山梨酸钾的毒理学评价

目的研究山梨酸钾的毒性,评价其安全性。方法按照GB15193.1-21《食品安全性毒理学评价程序》的方法对山梨酸钾的毒性级别、遗传毒性等进行安全性评价。结果山梨酸钾对小鼠急性毒性实验LD50=1300mg/kg,属低毒级;通过骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、传统致畸试验,发现山梨酸钾无遗传毒性;30d喂养试验对动物体重、血液常规及血清ALT、BUN、GLU、TC、TG均未有明显毒性作用(P>0.05)。结论山梨酸钾是一种安全、相对无毒的食品添加剂,可用于各类食品及饮料中。     

克糖养心口服液食品安全性毒理学试验研究

目的对克糖养心口服液进行食品安全性毒理学评价。方法依据GB15193-94《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》进行急性毒性试验、三项遗传毒性试验(Ames、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)和30 d喂养试验。结果克糖养心口服液对昆明种小鼠经口毒性两周内动物未见明显中毒症状,无动物死亡。三项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性。30 d喂养试验结果表明:该受试物对W istar大鼠的临床检查,血液学、生化学、脏器重量和系数以及病理组织多样指标无明显影响,未发现该受试物有明显的毒性作用。结论克糖养心口服液既无毒也无任何副作用。     

某保健酒的30天喂养及致畸作用试验研究

目的 评价某保健酒的食用安全性。方法 按照我国食品安全性毒理学评价方法，对该保健酒进行了传统致畸试验和30天喂养试验。结果 30天喂养雄性动物的血清肌酐含量与对照组差别有显著性意义，未发现其他不良作用。结论 某保健酒对大鼠的生长发育、组织病理学、血液系统、肝功能、肾功能等无明显不良影响，亦无致畸作用。     

山萸肉醇提液对大鼠的急性毒性、蓄积毒性及致畸胎作用观察

目的:观察山萸肉醇提液对大鼠的急性毒性、蓄积毒性和致畸作用,为进一步开发利用山萸肉提供毒理学资料.方法:采用食品安全性毒理学评价程序与方法规定的急性毒性试验、致畸胎试验以及蓄积毒性试验方法,对山萸肉醇提液进行检测.结果:山萸肉醇提液的LD50＞10 g/kg,蓄积系数＞5;山萸肉醇提液对实验小鼠无致畸胎作用.结论:山萸肉醇提液无急性毒性和蓄积毒性,对脊椎动物胚胎无致畸作用.     

金川牌健生啤酒毒理学安全性实验研究

目的评价金川牌健生啤酒作为保健食品的安全性,为其后续试验提供毒理学安全依据。方法依据卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》,通过小鼠经口急性毒性试验、致突变试验、大鼠30d喂养试验对金川牌健生啤酒进行检测。结果小鼠经口LD50>21.5g/kg.BW,属无毒级物质;致突变试验结果为阴性;大鼠30d喂养试验表明各剂量组体重增长、食物利用率、脏体比、血液学及血清生化指标与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病理检查主要脏器未发现与实验有关的病理性改变。结论从食品毒理学安全性角度评价,金川牌健生啤酒无毒、无致突变作用,因此从试验结果推断长期饮用金川牌健生啤酒是安全的。     

肺炎链球菌自溶酶(LytA)黏膜免疫小鼠的生物安全性评价

目的开展肺炎链球菌自溶酶（LvtA）生物安全性的动物实验研究,为其申报生物制品鉴定提供实验数据。方法制备纯化的重组表达LytA蛋白,以6．5μg、13．0μg和19．5μg3种剂量黏膜免疫BALB／c小鼠,根据《中华人民共和国国家标准食品安全性毒理学评价程序》（GB15193．1—1994）进行LytA的90d喂养试验、传统致畸试验及遗传毒性试验检测,以分析其生物安全性。结果90d喂养试验结果显示各实验组小鼠与对照组小鼠的体重增长趋势一致,且各时间点检测的小鼠体重均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。传统致畸试验检测发现各实验组小鼠与对照组小鼠心脏、肺、肝脏、肾、脾、胃、子宫重量、红细胞和白细胞数目、谷丙转氨酶、尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三脂、血糖、总蛋白、自蛋白及球蛋白等指标均元明显差异（P〉0．05）。小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果显示LytA经鼻腔黏膜免疫小鼠无遗传毒性。结论利用90d喂养试验、传统致畸试验及遗传毒性试验证明LytA鼻腔黏膜免疫BALB／c小鼠安全、毒副作用不明显,有良好的生物安全性,值得进一步研究。     

多不饱和脂肪酸毒理学研究

目的 为多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)安全性评价提供毒理学依据.方法 采用急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、Ames试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和大鼠30天喂养试验进行检测.结果 多不饱和脂肪酸对雌雄性小鼠和雌雄性大鼠经口LD50均>20.0g/kg体重,属无毒类.三种致突变实验均未显示出致突变性,对大鼠30天喂养实验各项指标均未见明显毒性,大鼠30天喂养试验无损害作用剂量为6.66g/kg体重.结论 多不饱和脂肪酸一、二阶段毒性试验结果 均未表现出明显毒性,食用安全.     

五年生鲜人参毒理学研究

目的 对五年生鲜人参的食用安全性进行毒理学评价.方法 采用小鼠、大鼠急性经口毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)、大鼠30d喂养试验.结果 雌、雄小鼠与大鼠经口最大耐受剂量(MTD)均大于19.2g/kg.bw.3项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性,表明该受试物无致突变作用.在大鼠30d喂养试验中,实验动物均生长发育良好,体质量、摄食量、饮水量、血液学、血液生化学、脏器系数及病理组织学相关指标均未见异常变化.结论 五年生鲜人参属于实际无毒物,未见遗传毒性,长期服用安全.     

蜂胶胶囊的毒理学安全性评价

目的对蜂胶胶囊的食用安全性进行毒理学实验评价。方法采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)和30d喂养试验进行检测评价。结果小鼠急性经口毒性MTD20.0g/kg.bw,三项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性。30d喂养试验未显示明显毒性。结论蜂胶胶囊急性毒性分级属无毒级、无遗传毒性,初步估计最大无损害作用剂量大于人体推荐摄入量的100倍。     

诺尼果汁的毒性实验研究

目的为了确定诺尼果汁的食用安全性。方法采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、30d喂养试验、致突变试验(小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验)、致畸试验进行检测。结果小鼠急性经口毒性MTD>16.0g/kg.bw。三项致突变试验结果为阴性。30d喂养试验未显示明显毒性。致畸试验对孕鼠无明显母体毒性、对胎鼠无明显胚胎毒性和致畸性。结论诺尼果汁属无毒级,是安全性食品。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.