新时期高校学生干部培训体系初探——从人力资源管理的观点构建学生干部的培训体系

从高校学生干部培训目前存在的问题入手,借鉴企业人力资源管理中员工培训的的理念,结合实际情况阐述学生干部培训的基本原则。在此基础上,从培训需求分析培训目标、培训内容、培训层次、培训日期、培训方法、培训成效评估等七个方面,初步探讨了如何构建新时期学生干部培训体系。     

用科学发展观构建干部培训效果评估体系

本文通过对效果评估和干部培训的论述,简要阐述了两者之间的关系,以及干部培训效果评估的重要性和应具备的特点,指出了目前干部培训效果评估存在的主要误区,并以科学发展观为指导,提出了构建干部培训效果评估体系的思路。     

暑期干部培训：打造医院干部培训精品品牌

医院从1996年坚持开展暑期干部培训,15年来已经逐步形成了＂顶层设计、注重实效、树立标杆、实践转化、交流共享、后效评价、持续改进及制度保障＂的特色。作者从医院的干部管理体系、持之以恒的暑期干部培训以及干部素质和能力的提升等三个方面对医院暑期干部培训进行有益探讨,以期与同行共同探讨和相互借鉴。     

新入职护士规范化培训模式及教学管理初探

北京市某三级甲等综合医院自2013年起开展新入职护士规范化培训试点工作;构建了以症状护理为培训内容、以轮转培养为培训形式的通科培养和专科培养两阶段培训体系;建立了学生自测、出科OSCE、结业测试多维度评价体系,以及师资队伍建设、教学过程质控等教学运行和管理机制。新入职护士规范化培训能促进医院护理教学水平和临床照护能力,但相关工作刚刚起步,其运行模式和过程监控仍待不断健全。     

用科学发展观构建干部培训效果评估体系

本文通过对效果评估和干部培训的论述，简要阐述了两者之间的关系，以及干部培训效果评估的重要性和应具备的特点，指出了目前干部培训效果评估存在的主要误区，并以科学发展观为指导，提出了构建干部培训效果评估体系的思路。     

构建中医住院医师规范化培训质量管理体系的分析

中医院住院医师进行规范化的培训教育是现代化社会中的医改试点工作,因此医院自身可以联合有关大学积极进行探索,结合医院实际采取有效措施,构建并不断完善中医院住院医师在规范化培训中的质量管理机制,保证并提升规范化培训的质量,促进中医院的正常运行与发展.本文主要从中医院住院医师进行规范化培训的角度出发,通过构建规范化的培训质量管理体系、健全培训管理制度、注重培训的过程管理、健全质量评估与考核体系、注重师资准入、考核评估与培训的体系建设,促进中医院住院医师实现规范化的培训.     

医政医院管理干部岗位培训的思考

国际管理学界总结出这样的经验:培养管理干部是最经济有效的办法,花钱少,见效快。为了培训卫生管理干部,国外早在30年代即开始在高等教育中设置有关的专业课,至今已有较完整的培训机构和教育体系。然而,我国在这方面的研究起步较晚,相对比较落后,至今还没有健全和完善卫生管理干部的教育制度和网络,对医政医院管理干部的培训更是缺乏有效的模式,使许多在职的医政医院管理干部得不到系统,正规的训练。卫生部已明确提出:今后要加强医政医院管理干部的岗位培训,以提高我国医政医院管理水平和管理的整体效率。为探索适合我国医政医院管理干部岗位培训的模式,尽     

以胜任力为导向的住院医师规范化培训考核体系构建

对住院医师进行规范化的培训是医院人才管理的重要手段,通过规范化的培训可以显著提高医师的职业道德水平、理论水平以及实践操作水平。为提高住院培训质量,需要医院构建科学规范的培训考核体系。文章主要探讨了以胜任力为导向的住院医师规范化培训考核评价体系的具体构建,希望对提高住院医师培训质量有所帮助。     

医院中层干部培训的现状与对策

在新一轮的医改中,各家医院运用现代医院管理制度,优化内控管理,多数已从规模扩张向质量内涵发展理念转变,作为医院内控管理的“中枢”,目前一部分中层干部存在管理意识淡薄、执行能力欠缺等问题,弱化了内部管控的作用。为此,进一步加强管理知识培训、业务技能培训、健全考评体系、完善考核指标是实现中层干部管理能力、综合素质提升和提高医院内控管理水平的重要途径,同时也契合医院发展的实际需求,更是医院干部管理工作的重点。     

开展医院管理人员培训的有效路径

在医院管理者职业化发展成为必然趋势之际,医院管理人员的培训也被提到了一个新的高度。为更好地开展医院管理人员的培训工作,本文从树立先进的培训理念、遵循适宜的培训原则、构建系统的培训体系、实施有效的培训效果评估、完善相应的培训机制五方面对医院管理人员培训的有效路径进行了探讨。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.