大豆异黄酮对大鼠肾脏局部辐射的防护作用

[目的]观察大豆异黄酮(SI)对大鼠肾脏局部辐射后造血和抗氧化能力的影响,为探讨新型的肾脏局部辐射防护策略提供理论依据。[方法]将SD雄性大鼠48只,分为正常对照组(Non-Rad组)、辐射组(Rad组)、大豆异黄酮治疗组(SI组)和氨磷汀处理组(AFT组)。手术暴露大鼠双侧肾脏,铅板屏蔽其他组织,应用15 Gy137Csγ射线一次性照射除Non-Rad组外其余3组大鼠双侧肾脏。其中SI组从照前7天至照后14天每天1次灌胃大豆异黄酮100mg/kg,AFT组在照前30min单次腹腔注射氨磷汀200mg/kg。各组分别于照射前、照射后3天、照射后14天计数外周血WBC;于照射后7天取血,14天处死取肝脏和肾脏,观察肝肾组织的抗氧化指标变化。[结果]Rad组外周血WBC急剧下降,丙二醛(MDA)水平明显上升,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著下降(P<0．05);补充SI和照射前预防性使用AFT均可显著减轻大鼠肾脏局部受照后外周血WBC下降幅度,降低肝脏MDA水平,提高红细胞数和肝脏SOD活性以及肝脏和肾脏GSH-Px活力,差异有显著性(P<0．05)。[结论]大豆异黄酮能有效缓解肾脏局部辐射引起的造血及抗氧化功能损伤,提高机体抗辐射能力。     

富勒醇对小鼠γ射线辐射损伤的防护作用

目的研究C60衍生物富勒醇对小鼠~(60)Coγ射线辐射损伤的防护效果。方法ICR小鼠于照射前5d至照后7d连续腹腔注射富勒醇,~(60)Coγ射线全身均匀照射,照射剂量分别为5Gy和8Gy,照射剂量率1.0Gy/min,测定5Gyγ射线照射下小鼠体重变化,照后7d胸腺、脾脏指数外周血白细胞;8Gyγ射线照射下30d存活率和平均生存时间。结果富勒醇能减轻~(60)Coγ射线辐射所引起的外周血白细胞、血小板降低,胸腺和脾脏萎缩;提高小鼠生存率,延长存活时间。结论富勒醇对~(60)Coγ射线照射的小鼠具有一定的防护作用。     

黑蜂蜂胶抗辐射损伤的实验研究

目的观察黑蜂蜂胶对抗60Coγ射线整体照射小鼠的辐射损伤作用。方法将实验小鼠分为正常组、辐射对照组和蜂胶大小剂量实验组,共4组。辐射对照组及蜂胶实验组各接受1次γ射线照射,同时蜂胶实验组用黑蜂蜂胶灌胃,连续灌胃7 d。处死小鼠后取肝、脾、肾组织及血清,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果黑蜂蜂胶能明显提高小鼠受辐射后组织中SOD活力,其中肾脏和脾脏中SOD活力升高幅度达25%~36%;能明显抑制MDA含量升高,其中以肾和肝脏中MDA含量降低较明显,降低了12%~18%;并能明显提高SOD/MDA比值。结论黑蜂蜂胶显示出良好的对抗辐射损伤的作用。     

慢性低剂量辐射小鼠模型的建立与评价

目的比较不同剂量X射线照射后实验小鼠生物学指标的变化,以建立辐射损伤动物模型。方法用三种辐射剂量率(0.04 Gy/h/d、0.08 Gy/h/d、0.12 Gy/h/d)的X射线对三组昆明小鼠(辐射剂量由低到高分为L、M、H组)进行连续7天全身照射,同时设立不接受辐射的对照组(NC),辐射后检测各组小鼠脏器指数、外周血细胞计数、骨髓有核细胞计数、血清MDA含量和SOD活性等指标的变化,同时比较辐射前后各组小鼠体质量和肝脏、脾脏指数的改变。结果照射后7天,L组小鼠体质量明显低于NC组以及M、H组(P0.05); M、H组小鼠脾脏指数显著低于NC组(P0.01)和L组(P0.05);不同剂量辐射组小鼠外周血WBC和骨髓有核细胞数量均较NC组显著降低(P0.05,P0.01);与NC组比较,M组小鼠血清MDA含量显著升高(P0.05)、SOD活性显著降低(P0.05)。结论慢性累积性低剂量辐射小鼠模型的最佳造模方法为辐射剂量率0.08 Gy/h/d、连续辐射7天,累积辐射剂量0.56 Gy。     

葡萄籽提取物抗电离辐射的实验研究

目的研究葡萄籽提取物抗电离辐射的作用。方法将SPF级雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为3个剂量组(0.25、0.50、1.50g/kg Bw)和1个辐射模型对照组,给小鼠连续灌胃受试物21天后用γ射线全身照射一次,照射后继续给受试物至实验结束,观察小鼠的外周血白细胞计数、骨髓有核细胞、骨髓细胞微核率、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及血清半数溶血值(HC50)的变化。结果以3GY的γ射线照射后,第3天1.50g/kg Bw组的外周血白细胞计数和骨髓有核细胞明显高于辐射模型对照组(P0.05),而骨髓细胞微核率明显低于模型对照组(P0.05),第14天1.50、0.50g/kg Bw组的外周血白细胞计数明显高于对照组(P0.05);以6GY的γ射线照射后,第7天1.50g/kg Bw组小鼠的血清SOD活性明显高于对照组(P0.05);以2GY的γ射线照射后,第14天各剂量组小鼠的血清HC50与对照组比较,差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论该葡萄籽提取物对辐射危害具有一定的辅助保护功能。     

大豆复合物对γ射线辐射损伤防护作用

目的探讨大豆复合物对γ射线照射小鼠的辐射防护效应。方法清洁级雄性昆明小鼠分3批,每批按体重随机分为假照射组、照射模型组、大豆复合物低剂量组及大豆复合物高剂量组。各受试物组小鼠经口灌胃各组受试物,连续30d后用60Co-γ射线进行1次全身照射,照射后仍然给予受试物。第1批实验除假照射组外,均以3.0Gy照射剂量γ射线全身照射1次,分别于照射后第3d,第14d检测外周血白细胞数。第2批实验除假照射组外,均以5.0Gy剂量全身照射1次,于照射后第3d测定骨髓有核细胞数和骨髓细胞微核率。第3批实验除假照射组外,均以7.0Gy剂量全身照射1次,于照射后第7d,测定红细胞与肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果（1）照射后第3d和第14d,大豆复合物高剂量组和低剂量组小鼠的外周血白细胞数分别高于照射模型组（P〈0.05）;（2）各受试物组小鼠的骨髓有核细胞数均高于照射模型组（P〈0.05）,骨髓细胞微核率低于照射模型组（P〈0.05）;（3）与照射模型组比较,不同剂量的大豆复合物均可明显提高小鼠红细胞和肝脏SOD活性（P〈0.05）,降低血浆MDA水平（P〈0.05）。结论大豆复合物能在一定程度上阻止由辐射引起的外周血白细胞和骨髓有核细胞数下降,减少微核产生,提高受照射小鼠的抗氧化能力,减轻辐射对机体的损伤。     

灰树花多糖免疫调节及抗辐射损伤作用研究

目的观察灰树花多糖对小鼠免疫功能和辐射损伤的影响。方法将小鼠随机分为溶剂对照组和3个试验剂量组,剂量分别为0.15g/kg、0.30g/kg、0.90g/kg,每天灌胃給予,连续30d后,检测7项免疫指标。另取小鼠,按体重随机分为辐射对照组和3个试验剂量组,剂量设计和给药方式同上,30d后,各组均以~(60)Co-γ射线进行一次全身照射,根据检测指标选择不同的照射剂量。辐照前、辐照后第3和14天进行外周血白细胞计数;辐照后第3天进行骨髓细胞DNA含量检测:辐照后第7天进行血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力测定。结果灰树花多糖能显著提高小鼠的抗体生成细胞数和血清溶血素水平,ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和NK细胞活性明显增强,碳廓清指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬指数明显高于对照组。灰树花多糖能显著提高受~(60)Co-γ射线照射小鼠的外周血白细胞数和骨髓细胞DNA含量,明显增强血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结论灰树花多糖能增强小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能以及单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能,对辐射损伤具有一定的防护作用。     

锌对全身照射小鼠骨髓造血细胞辐射损伤的影响

[目的]探讨锌对γ射线诱发小鼠骨髓细胞辐射损伤的影响。[方法]小鼠按随机区组法分为空白对照组、辐射对照组以及3个加锌实验组。加锌组分别按每kg普通饲料加入30mg、60mg、120mgZn^2＋后喂饲两周，两对照组喂饲普通饲料。之后除空白对照组外，其余各组均以6Gy^60Coγ射线进行全身照射，2d后处死动物。分别测定外周血白细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数和DNA含量、骨髓细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及微核率。[结果]^60C0γ射线照射小鼠后2d，外周血白细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数和DNA含量均显著下降，细胞SOD活力下降而MDA含量升高，微核率升高；饲料中加入30～120mg／kg的锌，能使以上辐射损伤得到明显缓解。[结论]饲料中加锌对小鼠骨髓细胞具有辐射损伤防护作用。     

单宁对小鼠辐射损伤保护作用的研究

目的:观察单宁对小鼠经γ一辐照所致氧化损伤的防护作用。方法:将50只二级昆明小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、单纯辐射组和三个不同剂量单宁给药组,单宁给药组每天采用不同浓度单宁水溶液灌胃,2 d后除阴性对照组外其余各组实验动物均用60Co γ射线全身照射,照后继续饲2d,灌胃给药同前,至照射后D3,处死实验动物,测定实验前后动物体重变化,取全血、血清和肝脏分别测定血常规、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总蛋白含量。结果:单纯照射组动物外周血白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)的数量,血红蛋白(Hb)以及红细胞压积(HCT)与阴性对照组相比较显著降低(P<0.05),而不同剂量的单宁给药组相应指标均有不同程度的升高。单纯照射组血清和肝组织MDA含量较阴性对照组显著升高(P<0.05),各单宁给药组的血清和肝脏的MDA较单纯辐射组均有不同程度的降低,并随着单宁剂量的增加而降低显著(P<0.05)。单纯照射组血清和肝脏SOD活性较阴性对照组显著降低(P<0.05),各单宁给药组血清和肝脏的SOD活性与单纯照射组比较有不同程度的升高,并且存在着一定的剂量效应关系,结论:单宁对于辐射引起的氧化损伤有较好的防护作用。     

林蛙油复方冲剂对X射线照射大鼠血白细胞及血清羟自由基的影响

目的探讨长白山林蛙油复方冲剂对X射线照射大鼠血白细胞(WBC)及血清羟自由基的影响。方法复制X射线辐射大鼠模型,用林蛙油复方冲剂进行干预,观察各组大鼠WBC及血清抑制羟自由基能力。结果①WBC:预防组[(7.9±0.3)×109/L]显著高于单纯X射线照射组[(4.6±0.4)×109/L,P<0.05];空白对照组[(13.1±1.7)×109/L]显著高于单纯X射线照射组、预防组和治疗组[(4.6±0.4)×109/L、(7.9±0.3)×109/L、(6.3±0.2)×109/L,P<0.05];②血清抑制羟自由基能力:预防组[(482±160)U/L]显著高于空白对照组和单纯X射线照射组[(271±111)和(164±203)U/L,P<0.05],治疗组[(340±203)U/L]显著高于单纯X射线照射组[(164±203)U/L,P<0.05]。结论以林蛙油为主要成分的复方冲剂有一定的抗辐射作用。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.