Atypical tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the extensor hallucis longus tendon

We present a case of atypical giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath originating from the extensor hallucis longus tendon. The tumor contained multiple nodules and overlay the tendon 16 cm. Magnetic resonance imaging was the most useful preoperative investigation and showed the characteristic appearance of giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, thus allowing local excision to be planned and executed. We discuss how local recurrence of this tumor could be prevented.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images of a displaced flexor hallucis longus tendon in hallux valgus

By using three-dimensional magnetic resonance image reconstruction, lateral displacement of the flexor hallucis longus tendon and sesamoid bones was made clearly visible in a living patient. This finding supports a biomechanical model related to disturbed muscle balance at the first metatarsophalangeal joint, which could play an important role in the pathogenesis of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus.     

Extensor hallucis longus tendon rupture repair using a fascia lata allograft

The authors present a case of a traumatic extensor hallucis longus tendon rupture sustained 2 days after hallux valgus and hammer toe correction. The ruptured tendon, separated by a 6-cm defect, was repaired using a fascia lata allograft. This case demonstrates a serious complication of a commonly performed procedure and a salvage technique useful for dealing with large tendon defects.     

侵蚀骨的腱鞘巨细胞瘤

对１１例腱鞘巨细胞瘤进行回顾性研究，发现其中１例压迫骨组织，２例侵蚀骨组织，从而证实它能压迫骨组织，也能侵蚀骨组织。侵蚀骨的肿瘤Ｘ线可表现为溶骨性破坏。提出要与侵犯软组织的骨巨细胞瘤鉴别诊断，应结合病史、体征、Ｘ线表现及病检等综合判断。治疗应尽量完整切除，骨内病变刮除到正常骨。     

10例拇长屈肌腱联合跖肌腱移植和腓肠肌腱膜修复陈旧性跟腱断裂的康复护理分析

目的 探讨拇长屈肌腱(flexor hallucis longus,FHL)联合跖肌腱移植和腓肠肌腱膜修复陈旧性跟腱断裂的康复护理方法。 方法 2012年1月-2015年1月,选择宁波大学医学院附属医院10例陈旧性跟腱断裂患者,其中男性8例,女性2例,年龄22~54岁,根据美国矫形足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足标准评分为(69.5±2.1)分,平均年龄(35.3±1.3)岁,从受伤至受伤干预后的时间4~8个月,平均时间为(5.31±1.04)个月,采用FHL联合跖肌腱移植和腓肠肌腱膜修复陈旧性跟腱断裂,围手术期从心理护理、患肢护理、物理治疗及康复训练4个方面进行针对性的康复护理。 结果 本组10例患者,患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无并发症发生。围手术期进行康复护理后都获得随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均时间13.7个月。恢复到正常工作状态为3~12个月,平均时间为(5.03±1.03)个月,恢复到正常运动时间为6~18个月,平均时间(8.31±1.30)个月,术后12个月AOFAS踝与后足疗效评价标准评分为(96.3±1.6)分,患者术前术后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中优6例,良3例,可1例,优良率90.0%。 结论 前中后期科学的康复护理模式提高了患者跟腱断裂术后自我管理能力,减少再次断裂的发生,对促进FHL联合跖肌腱移植和腓肠肌腱膜修复陈旧性跟腱断裂的患者术后康复有积极作用。      

腱鞘巨细胞瘤 MRI 诊断的影像学特点

目的 探讨腱鞘巨细胞瘤（giant cell tumor of tendon sheath,GCTTS）的MRI影像特点.方法 回顾性分析15例经手术和病理学检查确诊的GCTTS患者的临床资料,全部病例均行MRI平扫,其中9例行增强扫描,总结其影像学特点.结果 15例GCTTS患者中,局限型12例,弥漫型3例,其中2例术后复发;肿瘤发生于关节周围,T1WI上13例为低或稍低信号,2例为中等信号,T2WI上6例为高低混杂信号,5例为低信号,2例为中等信号,2例为高或稍高信号.结论 GCTTS多发生于手、足等小关节,MRI信号呈多样性,在T1WI呈特征性低信号,在T2WI呈高低混杂信号,具有较高的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.     

人下肢拇长屈肌肌构筑和肌内神经的研究

目的探讨人下肢拇长屈肌肌构筑和肌内神经的关系。方法肌构筑法、改良Sihler＇s染色法。结果人下肢拇长屈肌为羽肌。肌内腱板长（15.52±2.30）cm,宽（0.68±0.24）cm,厚（0.18±0.06）cm。肌重（50.48±2.44）g。肌长（20.84±2.08）cm,肌纤维长（4.12±0.30）cm,羽状角（14.3±0.65）°,肌生理横切面积（11.34±0.45）cm2。支配下肢拇长屈肌的神经于该肌内侧缘分为上下两支1级神经入肌,上支较细,支配该肌上1/4部,下支较粗支,支配该肌下3/4部,神经入肌后于腱板前方进一步分成外侧支和内侧支,神经分支在肌内发出数目不等的次级支,继而向肌的深面和边缘发出终末支。结论人下肢拇长屈肌是羽肌,肌内腱板宽大厚实,倾向力量型设计,拇长屈肌可分为内侧和外侧两部份。     

Hallux valgus deformity treated with the extensor hallucis longus tendon transfer by dynamic correction

Background Recurrence of hallux valgus is considered to be the most common problem experienced postoperatively.We designed and caried out operations to correct hallux valgus by transferring the extensor hallucis longus （EHL） tendon to reduce the likelihood of recurrence.Methods Twenty-five patients （38 feet） with the average age of （46.3±12.3） （range, 22 to 60） years underwent the operation. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score and weight-bearing radiographs of the foot were applied to assess the feet pre- and postoperatively with a mean duration of follow-up of （38.2±3.2） months. The surgical procedure includes the release of the distal soft tissues, excision of the medial eminence, plication of the medial part of the capsule, and transfer of the EHL tendon, and reconstructing its insertion.Results At follow-up, 35 feet （23 patients, 85%） were free from pain at the first metatarsophalangeal （MTP） joint. In three feet （two patients）, the pain was alleviated but persisted. The mean hallux valgus angle decreased significantly from a preoperative 38.3°±8.0° to 7.3°±2.0° at the time of the most recent follow-up （P 〈0.0001）, and the mean intermetatarsal （IM） angle decreased significantly from preoperative 12.5°±3.4° to postoperative 6.5°±2.4° （P 〈0.0001）. The mean score according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society had increased from 46.5 to 84.8 points （P 〈0.0001）.Conclusions Hallux valgus can be corrected by transferring the EHL tendon medially and reconstructing its insertion.The technique can achieve stress balance of metatarsophalangeal joints and therefore prevent the recurrence of hallux valgus.     

A histological observation on the flexor tendon healing within intact sheath

Summary In this study we allowed the sutured chicken flexor tendons to glide back into the uninjured sheaths in order to keep the healing process of flexor tendon from being affected by the healing of surrounding wounded tissues. By observing 12 chickens, 72 digits, with light microscope and transmission electron microscope, it was found that the visceral and parietal synovium of the sheath were the regions with earliest and most active cell proliferation and the major source of repairing cells during the healing process of the flexor tendon. Tendon cells had the ability of intrinsic healing, but delayed as compared to synovium cells. Adhesion between intact parietal synovium and healing tendon and its surrounding tissue could not be avoided.     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤的MRI诊断价值

目的分析MRI对腱鞘巨细胞瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析21例经手术和病理证实的腱鞘巨细胞瘤的病例资料,其中3例为术后复发。所有病例行MR平扫,19例同时增强扫描,总结其MRI表现特点。结果21例腱鞘巨细胞瘤中,局限性17例,弥漫性4例。在T1WI上18例接近于骨骼肌信号,3例稍低于骨骼肌信号;在T2WI上7例介于骨骼肌与皮下脂肪信号之间,12例接近于骨骼肌信号,2例稍低于骨骼肌信号。19例行T1WI脂肪抑制增强扫描,17例不均匀强化,2例均匀强化。结论MRI能够反映腱鞘巨细胞瘤的内部信号特征,对指导临床治疗和随访具有重要价值。     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤的MRI诊断价值

目的 分析MRI对腱鞘巨细胞瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析21例经手术和病理证实的腱鞘巨细胞瘤的病例资料,其中3例为术后复发.所有病例行MR平扫,19例同时增强扫描,总结其MRI表现特点.结果 21例腱鞘巨细胞瘤中,局限性17例,弥漫性4例.在T1WI上18例接近于骨骼肌信号,3例稍低于骨骼肌信号;在T2WI上7例介于骨骼肌与皮下脂肪信号之间,12例接近于骨骼肌信号,2例稍低于骨骼肌信号.19例行T1WI脂肪抑制增强扫描,17例不均匀强化,2例均匀强化.结论 MRI能够反映腱鞘巨细胞瘤的内部信号特征,对指导临床治疗和随访具有重要价值.     

腱鞘巨细胞瘤1129例文献分析

目的分析总结腱鞘巨细胞瘤的临床特点、治疗方法及治疗效果,为临床诊治提供循证依据。方法回顾分析2000年1月至2009年12月10年间文献报导腱鞘巨细胞瘤的病例共1 129例,就其性别、年龄、肿瘤生长部位、外伤史、临床表现、肿瘤的性质、病理特点、诊断和鉴别诊断、误诊情况、治疗经过及治疗效果等进行统计学分析。结果本组病例男女性别比为1：1.36（478：651）,年龄3～87岁,平均37.17岁。病程最短5 d,最长43年,有外伤史者占16.61%。肿瘤生长部位在上肢占68.14%,下肢占30.58%,上肢以手指部多见、下肢以膝部多见。肿瘤局部骨质有缺损、破坏者占20.84%。误诊率为79.3%,手术治疗后复发率为23.64%。本组病例中恶性腱鞘巨细胞瘤有15例,占1.33%。有4例死亡,死亡率为0.35%。结论腱鞘巨细胞瘤多发于手部小关节及腱周组织,多发于青壮年,上肢以手指部多见、下肢以膝部多见,误诊率高,彻底切除局部病灶是最佳治疗方案,但术后复发率高。该病有恶性变的可能,对反复发作的恶性腱鞘巨细胞瘤可以行截肢术,没有病例证明单纯放疗或化疗对本病有效。     

髌骨骨巨细胞瘤1例

病例资料骨巨细胞瘤多发生于长管状骨的骨端,发生在髌骨少见,我院遇到1例,经手术病理证实,报道如下。患者女,17岁,左膝关节疼痛不适十余天,查体：左膝关节肿胀,髌骨处压痛,左膝关节活动正常,左足活动正常。     

拇长伸肌腱移位动力性矫正拇外翻畸形

目的：探讨拇长伸肌腱移位动力矫正拇外翻畸形的机制及临床疗效。方法：20045月至2008年5月采用拇长伸肌腱内移治疗拇外翻畸形35例,58足。男5例,8足,女30例,50足;年龄15～60岁,平均35.3±12.3岁。术前测量拇外翻角21º～55º,平均31.3º±3.37°。跖间角7º～21º,平均12.52º±3.37°。手术将第一跖骨骨赘凿除,内侧关节囊修复,拇收肌横头切断,拇长伸肌腱向内侧移位、止点再造。结果：本组病例术后已随访6～14个月,平均8.2±3.2月。术后拇外翻角5º～18º,平均7.3º±2.0°。跖间角5º～11º,平均6.5º±2.4°;术后功能优50足,良8足,优良率86.2％。2足在术后2个月出现拇内翻,2足术后出现第一跖趾关节活动受限。无拇外翻畸形复发。结论：该手术通过拇长伸肌腱内移等软组织操作恢复了第一跖趾关节内外侧应力平衡,手术简单,矫正畸形效果好,不易出现畸形复发。     

Giant malignant phyllodes tumor: a case report

We present a case of a 57-year-old woman with a giant malignant phyllodes tumor (PT) in her right breast, with maximum diameter of 20 cm. The core-needle and excisional biopsy specimens were diagnosed as suspicious for low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS). The subsequent total mastectomy with partial resection of the pectoral muscles showed predominance of stromal hypercellularity without an epithelial component. However, we diagnosed this as a malignant PT because focal areas showed a leaf-like pattern. In the case of large malignant PTs that exhibit stromal predominance, it can be difficult to distinguish between a pure sarcoma and malignant PT. It is important to thoroughly examine multiple sections from the view point of residual epithelial structure in morphological diagnosis.