青藤碱联合顺铂对顺铂耐药Hela细胞株增殖凋亡的作用

目的 探讨青藤碱联合顺铂对顺铂耐药Hela细胞株增殖凋亡的作用.方法 取对数期Hela细胞,建立顺铂耐药模型,分为对照组、青藤碱组、激活剂组、青藤碱联合激活剂组.对照组不处理,青藤碱组加入青藤碱(40μmol/L终浓度),激活剂组加入Notch信号通路配体Jagged1蛋白(500 ng/ml),青藤碱联合激活剂组加入...     

青藤碱渗透不同动物皮肤的行为研究

目的 :建立青藤碱的透皮吸收研究方法 ,比较青藤碱渗透小鼠皮肤、裸鼠皮肤、家兔皮肤、大鼠皮肤、猪耳皮肤及人体皮肤的透皮吸收行为。方法 :青藤碱的含量测定采用HPLC法 ,计算透皮速率常数J,比较青藤碱渗透上述 6种实验皮肤的透皮速率常数。结果 :青藤碱透过 6种皮肤的透皮速率常数分别为 46 6 7± 16 35、40 34± 8 40、17 6 0± 9 46、2 3 71± 8 79、44 5 6± 11 2 7、38 33± 13 81。结论 :青藤碱对 6种皮肤的渗透性 ,以裸鼠及猪耳皮肤的透皮速率常数与人体皮肤较为接近。     

青藤碱贴片的刺激性研究

目的 :观察所制备青藤碱贴片的刺激性及过敏性。方法 :按《新药审批办法》有关外用药局部刺激性研究的规定进行。结果 :青藤碱贴片在停药后 1h对完整皮肤有轻度刺激性 ,而对损伤皮肤有中度刺激作用 ,仍有一定程度的过敏性。结论 :青藤碱贴片有一定的刺激性及过敏性作用 ,仍需改进     

药物的油水分配系数及透皮吸收速率常数的相关性研究

探讨药物的辛醇 /水分配系数与其透皮吸收速率常数之间的相关性。方法 :用高效液相法测定青藤碱的辛醇 /水分配系数 ,根据pH分配原理实现青藤碱在不同碱性环境中的不同辛醇 /水分配系数并测定其透皮吸收速率常数 ,对二者进行相关性考察。结果 :在本研究的脂溶性及pH范围内 ,青藤碱的透皮速率常数与辛醇 /水分配系数的回归方程为Y =0 .2 44 4X+5 .486 4,r=0 .98;结论 :在pH4～ 10的范围内 ,青藤碱透皮速率常数与辛醇 /水分配系数间有良好的线性关系     

促进剂及压敏胶对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响

目的：对促进剂及压敏胶对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响进行研究。方法：青藤碱的含量测定采用ＨＰＬＣ法,用改进型Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散池进行透皮吸收研究。结果：氮酮及丙二醇（６％、１０％）对青藤碱的透皮吸收有促进作用,聚丙烯酯压敏胶则有阻滞作用。结论：选择正确的压敏胶及促进剂是透皮吸收制剂研究的关键之一。     

不同接收液对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响

本以改进型Franz扩散池为研究工具，以裸鼠皮肤为实验屏障，研究了不同接收液（生理盐水），生理盐水／乙醇，蒸馏水，PEG400饱和水溶液，pH6.8磷酸缓冲液）对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响，结果表明，以pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液为接收液时具有较好的萃取回收率及较高的透皮吸收速率常数，提示磷酸盐缓冲液是进行青藤碱透皮吸收研究的较理想的接收液。     

HPLC法测定风湿宁贴膜中青藤碱的含量

用HPLC(高效液相 )法测定了风湿宁贴膜中主要有效成分青藤碱的含量。结果表明 ,该法简单、灵敏、重现性好 ,线性回归方程为Y =145 8 9X +186 76 ,r=0 9995 ,可作为风湿宁贴膜质量控制方法。     

风湿宁贴片中透皮吸收促进剂的筛选研究

目的 :对风湿宁贴片中的透皮吸收促进剂进行筛选研究。方法 :应用均匀设计法从氮酮、丙二醇、油酸中选择风湿宁贴片的透皮吸收促进剂及最佳配比。结果 :氮酮、丙二醇、油酸的含量配比为 6 %∶10 %∶0 %时 ,风湿宁贴片中的青藤碱有最大的透皮速率常数。结论 :氮酮—丙二醇 (6 %∶10 % )是风湿宁贴片较理想的透皮吸收促进剂。     

中药扶芳藤的现代研究进展

扶芳藤[Euonymus fonunei（Turcz．）Hand．-Mazz．]为卫矛科卫矛属植物，又名爬行卫矛，分布于我国华北、华东、中南、西南各地。在广西，扶芳藤作为少数民族民间药材，又名：岩青藤、千斤藤、土杜仲、换骨筋等，性味辛、平，具有舒筋活络，止血消瘀之功效。用于治疗腰肌劳损，风湿痹痛，     

连梅饮中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量测定

目的探讨连梅饮中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量测定方法。方法采用RP—HPLC／UV法测定连梅饮中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量;色谱柱：Agilent HC C18柱（250×4．6mm,5μm）;乙腈：0．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长275nm;流速1ml／min。结果黄芩苷在0．448—112μg／ml的浓度范围,小檗碱在0．424～106μg／ml的浓度范围内线性良好：低和高浓度的黄芩苷和小檗碱的精密度（RSD）分别为3．88％、4．84％、4．63％、2．29％;加样回收率分别为（104．3±1.3）％、（97．7±6．9）％;连梅饮中黄芩苷的含量为（2．67±0．012）mg／ml,RSD为0．45％（n=3）;小檗碱的含量为（2．47±0．014）mg／ml,RSD为2．98％（n=3）。结论本方法快速、简便、准确,可用于测定制剂中黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量。     

Criterion related validity of self-reported knee symptoms among athletes

The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of self-reported knee symptoms among athletes. During 12 months, 252 athletes answered a weekly questionnaire about concurrent sports activity, knee pain, knee instability, knee swelling and knee locking. Finally, the athletes answered a retrospective questionnaire summing up symptoms during the preceding 12 months. Accordingly, two 12 month period prevalences of the same period were calculated for each knee symptom. The proportion of agreement between the retrospective 12 month questionnaire and the concurrent weekly questionnaires was for knee pain, knee instability, knee swelling and knee locking, 86%, 89%, 89% and 90%, respectively. Using weekly reports as reference, the corresponding sensitivity of the 12 month period prevalence question was 0.86, 0.71, 0.66 and 0.56, respectively. The sensitivities were all significantly associated with the number of weeks since the last episode of the corresponding knee symptom. As concerns estimation of 12 month period prevalences, a retrospective summary questionnaire at the end of the period is a valid substitute for concurrent weekly questionnaire information on knee pain, knee instability and knee swelling, but only a moderate substitute for information on knee locking. A reduction in the length of the period the athlete should recall knee symptoms might improve the questionnaire validity.     

Population crises and population cycles

To prevent a population irretrievably depleting its resources, mammals have evolved a behavioural and physiological response to population crisis. When a mammalian population becomes dangerously dense, there is a reversal of behaviour. Co‐operation and parental behaviour are replaced by competition, dominance and aggressive violence, leading to high mortality, especially of females and young, and a reduced population. The stress of overpopulation and the resulting violence impairs both the immune and the reproductive systems. Hence epidemics complete the crash of the population, and reproduction is slowed for three or four generations, giving the resources ample time to recover. In some mammal species, crisis and crisis response recur regularly, leading to cycles of population growth and relapse, oscillating about a fixed mean.

Population crisis response and population cycles have been equally prominent in the history of human societies. But in man successive advances in food production have made possible growing populations, though with every such advance population soon outgrew resources again. Hence human cycles have been superimposed on a rising curve, producing a saw‐tooth graph. Because advances in food production amounted to sudden disturbances in the relations between human populations and their environments, the crisis response in man has failed to avert famine and resource damage. In the large human societies evolved since the coming of settled agriculture and cities, the basic effects of violence, epidemics, famine and resource damage have been mediated by such specifically human disasters as inflation, unemployment, and political tyranny.

An account of past crises, periods of relative relief from population pressure, and resulting cycles, is given for a number of regions: China, North Africa and Western Asia, the northern Mediterranean, and north‐western Europe. The paper ends with an account of the present world‐wide population crisis, and the solution made possible by Malthus's discovery that, unlike animals, we can choose to check population growth by reducing the birth‐rate, instead of raising the death‐rate, as in other mammals, by the population crisis response.     

心率不稳定时3种不同重建算法对影像质量的影响:MSCT动态心脏体模研究

目的研究心率不稳定时,多层螺旋CT3种不同重建算法对影像质量的影响及时间分辨力,明确快速心率条件下最佳成像方式。方法对象为一个新型动态心脏体模。调节体模,模拟心率60bpm、85bpm和105bpm,各种基础心率都有0、2.5、5、10、15次几种波动。采用GE公司LightSpeed16层螺旋CT机进行扫描。基础心率为60bpm和105bpm时电流300mA,X线管旋转时间为0.5s/周;基础心率85bpm时电流250mA,X线管旋转时间为0.6s/周。将原始数据分别以Snapshot Segment、SnapshotBurst、Snapshot Burst Plus3种方式重建成层厚0.625mm,间隔0.625mm影像,标准重建算法(std),舒张期(ED)采用R-R间期的90%,在Adw4.2工作站进行VR及能显示狭窄层面的MPR重组。依影像质量优劣制定5分评分标准,由3位放射医师采用盲法对影像质量进行评分,取3位医师对重建影像的平均评分进行比较。计算不同基础心率不同重建模式下的时间分辨力。结果(1)在每种基础心率下,随波动幅度增加,3种不同算法所得影像质量都下降。(2)心率60bpm时,同一波动幅度下3种不同算法在对影像质量影响差别不大,仅波动2.5次时Snapshot Segment略差,而波动10、15次时Snapshot Segment略好。对应的时间分辨力分别为250ms、245ms、245ms。(3)心率85bpm及心率波动为0、2.5、5时Snapshot Burst Plus所得影像质量最高,而心率波动为10、15时以Snapshot Burst所得影像质量最高。相应的时间分辨力分别为为300ms、214ms、80ms。(4)心率105bpm时,心率波动为0、2.5、5、10时Snapshot Burst Plus所得影像质量最高,而心率波动为15时以Snapshot Burst所得影像质量最高。相应的时间分辨力分别为250ms、191ms、84ms。结论在每种基础心率状态下,3种不同重建算法所得最好影像质量皆随心率波动幅度的加大而下降。     

A case of fatal multi-organ inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination

A 14-year-old Japanese girl died unexpectedly 2 days after receiving the third dose of the BNT1262b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Autopsy findings showed congestive edema of the lungs, T-cell lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration in the lungs, pericardium, and myocardium of the left atria and left ventricle, liver, kidneys, stomach, duodenum, bladder, and diaphragm. Since there was no preceding infection, allergy, or drug toxicity exposure, the patient was diagnosed with post-vaccination pneumonia, myopericarditis, hepatitis, nephritis, gastroenteritis, cystitis, and myositis. Although neither type of inflammation is fatal by itself, arrhythmia is reported to be the most common cause of death in patients with atrial myopericarditis. In the present case, arrhythmia of atrial origin was assumed as the cause of cardiac failure and death. In sudden post-vaccination deaths, aggressive autopsy systemic search and histological examination involving extensive sectioning of the heart, including the atrium, are indispensable.     

Zum Beweiswert der Stauungs- und Weichteilblutungen beim Erdrosseln und Erwürgen

Zusammenfassung Experimentell wurde geprüft, unter welchen hypostatischen Bedingungen am menschlichen Leichnam petechiale Blutungen bzw. Pseudoekchymosen und -hämatome an Kopf, Hals und Nacken entstehen. Eine nahezu charakteristische komplette Ekchymosierung war nur nach Scheitellage (Kopfstand) zu erreichen. Hämatome entwickelten sich nach kopflastigen Bauchlagen und Scheitellage. Teilweise waren sie, ebenso wie die Ekchymosen, nicht von intravitalen Blutungen z.B. nach Erwürgen und/oder Erdrosseln zu unterscheiden. Außerdem stellten wir Pseudohämatome in den Weichteilen des Hirnschädels fest, welche Gewalteinwirkungen vortäuschten.In Zweifelsfällen muß der gesamte Status (Totenflecke, Vibices, Ekchymosen, Hämatome) in Verbindung mit der atypischen Kopftieflage gewürdigt werden. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, daß auch intravital entstandene Ekchymosen und Hämatome durch Hypostase überlagert und verstärkt werden.

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Summary 14 fresh cadavers of adult persons were placed with the head or body tilted in atypical positions 3 to 65 hours after death. The persons concerned were neither asphyxiated nor had they suffered cranial trauma. Hypostasis in the head and neck occurred more rapidly and intensively the deeper the cranial parts of the body were placed. In the simulated cadaver positions, artificialecchymoses were observed in only a few places, mainly in the eyelids, the conjunctiva, the galea and the temporal muscles except when the head was vertically downwards. Just as with the postmortem haematomas, the hypostatic settling to the plane of the heart was decisive.The experiments have shown that such generalised ecchymosis as occurs in death by throttling and/or choking can never be simulated by postmortem hypostasis. For true strangulation, ecchymoses in the skin of the face, the eyelids, the conjunctivae, in the mucous membranes of the lips, gums, cheeks, tongue, pharynx, tonsils, palate, larynx, nose, the submandibular glands and possibly of the cervical glands are obligatory.Haematomas formed in the musculature of the neck only when the body was lying supine or on its back and in the laryngeal region when the head was vertically downwards; in the throat and neck muscles when the face was lowest; and when lying prone, with the body tilted at least 15°, in the throat and neck muscles and in the laryngeal region. In contrast to intravital bleeding into the soft tissues, in death by strangulation or after blunt cranial traumas pseudo-ecchymoses and pseudo-haematomas both in the galea and also in the temporal muscles were mainly limited to the lowest hypostatic area. Macroscopically these haematomas could not be differentiated from intravital haematomas as, for example after throttling and/or choking. In doubtful cases it must therefore be established whether the cadaver was found in an atypical positon with the head hanging down. If necessary, the fact that true intravital ecchymoses or haematomas may have been overlayed or intensified by hypostasis must be borne in mind.

     

Neurografía de alta resolución del nervio peroneo en resonancia magnética 3T

Peroneal neuropathy is the most common mononeuropathy of the lower limbs. The causes of peroneal neuropathy include trauma, tumors of the nerve and nerve sheath, entrapment, and others like perineurioma, fibromatosis, lymphoma, and intraneural and externeural ganglia. The diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and electrophysiological studies. Nowadays, however, magnetic resonance (MR) neurography is a complementary diagnostic technique that can help determine the location and cause of peroneal neuropathy. In this article, we describe the MR anatomy of the peroneal nerve, its relations, and the muscles it innervates. We also discuss the clinical and electrophysiological manifestations of peroneal neuropathy, describe the technical parameters used at our institution, and illustrate the MR appearance of various diseases that involve the peroneal nerve.     

右美托咪定联合氯胺酮滴鼻用于小儿扁桃体摘除术术前镇静的效果

目的 探讨右美托咪定联合氯胺酮对小儿扁桃体摘除术术前镇静的有效性及安全性.方法 选择2019-01至2020-12在解放军总医院第四医学中心麻醉科行扁桃体摘除术儿童90例,按照随机数字表法将患儿分为右美托咪定(dexme-detomidine,D)组、氯胺酮(ketamine,K)组和右美托咪定联合氯胺酮(dexmed...     

与时俱进积极推进新疆奶业产业化发展

根据“十六大”提出全面建设小康的要求，新疆农民致富的重点在发展奶业上，奶业产业化是建设现代农业的必由之路，也是增加农民收入的战略选择。新疆奶业仍存在良种牛数量不足，单产水平低，饲养管理条件差，原料奶生产分散，盲目决策，牛奶商品率低，营销有误区等问题。需要培育奶业专业合作经济组织或龙头企业，树立人工种草养奶牛的新思路，完善牛奶质量检测技术，依靠科技增强新疆奶业整体实力，以资本为纽带，推动新疆奶业产业化进程。     

大鼠深静脉血栓形成模型建立及观察

目的建立大鼠深静脉血栓形成（DVT）模型,观察实验大鼠术前及术后不同时间凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原含量、D-二聚体含量及血栓长度的变化情况。 方法将30只SD大鼠用结扎阻断下腔静脉及其分支,并用微血管夹钳夹损伤静脉壁的方法诱导深静脉血栓形成。于术前第1天及术后第1、4、7、10、14、21天采静脉血检测纤维蛋白原含量、D-二聚体含量及凝血酶原时间,并行血管造影观察血栓及血管再通情况。 结果共23只大鼠深静脉血栓模型制作成功,功率76.67%（23/30）。纤维蛋白原含量、凝血酶原时间及D-二聚体含量在术前与术后之间的差异有统计学意义,但术后不同时间之间差异无统计学意义;术后血栓长度在不同时间的差异均有统计学意义。 结论凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体可作为是否有血栓形成的重要参考指标,但在评价病情进展及严重程度方面价值有限;血栓长度随时间先增长,后又溶解,直至消失。     

Assessment of the transfer,persistence, prevalence and recovery of DNA traces from clothing: An inter-laboratory study on worn upper garments

Among the various items recovered from crime scenes or persons involved in a crime event, clothing items are commonly encountered and submitted for forensic DNA sampling. Depending on the case circumstances and the activity-of-interest, sampling of the garment may concentrate on collecting DNA from the wearer, or from one or more offenders who have allegedly contacted the item and/or wearer. Relative to the targeted DNA, background DNA already residing on the item from previous contacts, or transferred during or after the crime event, may also be collected during sampling and observed in the resultant DNA profile. Given our limited understanding of how, and from where, background DNA is derived on clothing, research on the transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery (TPPR) of DNA traces from upper garments was conducted by four laboratories. Samples were collected from several areas of two garments, each worn on separate working or non-working days and individually owned by four individuals from each of the four laboratories, and processed from DNA extraction through to profiling. Questionnaires documented activities relating to the garment prior to and during wearing, and reference profiles were obtained from the wearer and their close associates identified in the questionnaire. Among the 448 profiles generated, variation in the DNA quantity, composition of the profiles, and inclusion/exclusion of the wearer and their close associates was observed among the collaborating laboratories, participants, garments worn on different occasions, and garment areas sampled.