements are prone to error with variable intra- and inter-observer reliability.PurposeTo describe a new radiological linear hallux valgus offset (LHVO) to measure HV deformity.Patient and methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study looking at Antero-posterior, weight-bearing foot radiographs of 100 consecutive patients with forefoot pain referred to our foot and ankle clinic. Demographic details, clinical indication, HVA (hallux valgus angle) and LHVO were measured for each patient and data were analyzed using the student t-test. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) analysis was evaluated to assess the intra-class reliability between observers.ResultsThere was a female predominance of approximately 2:1, with 51.3 years (range 13–86 years). There was a statistically significant difference of LHVO between normal and hallux valgus cohorts with a p-value of 0.0001. The LHVO gave moderate intra-observer and inter-observer reliability on ICC analysis of 0.7.ConclusionThe LHVO can be an additional measure of assessing severity of hallux valgus. In contrary to the traditional angular measurements, this linear measure is easier to calculate and reproducible on plain, weight bearing radiographs. LHVO measurement has shown a moderate inter-observer reliability in the study to complement traditional radiological evaluation of hallux valgus alignment.     

Akin截骨术联合第一跖骨基底截骨术治疗中重度拇外翻

目的总结Akin截骨术联合第一跖骨基底截骨术的手术方法及治疗中重度拇外翻的随访结果,并进行疗效评价。方法 2003年6月至2009年6月,手术治疗中重度拇外翻患者38例,75足;年龄46～72岁,平均53.4岁。比较术前、术后拇外翻角（HVA）,第一、二跖骨间角（IMA）,所得数据输入SPSS12.0统计软件进行分析;并根据拇外翻评分标准进行评分。结果术后评价优31例（81.6%）,良4例（10.5%）,可2例（5.2%）,差1例（2.6%）,优良率92.1%。术前外翻角30.33±8.9,术后11.17±5.07（P=0.000）,术前跖间角13.54±5.18,术后9.46±5.4（P=0.016）,术前术后拇外翻角及跖夹角对比有显著差义。结论 Akin截骨术联合第一跖骨基底截骨术简单、容易操作,损伤小,骨折愈合率高,效果显著,是治疗中重度拇外翻的有效的手术方式。     

经皮微创截骨术联合8字绷带和分趾垫外固定治疗中度拇外翻

目的:探讨经皮微创截骨术联合“8”字绷带和分趾垫外固定治疗中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:自2019年8月至2021年1月采用经皮微创截骨术联合“8”字绷带和分趾垫外固定治疗中度拇外翻患者23例,失访1例,最终纳入22例(30足),男4例6足,女18例24足,年龄27～66 (50.59±11.95)岁。比较术前和术后6个月患足拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),跖骨跨度(第1、5跖骨头之间的距离)和软组织宽度变化情况,并采用美国足踝外科协会踝-后足评分标准(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)进行临床疗效评价,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价足部自觉疼痛情况。结果:22例患者获得随访,时间5.7～6.4(6.13±0.85)个月。患者第1跖骨截骨处均获得骨性愈合,足趾外观畸形得到纠正,术后患足未出现跖骨头缺血性坏死、转移性跖骨痛等并发症。术后6个月患足HVA、IMA、跖骨跨度、软组织宽度、...     

Proximal opening-wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal for moderate and severe hallux valgus using low profile plates

BackgroundTo present the results of the treatment of hallux valgus with the proximal metatarsal opening wedge (PMOW) osteotomy using two different screw and plate systems.MethodsForty-one patients with moderate and severe hallux valgus were treated with the PMOW osteotomy between 2005 and 2009. The fixation was obtained by the Darco^® BOW or by the Arthrex^® LPS plate. Biplanar chevron and/or Akin osteotomy were associated according to the magnitude of distal angles. Each patient was evaluated with weight-bearing radiographs and AOFAS score.ResultsThe HV, IM, DMA and IP angles improved by a mean of 14°, 8°, 11°, 7° respectively. The sesamoid position improved in 79% of the feet. AOFAS score improved from a mean of 50 to 82.ConclusionThe PMOW osteotomy is effective to correct high-level hallux valgus deformities. Both systems guarantee the stability and correction of the osteotomy site. The combination with distal procedures is advisable to correct distal angles.     

Minimal invasive Hallux valgus Korrektur über intraartikuläre perkutane Chevron Akin-Osteotomie (PECA)

BackgroundThe minimally invasive correction of hallux valgus is also becoming increasingly popular in German-speaking countries. Numerous percutaneous techniques for correcting the first ray have been published in recent years. To this day, there is still no clarity about the benefits of each technique.Material and MethodsFrom 2019 to 2021, a percutaneous intra-articular Chevron-Akin osteotomy (PECA) with fixation of the metatarsal osteotomy via a double-threaded screw was performed on 70 feet. The radiological parameters (intermetatarsal angle, hallux valgus angle) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle score (AOFAS) were evaluated pre- and postoperatively.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up of 6 months, the radiological parameters were significantly improved. The intermetatarsal angle improved from 13.1° to 5.9°, the hallux valgus angle from 27.4° to 9.3°. The AOFAS improved from 51.4 points preoperatively to 91.2 points postoperatively. There were 2 relevant complications in the group studied, a screw irritation necessitating early metal removal and a secondary dislocation of the 1st metatarsal head necessitating open revision.ConclusionsThe results show the good correction potential of the PECA technique used to treat a mild to moderate hallux valgus deformity. However, further investigations with long-term results and studies comparing the various established percutaneous distal osteotomy procedures are urgently needed in order to increase the comparability of the different procedures.     

Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus deformity: Radiological outcome,metatarsal length and early complications in 118 feet

BackgroundScarf osteotomy has been widely used to restore axial orientation of the first ray in the treatment of hallux valgus deformity. The aim of the study was to present our radiological outcomes of bunion reconstruction, identify surgical complications in early follow-up, and assess to what extent a shortening of the first metatarsal is present after surgery as a possible cause of postoperative metatarsalgia.MethodsWe enrolled 106 patients (118 feet) and assessed patients’ pre- and postoperative measurements of hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles on weightbearing X-ray images. Three different methods of measuring metatarsal length were compared and early postoperative complications noted.ResultsHallux valgus angle decreased significantly by an average of 18.7 degrees and the intermetatarsal angle by 7.8 degrees. Using three methods of measuring metatarsal length, all showed significant shortening of the first metatarsal. Mean relative lengthening of the second metatarsal averaged 0.45 mm. The Coughlin method showed the highest interrater reliability (ICC = 0.96).ConclusionsSignificant reduction of the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle was demonstrated with a low complication rate. There was significant shortening of the first metatarsal. The Coughlin method clearly demonstrated an excellent interrater reliability.Level of evidenceLevel IV.     

采用改良Chevron截骨联合外侧软组织松解治疗重度拇外翻的疗效观察

目的 观察采用改良Chevron截骨联合外侧软组织松解治疗重度拇外翻的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2018年3月至2019年4月北京积水潭医院院足踝外科应用改良Chevron截骨联合外侧软组织松解的以拇外翻角(HVA)增大为主的重度拇外翻患者22例(27足),对照组患者42例(50足).影像学检查包括HVA、第1、2跖骨轴...     

Return to run rates following hallux valgus correction: A retrospective comparison of metatarsal shaft osteotomies versus the modified lapidus procedure

BackgroundHallux valgus affects 23–36% in general populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate return to run following either a modified Lapidus procedure or a metatarsal osteotomy. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in the ability to return to running.MethodsA Retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients at a single institution with surgical correction was performed. 51 patients were identified. 35 were treated with a metatarsal shaft osteotomy and 16 with a modified Lapidus.ResultsNo difference was found between the cohorts in terms of age, sex, or preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA). 27/35 (77%) with metatarsal shaft osteotomy were able to return to running versus 13/16 (81%) with modified Lapidus. There was no significant difference in the ability to return to running between cohorts (p =1.00).ConclusionOur study showed no statistical difference for the modified Lapidus versus metatarsal osteotomies relative to return to running.     

Minimally invasive surgery for young female patients with mild-to-moderate juvenile hallux valgus deformity

BackgroundWe aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO) for young female patients with mild-to-moderate juvenile hallux valgus deformity.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the radiographs and clinical findings of young female patients with mild-to-moderate juvenile hallux valgus who underwent MIS (25 feet) or DCMO (30 feet). In 12 of 25 MIS feet, 2.0-mm bio-absorbable pins were used as an additional fixation device crossing the osteotomy site, and 1.4-mm Kirschner wires were used in the remaining 13 feet.ResultsRadiographic and clinical parameters preoperatively and at the final follow-up were not significantly different between the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the increments of hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular angle, medial sesamoid position, first metatarsal length, metatarsal length index, or relative second metatarsal length. Two MIS subgroups according to the additional fixation device showed no significant differences in HVA, the first to second intermetatarsal angle lateral translation ratio, or plantar offset at the final follow-up.ConclusionsMIS for young female patients with mild-to-moderate juvenile hallux valgus deformity had similar radiographic and clinical outcomes compared to DCMO. Regarding additional fixation crossing the osteotomy site, both temporary Kirschner wires and absorbable pins showed no radiographic differences in terms of correction maintenance.Level of evidence: 3.     

两种截骨术式治疗中重度拇外翻影像学效果与临床疗效的系统评价

目的：系统评价Chevron截骨术与Scarf截骨术治疗中重度拇外翻的影像学效果和临床疗效。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方期刊全文数据库（Wanfang Data）关于Chevron截骨术与Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻的随机对照研究（RCT）,检索时限从建库至2018年6月。由2名研究者独立按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献,评价纳入文献的偏倚风险和提取相关观察指标后,采用RevMan 5.3.5软件进行Meta分析。比较两种截骨术式术后拇外翻角（HVA）、1-2跖骨间角（IMA）、跖骨远端关节面固有角（DMAA）、美国骨科足踝外科协会评分（AOFAS）、术后切口并发症以及患者满意度。结果：最终纳入6篇随机对照研究文献,共507例（足）患者,92.5%的患者为中重度拇外翻,其中Chevron截骨术261例（足）,Scarf截骨术246例（足）。Meta分析结果显示：Chevron截骨术在矫正HVA方面优于Scarf截骨术[MD=-1.95,95% CI （-2.64,-1.27）,P<0.000 01]。而两种方法在IMA[MD=-0.42,95% CI （-1.04,0.21）,P=0.19],DMAA[MD=0.78,95% CI （-0.72,2.29）,P=0.31],AOFAS评分[MD=2.47,95% CI （-2.38,7.33）,P=0.32],术后切口并发症[RR=1.09,95% CI （0.54,2.20）,P=0.82],患者满意度[RR=1.00,95% CI （0.96,1.05）,P=0.92]方面比较差异无统计学意义。结论：Chevron截骨术操作简单、跖骨短缩少、创伤小,在治疗中重度拇外翻矫正HVA方面优于Scarf截骨术,在IMA、DMAA、AOFAS评分、并发症、患者满意度方面二者效果相似。     

Comparison between suture and staple fixations as internal fixation techniques for Akin osteotomy

BackgroundSuture and staple fixations are commonly used methods for Akin osteotomy; however, there has been a paucity of studies comparing these methods without bias.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively compared the outcomes of 58 Akin osteotomies performed by a single surgeon using suture fixation and 39 Akin osteotomies performed by the same surgeon using staple fixation during the same period.ResultsBone union at the osteotomy site was achieved in all cases with no cases of complications related to the materials used. Occurrence of breakage of the lateral cortex of the proximal phalanx showed no significant difference between the suture and staple groups. The lateral cortex breakage produced greater instability at the osteotomy site with the staple fixation compared to the suture fixation.ConclusionsComparison of suture and staple fixations of Akin osteotomy demonstrated the superiority of suture fixation against staple fixation in terms of stability and cost-efficiency.     

单纯截骨术矫正第1、2跖骨间角增大型拇外翻的疗效观察

目的:观察单纯运用截骨矫形术治疗拇外翻的疗效,初步探讨其适用范围和条件。方法:自2009年12月至2011年4月,采用单纯截骨术治疗第1、2跖骨间角增大型拇外翻20例(32足),男1例(1足),女19例(31足);年龄22～64岁,平均40岁;病程2～31年,平均12年。轻度6足,中度20足,重度6足;术前患者均有第1跖趾关节疼痛且外侧软组织紧张度检查正常;手术前后对足的应力正位X线的拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)、第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA)、胫侧籽骨位置进行比较;采用拇外翻疗效评定标准从畸形矫正、拇趾跖趾关节活动度,患者满意度等方面对疗效进行评定。结果:20例均获随访,时间6～18个月,平均8.5个月;术后切口愈合良好,无感染及跖骨头坏死等并发症,95.1%的患者对疗效感觉非常满意或满意。AOFAS评分由术前(53.1±7.5)分提高到最终随访的(93.1±1.9)分(P<0.05);HVA由术前(33.4±7.8)°纠正到(11.9±3.6)°(P<0.05);IMA由术前(12.3±3.0)°提高到(6.3±1.9)°(P<0.05);胫侧籽骨位置由1.9改善致0.9(P<0.05)。结论:.外侧软组织紧张度正常的拇外翻患者其病理变化主要为跖骨内收,仅利用单纯截骨术治疗即可获得满意疗效,无须切断拇收肌。     

Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus—is an Akin osteotomy necessary?

Scarf osteotomy has gained popularity as one of the recommended procedures for moderate to severe hallux valgus. An Akin osteotomy may also allow additional correction but carries its own complications. The aim of this study was to assess the need for Akin osteotomy with a scarf procedure.We reviewed our results of scarf osteotomy with and without Akin in 69 patients with 99 procedures. Sixteen patients (25 feet) had an Akin osteotomy with a scarf procedure. Radiological results were analysed by measuring the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) and the position of the tibial sesamoid. AOFAS scores were collected prospectively. Patient satisfaction was determined by whether or not they would have the operation again for a similar condition.The mean age of the patients was 48.3 years (range 12–76) with a mean follow-up of 21 months. The mean improvement for the whole group in the IMA was from 15.8 to 7.9, HVA from 37.9 to 16.4 and DMAA from 19 to 9.9 was noted. The position of sesamoids improved from a mean of 5.8 to 2.3. The results were similar in both the groups and no significant difference was noted. AOFAS score improved from a mean of 53.6 preoperatively to 92.5 postoperatively. Three patients in the scarf group needed an Akin osteotomy as a revision procedure.Scarf osteotomy alone may be an effective procedure for moderate to severe hallux valgus. An Akin osteotomy may be indicated if residual hallux valgus is noted during surgery.