胰腺残端不同吻合术式对胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏的影响

目的 探究胰腺残端不同吻合术对胰十二指肠切除后胰漏的临床影响.方法 整群选取2010年3月—2014年7月在该院治疗的行胰十二指肠切除的患者66例,依照吻合术式的不同分成2组,各33例.A组患者实施套入式胰肠端侧吻合,B组患者实施捆绑式胰胃吻合,对2组患者的术后第1天和第7天腹腔引流液淀粉酶水平及其胰瘘发生率进行对比分析.结果 A、B两组患者术后第1天腹腔引流液淀粉酶水平分别为(51.14±11.83)、(45.84±10.70)U/L,第7天腹腔引流液淀粉酶水平分别为(8.36±5.43)、(6.97±5.23)U/L,胰瘘发生率分别为12.12%、9.09%,两组患者的引流液淀粉酶水平及其胰瘘发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 不同的胰腺残端吻合术式对胰十二指肠切除术的临床效果影响不大,胰瘘发生率基本一致.     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘与胰肠吻合方法的关系

目的：探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘与胰肠吻合方法的关系。方法：比较两种不同的胰腺吻合方法－传统的胰肠套入式双层吻合（69例）与改良的胰肠套入式单层吻合（40例）术后胰瘘的发生情况，并对其机理进行探讨。结果：胰肠套入式双层吻合组术后发生胰瘘6例（8.7%)，其中4例经保守治疗后愈，1例再次手术引流，1例继发腹腔内大出血死亡；胰肠套入式单层吻合组术后无胰瘘发生。结论：胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生与胰肠吻合方法有关，胰肠套入式单层吻合是一种安全、实用的胰肠吻合方法。传统的胰肠套入式双层吻合术后胰瘘的发生主要与双层吻合时胰腺及其被膜易被撕裂，吻合口两端组织血运不佳以及双层吻合之间存在的潜在间隙可使沿缝针（线）裂隙外渗的胰液在吻合层面间积聚有关。     

3种胰肠吻合方式与胰漏发生关系临床分析

目的:探讨胰十二指肠切除术胰肠吻合方式与胰漏发生的关系,以寻找预防胰漏的有效术式。方法:胰十二指肠切除术胰肠吻合手术114例,其中行胰腺空肠端端套入捆绑式吻合48例,胰腺空肠端侧双层套入式吻合37例,胰腺空肠端端袖套式吻合29例。结果:术后出现胰漏20例(17.5%),其中胰腺空肠端端套入捆绑式吻合8例,胰腺空肠端侧吻合5例,胰腺空肠端端袖套式吻合7例。3种胰肠吻合方式的胰漏发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:3种胰肠吻合方式无优劣之分。熟练的手术操作技术能使胰漏的发生率显著下降。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰管空肠黏膜吻合对胰瘘发生率的影响

目的:胰瘘仍是胰十二指肠切除术后主要的并发症和死亡原因之一,可分为单纯性胰瘘和临床重症胰瘘.回顾性分析表明多种胰肠吻合口重建方式均能降低胰瘘发生率,但极少见前瞻性随机化的临床研究.文中采用前瞻性随机化设计旨在比较胰管空肠黏膜吻合与胰肠套入式吻合对术后胰瘘的影响. 方法:64例胰十二指肠切除术患者随机分为胰管空肠黏膜吻合组(A组,n=32例)和胰肠套入式吻合组(B组,n=32例).所有胰腺残端均为易致胰瘘的软质胰腺. 结果:2组病例在基础疾病、病理类型、胰管直径、胰管引流方式等方面没有显著差异.共有21例(32.8%)患者出现手术并发症,其中8例(12.5%)并发胰瘘(胰管黏膜吻合组2例为6.3%,胰肠套入式吻合组6例为18.8%,P>0.05);胰管黏膜吻合组未发生一例有明显临床症状的Ⅱ型重症胰瘘,与胰肠套入式吻合组的4例Ⅱ型胰瘘相比亦无显著差异(0 vs 12.5%,P=0.057).胰肠套入式吻合组患者有2例(6.3%)患者再手术.2组病例各有1例死亡(3.1%).术后住院时间无明显差异(A组为19d,B组为21d,P>0.05).而所有胰瘘患者均经非手术治疗后痊愈. 结论:胰管空肠黏膜吻合与胰肠套入式吻合相比,并未显著降低胰十二指肠切除术后临床胰瘘发生率.     

套入式胰肠吻合在胰十二指肠切除手术中的临床应用

目的 对胰十二指肠切除手术中应用套入式胰肠吻合的临床效果进行分析.方法 方便择取该院2012年1月—2016年1月接收的行胰十二指肠切除术患者20例作为研究组,术中实施套入捆绑式胰肠吻合;同时择取同期20例行胰十二指肠切除术实施常规吻合患者作为对照组进行对照分析,观察两组患者血清淀粉酶变化、手术时间、住院时间以及术后并发症发生情况.结果 研究组患者手术时间以及住院时间与对照组比较,均明显较短,组间数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者术后胰瘘发生率为10.00%,显著低于对照组的25.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者血清淀粉酶水平显著低于对照组,组间数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应用胰十二指肠切除术中实施套入捆绑式胰肠吻合术后并发症发生机率更小,可缩短患者手术与住院时间,提高血清淀粉酶,值得临床应用与推广.     

经典套入式胰肠吻合与套入捆绑式胰肠吻合的临床比较

目的 比较经典套入式胰肠吻合、套入捆绑式胰肠吻合的临床效果.方法 收集行胰十二指肠切除术的患者257例,其中采用经典套入式胰肠吻合方式142例,套入捆绑式胰肠吻合方式115例.分析患者胰肠吻合时间、术后并发症发生率及病死率.结果 套入捆绑式胰肠吻合术式较经典套入式胰肠吻合术式胰肠吻合操作时间短,胰漏发生率低(P＜0.0...     

胰肠吻合术后胰瘘的预防

目的:采用不同胰肠吻合方式并加以细节改进,探讨胰瘘发生的环节及预防体会。方法:39例行胰十二指肠切除术,采用Child(胰肠、胆肠、胃肠顺序吻合)术式36例,并均在胃肠吻合口以下的远近端空肠间加做Braun氏吻合;胰胃、胆肠、胃肠顺序吻合法3例。胰肠吻合方式:胰腺—空肠端端套入式吻合5例,胰管—空肠黏膜对黏膜吻合3例,胰—胃吻合3例,捆绑式胰肠吻合28例。胰管中置管32例,同时行胆总管引流18例。结果:术后5 d发生胰瘘1例(为胰—胃吻合者),发生率为2.5%。无死亡。结论:胰肠吻合方式的选择及熟练、精细的操作与胰瘘的发生有直接的关系,捆绑式胰肠吻合是值得临床推荐的方式;采用有效的内、外引流相结合,对减少胰瘘的发生具有重要的意义;做好围手术期的充分准备,重视围手术期的营养支持也是减少胰瘘发生的一个重要因素。     

胰管直径与胰肠吻合方式的选择

目的:比较胰十二指肠切除术两种不同胰肠吻合方式的胰瘘发生率,探讨根据胰管的直径选择不同胰肠吻合方式的可行性。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月至2014年9月在广州医科大学附属第一医院行胰十二指肠切除术治疗的78例患者的临床资料,其中胰管直径≥0.3 cm者采用胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合(A组)53例,胰管直径<0.3 cm者采用选择捆绑式胰肠吻合(B组)25例,比较两组患者术后胰瘘和其他并发症发生率。结果:总体胰瘘发生率为7.7%(6/78)。两组术后胰瘘、胆瘘、肠瘘、腹腔出血、腹腔感染、消化道出血发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在行胰十二指肠切除术时,可以根据胰管直径选择不同胰肠吻合方式。     

壶腹周围癌行胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的危险因素及预防

将132例壶腹周围癌行胰十二指肠切除患者分为无胰瘘组和胰瘘组，比较两组的性别、年龄、白蛋白、总胆红素、病变部位、胰肠吻合方式、胰液引流、胆汁引流及术后胰液引流量的差异。结果胰瘘组术后胰液引流量多于无胰瘘组，十二指肠癌、远端胆管癌、壶腹部癌术后胰瘘发生率高于胰头癌。提示胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生主要与残留胰腺的质地有关，捆绑式胰肠吻合能降低胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生率。     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合术式的发展现状

胰十二指肠切除术(PD)是目前治疗胰头肿瘤、胆总管下端癌、壶腹周围以及部分十二指肠肿瘤的主要方法,但PD的并发症发生率和病死率均较高,并且是最复杂的普通外科手术之一,尤其是胰瘘,已成为影响胰肠吻合术后发生患者死亡的独立危险因素。目前,套入式胰肠端端吻合术、胰管对空肠黏膜端侧吻合术、套入式胰肠端侧吻合术、Blumgart吻合术和捆绑式胰肠吻合术等胰肠吻合术式在临床上比较常用,分析各种术式的手术特点及不足之处,可为探索安全、有效的胰肠吻合术,降低胰瘘发生率,促进患者快速康复提供帮助。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.