B超引导下经皮肝穿刺治疗细菌性肝脓肿93例效果分析

目的探讨B超引导下经皮肝穿刺在细菌性肝脓肿治疗中的临床应用价值。方法1995年10月—2004年2月，对接诊的93例细菌性肝脓肿患者实施B超引导下经皮肝穿刺抽吸或置管药物冲洗引流术．其中34例单纯穿刺抽脓．59例穿刺后置管药物冲洗引流。结果93例细菌性肝脓肿患者中91例经皮肝穿刺抽吸或置管药物冲洗引流治愈，2例中转手术，治愈率达97．8％。结论B超引导下经皮肝穿刺治疗细茵性肝脓肿具有安全、微创、廉价、高效、随时施治的优点，可作为临床治疗细菌性肝脓肿的首选方法。     

胆道术后肝脓肿的原因分析及诊治

目的 探讨胆道系统术后并发肝脓肿的原因和治疗.方法 9例肝内外胆管结石病人经各种胆道手术后肝脏内形成脓肿;明确诊断后,在B超引导下经皮肝穿刺引流和对脓腔进行抗菌素灌洗,2例行手术治疗.结果 5例患者脓肿愈合,2例脓腔明显缩小,另2例行手术治疗病人已治愈.结论 分析肝内脓肿形成的主要原因为(1)胆道损伤;(2)肝内胆管结石残余;(3)十二指肠液返流;(4)T管引流不畅,胆道梗阻,胆汁滞留.在B超引导下经皮肝穿刺脓肿引流及选用敏感抗菌素对脓腔进行灌洗是治疗胆道术后并发肝脓肿的有效手段.但脓液引流不畅病人应及时作有效的手术引流,并同时去除病因.     

B超引导穿刺配合中药治疗肝脓肿12例小结

Ｂ超引导穿刺配合中药治疗肝脓肿１２例小结李鸣肝脓肿是因肝脏经细菌感染引起的肝脏化脓性病变。我科从８８年～９３年６月先后收治１２例肝脓肿病人，采用在Ｂ超下引导经皮肝穿抽脓及脓腔冲洗，配合中药及全身支持等综合性治疗，现报告如下。１．临床资料本组１２例中男...     

超声引导下经皮肝穿刺诊治小儿肝脓肿(附15例报告)

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮肝穿刺抽脓或置管引流在小儿细菌性肝脓肿的临床应用价值。方法对15例小儿肝脓肿通过超声引导确定后进行穿刺抽脓或置管引流，其中9例行穿刺抽脓1～4次，6例行置管引流。结果15例穿刺、置管全部获成功，治愈14例，住院15～42d，平均26．3d，无出血及胆漏并发症。11例随访4个月～1年，平均6．8月，均无复发。1例无效自动出院。结论超声引导经皮肝穿刺或置管引流治疗小儿肝脓肿是切实可行的办法。     

经皮肝穿抽脓治疗肝脓肿28例体会

经皮肝穿抽脓治疗肝脓肿２８例体会赵彦清自１９８６年６月至１９９１年６月，我科共收治肝脓肿病人１５４例，根据病人的具体情况，采取了不同的治疗方法，均获治愈。对多发性脓腔较小（Ｂ超检查报告在２ｃｍ以下）的１８例采取单纯药物保守治疗；脓腔近肝门处，破裂（弥...     

经皮置管引流治疗肝脓肿152例报告

作者报告在Ｂ超引导下，采用粗针经皮穿刺直径在５ｃｍ以上的肝脓肿置管引流（ＰＣＤＨＡ），疗效满意。其中细菌性肝脓肿１２７例，阿米巴肝脓肿２５例。单发脓肿１３６例（右肝１１１例，左肝２５例），多发脓肿１６例。共计脓腔２０３个，与同期手术引流４１例肝脓肿病例比较，它具有创伤小，并发症少，治愈率高，住院时间短，较手术安全等优点。与穿刺抽吸比较，因它是一次性置管持续引流，可以减少毒血症，有利于脓腔闭合，避免多次穿刺对肝脏的损伤。半年后脓肿复发率只占１．３％，且还可再用ＰＣＤＨＡ治愈。作者介绍了穿刺技术和遇到几个具体问题的解决办法。     

超声引导经皮肝穿刺引流在细菌性肝脓肿诊断和治疗中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导经皮穿刺抽液和／或置管引流在细菌性肝脓肿诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法 2000年1月～2003年1月在超声引导下经皮肝穿刺抽液和／或置管引流治疗18例细菌性肝脓肿。单纯穿刺抽脓15例，置管引流3例。结果 18例均痊愈出院，无1例需开腹手术引流，穿刺组平均穿刺1～3次，置管组留置引流管时间3～5天，无并发症。结论 经皮肝穿刺抽液和／或置管引流以其安全可靠、疗效显著、操作简便、病人痛苦小、治疗费用低而成为肝脓肿的首选治疗方法。     

经皮置管引流治疗肝脓肿152例报告

作者报告在Ｂ超引导下，采用粗针经以穿刺直径在５ｃｍ以上的肝脓肿置管引流，疗效满意。其中细菌性肝脓肿１２７例，阿米巴肝脓肿２５例。单发脓肿１３６例，多发脓肿１６例，共计脓腔２０３个，与曲期手术引流４１例肝脓肿病例比较，它具有创伤小，并发症少，治愈率高，住院时间短，较手术安全等优点。     

经皮肝穿刺置管引流治疗老年肝脓肿51例报告

目的 评价在超声引导下经皮肝穿刺引流(PTAD)治疗老年肝脓肿的疗效. 方法 对51例60岁以上的肝脓肿患者,在B超引导下经皮细针穿刺抽脓,置入导丝,顺导丝置引流管冲洗引流治疗. 结果 51例全部治愈,其中包括4例多发脓肿,平均住院时间为(23±7)d. 结论 PTAD与手术引流相比对患者机体干扰小,尤其对一般状态较差且不能耐受手术的老年患者有利.PTAD是治疗肝脓肿的有效方法.     

细菌性肝脓肿的放射介入治疗

目的：探讨放射介入治疗（或联合经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流）治疗细菌性肝脓肿的效果。方法：回顾性分析65例细菌性肝脓肿病人（其中2例行介入治疗）的临床资料。结果：介入组无1例需中转手术引流，均痊愈出院；对照组39例中有2例因脓肿导管引流不畅需行手术引流，3例死于多脏器功能衰竭，病死率（7．7％）高于介入组，但差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；介入组病人的退热时间和脓肿消退时间均显著短于对照组（均P＜0．05）。结论：介入治疗细菌性肝脓肿的效果优于传统治疗方法。     

Pyogenic liver abscess. Modern treatment

Historically, open surgical drainage has been the treatment of choice for pyogenic liver abscess. The records of 54 patients with pyogenic liver abscess were reviewed to determine whether earlier diagnosis with current imaging tests and definitive treatment with antibiotics, aspiration, or catheter drainage was an effective alternative to open drainage. Twenty-nine patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and diagnostic aspiration. Twenty-three (79%) recovered uneventfully, and six required catheter or operative drainage. Twenty-three patients (including five who failed aspiration) underwent drainage with percutaneously placed catheters. Nineteen (83%) recovered; four required open surgical drainage. Of seven patients who required open surgical drainage, six recovered. One (2%) of the 54 patients died following failed aspiration and catheter and surgical drainage. Four patients were successfully treated with antibiotics alone without aspiration. These results confirm that pyogenic liver abscess can be successfully treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and aspiration or percutaneous catheter drainage. Open surgical drainage is reserved for patients in whom treatment fails or who require celiotomy for concurrent disease.     

Treatment of pyogenic hepatic abscesses. Surgical vs percutaneous drainage

A retrospective review of 39 patients with pyogenic hepatic abscess treated from 1977 through 1984 included 23 patients who were surgically treated and 16 who underwent percutaneous drainage. The average age in each group was similar (about 55 years). The most common cause of abscesses in each group was biliary tract disease. Abscesses caused by portal seeding and local extension were more common in the surgical group, 14 of whom required additional surgical procedures at the time of surgical drainage. Of the 16 patients in the percutaneously drained group, seven were seen during the immediate postoperative period. Most of the abscesses occurred in the right lobe of the liver, but single abscesses in the left lobe (30%) and multiple abscesses (57%) were more common in the surgical group. Klebsiella enterobacter and group D streptococcus were most common in the surgically and percutaneously drained groups, respectively. All patients received antibiotics, with a mean length of treatment of 14 days. Mean time to defervescence was about four days in both groups, with a longer hospital stay for the percutaneously drained group (26 vs 46 days). Morbidity was high in both groups (surgical, 48%; percutaneous, 69%). Three of the percutaneously treated patients required surgical drainage because of highly viscous abscess contents. Mortality was 17% in the surgical group and 13% in the percutaneously drained group. Percutaneous drainage with computed tomography probably should be the initial drainage procedure in patients with pyogenic hepatic abscesses in whom no concomitant surgical procedure is planned. Regardless of treatment, the morbidity and mortality remain high.     

Management of pyogenic liver abscess in the era of computed tomography

The advent of high-resolution imaging has allowed earlier diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess. Because radiologically guided percutaneous drainage (PCD) of liver abscesses is controversial, the authors studied 40 patients with liver abscess admitted to the Toronto Hospital between 1982 and 1987 to determine the role of PCD versus operative drainage (OD). The diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess was made at autopsy (4 patients), at laparotomy (6) or by radiologically guided aspiration of pus (30). Ultrasonography and computed tomography were highly sensitive (85% and 96% respectively) in detecting liver abscess. Of the 36 patients treated for liver abscess all received antibiotics intravenously; 31 also underwent a drainage procedure. Treatment with antibiotics alone was associated with a success rate of 80% and a death rate of 20%. The success rate for those who had PCD was 75% with a death rate of 13%; 2 patients in this group of 16 subsequently required OD for cure. In the 15 patients initially treated with OD, success and death rates were 87% and 13% respectively. For solitary abscesses, success rates wer comparable for PCD and OD (86% and 90% respectively). For unilobar multiple abscesses the success rate was 100% for both PCD and OD, but for bilobar multiple abscesses the rates were only 40% and 67% respectively. Complication rates were similar for both methods of drainage. The authors conclude that pyogenic liver abscess can now be safely and efficaciously managed with a combination of antibiotics and PCD.     

Hematogenous pyogenic facet joint infection.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnostic laboratory values, imaging characteristics, and optimal treatment of hematogenous pyogenic facet joint infections. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There are 27 documented cases of hematogenous pyogenic facet joint infections. Data regarding incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment response are incomplete because of the paucity of reported cases. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all cases of hematogenous pyogenic facet joint infection treated at one institution. Data from previous publications were combined with the present series to identify pertinent clinical characteristics and response to treatment. RESULTS: A total of six cases (4%) of hematogenous pyogenic facet joint infection were identified of 140 cases of hematogenous pyogenic spinal infection at our institution. Combining all reported cases reveals the following: The average patient age is 55 years. Ninety-seven percent of cases occur in the lumbar spine. Epidural abscess formation complicates 25% of the cases of which 38% develop severe neurologic deficit. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein are elevated in all cases. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common infecting organism. Magnetic resonance imaging is accurate in identifying the septic joint and associated abscess formation. Percutaneous drainage of the involved joint has a higher rate of success (85%) than treatment with antibiotics alone (71%), but the difference is not significant (P = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Hematogenous pyogenic facet joint infection is a rare but underdiagnosed clinical entity. Facet joint infections may be complicated by abscess formation in the epidural space or in the paraspinal muscles. Uncomplicated cases treated with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics may fare better than those treated with antibiotics alone. Cases complicated by an epidural abscess and severe neurologic deficit should undergo immediate decompressive laminectomy.     

糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿的临床特点与微创治疗

目的：探讨糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿的临床特点与微创治疗。方法：总结我院2004年2月至2009年9月收治的46例糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿病人的临床资料。32例在静脉应用胰岛素、抗菌素控制血糖与感染的基础上,南B超引导下行肝脏脓肿穿刺引流,其中4例同时行ERCP胆管取石结合鼻胆管引流;6例行腹腔镜探查、肝脓肿切开引流,其中4例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术;另8例采用保守治疗。结果：经保守治疗治愈8例,B超穿刺脓肿引流或腹腔镜脓肿切开引流治愈24例,脓腔缩小好转出院8例;临床治愈率达95．7％。另有2例病人脓肿穿刺引流后因中毒性休克并发心、肺、肾多脏器功能衰竭死亡,病死率为4．3％：4例病人行脓肿引流后出血,经保守治疗后而痊愈。结论：在积极控制血糖,有效控制感染的基础上,采用B超或腹腔镜微创技术引流脓肿,是糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿病人的首选治疗方法。     

肝肿瘤射频消融术后感染性并发症的处理

目的分析肝恶性肿瘤经皮射频消融术(RFA)后感染性并发症的临床特点及处理方法。方法回顾性分析于我科接受RFA治疗的356例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者,其中原发性肝癌296例,肝转移癌60例。对于术后有严重感染表现的患者进行即刻腹部超声和(或)CT增强扫描。明确肝内局部脓肿形成后,采取置管引流、使用抗生素等干预措施,并随访1年。全部脓肿引流液均行细菌学检查并根据药敏结果调整抗生素用药。结果 356例RFA术后共5例患者发生局部严重感染,其中3例为肝脓肿,1例胆汁瘤合并感染,1例为腹壁脓肿。1例肝脓肿患者肝内局部病灶与结肠肝曲形成窦道且经久不愈,经外科手术局部修补+肝内脓肿置管引流后局部及全身症状有所缓解,但于RFA术后8个月死于全身衰竭。1例腹壁脓肿患者经抗感染、置管引流、局部换药处理后局部及全身症状有所缓解,但于RFA术后6个月死于肿瘤进展。1例肝脓肿和1例胆汁瘤合并感染患者经单纯病变部位置管引流+抗生素治疗后临床症状明显缓解,随诊1年达到临床治愈。1例肝脓肿患者经病变部位置管引流+抗生素治疗后,感染灶痊愈,但随访至9个月时死于肝内肿瘤转移导致的多脏器功能衰竭。结论 RFA术后严重感染性并发症并不少见,感染途径可来自肠道菌群逆行感染,Whipple术等导致Oddi括约肌无功能的RFA术后继发严重感染的明确诱因。除根据药敏实验应用敏感抗生素外,及时行脓腔穿刺引流、外科干预等综合治疗是针对RFA术后局部感染性并发症的有效方法。     

Our experiences with the management of pyogenic liver abscesses by percutaneous transhepatic puncture and permanent drainage guided by computed tomography.

Thirty-three patients with pyogenic liver abscess were treated by percutaneous transhepatic puncture or permanent drainage between the period of 1, January 1985 and 31, December 1990. The closed puncture or drainage resulted in the complete recovery of 26 patients (26/33 = 78.8%). Surgical intervention was made 6 +/- 5 days following closed drainage in 7 cases (7/33 = 21.2%). After percutaneous intervention complications ensued in four patients (4/33 = 12.1%). One patient died (1/33 = 3%). Solitary abscess occurred in 24, while multiple in 9 patients. Based on the authors' experiences, they consider the closed percutaneous puncture, or drainage guided by computed tomography--provided that proper shills and facilities are available--them does not enable in all cases the precise preoperative diagnosis even despite its richness of detail. In order to reduce uncertainties and to establish an accurate diagnosis, Herbert et al., McCorrcel et al. and Perera et al. proposed three criteria to be met before establishing the diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess. According to the authors the conditions for accepting these criteria can be summarized as follows: 1. On the US examination of the liver, echo-free or echo-poor regions can be seen with increased background echoes. CT verifies an inhomogeneous, circumscribed or irregular-shaped, blurred focus of finely deformed contours being hypodense in contrast with the environment. On administration of contrast medium, the change is surrounded by a hyperdense border, and other causes for the above change can be excluded. 2. Verification of the presence of pus (by percutaneous puncture or surgery) from the liver biopsy. 3. The negative result of serological tests characteristic of amoebic infection. CT and US examinations have opened up new vistas not only in establishing diagnosis but also in the management of the disease. The closed percutaneous and effective method in the management of liver abscesses.     

Review of pyogenic liver abscess at the Royal Adelaide Hospital 1980-1987

Pyogenic liver abscess is an uncommon condition which carries substantial morbidity and mortality if untreated. A review was undertaken of 31 patients who were admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) between January 1980 and December 1987 and who were diagnosed as having pyogenic liver abscess. The aims of the study were to review the aetiology, current methods of investigation and treatment of the disease, and to formulate a management plan based on the findings. Hypoalbuminaemia, leukocytosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase were the most common findings. Hyperbilirubinaemia was not a usual feature. Computerised tomography (CT) scanning and ultrasound were the most useful imaging modalities in identification of the abscess. The sensitivity of CT scanning in evaluating the size of abscesses was lower than anticipated and this may lead to a higher than necessary rate of surgical drainage. A case is presented to illustrate this. Most abscesses were secondary and frequently due to extension of infection from biliary structures. Diseases causing diminished resistance to bacterial infection had a significant role in the pathogenesis. The overall mortality rate was 25%. Risk factors increasing mortality included advanced age, multiplicity of abscesses, depressed immune status and the presence of complications due to the abscess. Of patients who survived, four were treated with antibiotics alone, eleven with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics, and eight with surgery and antibiotics. We conclude that patients with hepatic abscesses should be managed initially by CT or ultrasound-guided aspiration. If pus is obtained a percutaneous drain should be inserted into the cavity and systemic antibiotics administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

PYOGENIC LIVER ABSCESS: A REVIEW OF 10 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE IN MANAGEMENT

Background : Over the past 15 years, diagnostic and interventional radiology techniques have allowed accurate localization of liver abscesses and image-guided percutaneous drainage. This review examines whether these technical advances improve clinical results and discusses the selection of treatment for patients with liver abscesses. Methods : Ninety-eight patients were treated for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, between January 1987 and June 1997. The hospital records were examined and clinical presentation, laboratory, radiological and microbiological findings were recorded. Associations between these findings and failure of initial non-operative management were determined using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Independent predictors were then determined by logistic regression. This analysis was repeated to determine factors associated with mortality. Results : Cholelithiasis and previous hepatobiliary surgery were the most frequently identifiable causes of PLA, each responsible in 15 patients. All 98 patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics and in 13 patients this was the only therapy. Of the remaining 85 patients, six proceeded straight to laparotomy and 79 had percutaneous drainage, of whom 15 required subsequent laparotomy. Factors predicting failure of initial non-operative management were unresolving jaundice, renal impairment secondary to clinical deterioration, multiloculation of the abscess, rupture on presentation and biliary communication. The overall hospital mortality rate was 8%. Conclusion : Pyogenic liver abscess remains a disease with significant mortality. Image-guided percutaneous drainage is appropriate treatment for single unilocular PLA. Surgical drainage is more likely to be required in patients who have abscess rupture, incomplete percutaneous drainage or who have uncorrected primary pathology.