周围神经显微减压术治疗糖尿病性上肢周围神经病

目的 探讨周嗣神经显微减压术治疗糖尿病性上肢周围神经病的疗效.方法 应用腕管正中神经显微减压术及肘管尺神经显微减压、肌下转位术治疗15例糖尿病性上肢周围神经病患者(25侧手28根神经).结果 平均随访37个月.15例糖尿病性上肢周围神经病患者25侧手部麻木、疼痛症状术后100%缓解,手部力弱、运动功能不良症状术后缓解率60 %(15/25),随访期间症状复发1侧手正中神经(3%,1/28).并发症:手术切口愈合不良3处(11%,3/28).结论 周围神经显微减压术是治疗糖尿病性上肢周围神经病的有效方法,其改善手部感觉障碍的疗效好于改善运动功能不良的疗效.     

肘管尺神经显微减压术治疗糖尿病性上肢周围神经病

目的探讨肘管尺神经显微减压术治疗糖尿病性上肢周围神经病的疗效。方法应用肘管尺神经显微减压、肌下转位术治疗6例（9侧手）糖尿病性上肢周围神经病患者。结果平均随访20个月。6例糖尿病性上肢周围神经病患者9侧手部麻木、、疼痛症状术后100％缓解，手部力弱、运动功能不良症状术后缓解率55．6％（5／9），随访期间症状无复发。并发症有手术切口愈合不良1侧（11．1％，1／9）。结论周围神经显微减压术是治疗糖尿病性上肢周围神经病的有效方法，其改善手部感觉障碍的疗效好于改善运动功能不良的疗效。     

周围神经显微减压术治疗糖尿病性下肢周围神经病

目的 探讨周围神经显微减压术治疗糖尿病性下肢周围神经病的疗效.方法 应用腓总神经、腓深神经、胫后神经主干及其分支显微减压术治疗42例糖尿病性下肢周围神经病患者(54侧下肢).结果 平均随访40个月.42例糖尿病性下肢周围神经病患者54侧下肢膝下麻木、疼痛症状术后89％ (48/54)缓解,肢体平衡问题术后70％ (21/30)缓解,随访期间54侧下肢无一侧发生顽固性溃疡或截肢.术后拇指两点辨别觉好转40侧(74％,40/54),腓总神经、胫后神经感觉、运动神经传导速度及动作电位波幅改善38侧(70％,38/54).并发症:踝部切口愈合不良3侧(6％,3/54).结论 周围神经显微减压术是治疗糖尿病性下肢周围神经病的有效方法,严格把握手术指征及术中神经彻底减压是保证疗效的关键.     

应用外周神经减压术治疗2型糖尿病性周围神经病

目的 探讨应用外周神经减压术治疗2型糖尿病性周围神经病的疗效.方法 采用腓总神经、腓深神经及胫后神经三处外周神经减压术治疗46例临床表现为双下肢对称性麻木、疼痛及感觉异常的2型糖尿病性周围神经病患者,并进行回顾性分析.结果 术后下肢麻木症状明显缓解69.6%（32例）,缓解23.9%（11例）,无变化6.5%（3例）.术后下肢疼痛症状明显缓解36.8%（14例）,缓解57.9%（22例）,无变化5.3%（2例）.结论 外周神经减压术对于2型糖尿病性周围神经病的自发性疼痛、麻木有较好疗效.     

糖尿病周围神经病的手术治疗

目的探讨Dellon三联周围神经减压术（腓总神经、腓深神经及胫后神经减压术）治疗糖尿病周围神经病（DPN）下肢病变的手术疗效。方法分析2006年7月～2011年11月采用Dellon三联周围神经减压手术治疗的40例（DPN）患者的资料,观察他们的临床特点、手术方法、手术效果和随访结果。结果临床表现以渐进性小腿和足底、足背部麻木起病者35例,以渐进性疼痛起病者5例。术后下肢麻木症状缓解率90％,术后下肢疼痛症状缓解率92％。术后平均随访12个月临床症状缓解的所有患者病情稳定,1例患者术后1个月出现足底部分区域疼痛缓解后再次出现疼痛,其余病人症状无复发或加重。结论Dellon三联周围神经减压术对于（DPN）缓解疼痛、恢复感觉有较好疗效,是一种安全、有效、微创治疗新技术和新方法。     

周围神经显微减压术治疗上肢透析相关周围神经病的疗效分析

目的探讨周围神经显微减压术治疗上肢透析相关周围神经病(DRPN)的疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至12月中日友好医院神经外科收治的15例上肢DRPN患者的临床资料。15例患者共22侧患肢,其中对2侧患肢行单纯正中神经减压术,对20侧患肢行正中神经联合尺神经减压术。出院后对所有患者行门诊随访,随访内容包括复查肌电图,询问患者患肢麻木、疼痛症状及运动功能障碍的改善情况,以评估手术疗效。结果15例患者的手术均成功。术后6处(6/42)切口出现愈合不良,经保守治疗后好转。15例患者的随访时间为(12.0±4.5)个月(6.0~20.0个月)。肌电图复查结果显示,正中神经感觉神经的传导速度[(46.3±3.1)m/s]和动作电位波幅[(9.2±1.6)mV]均较术前增加[分别为(37.5±1.8)m/s、(7.7±1.1)mV,均P<0.05],运动神经的传导速度[(47.7±2.8)m/s]和动作电位波幅[(10.1±1.9)mV]也均较术前增加[分别为(37.8±2.4)m/s、(7.7±1.6)mV,均P<0.05]。尺神经感觉神经的传导速度[(45.0±3.6)m/s]和动作电位波幅[(9.2±2.1)mV]均较术前增加[分别为(36.4±2.9)m/s、(6.9±1.2)mV,均P<0.05],运动神经的传导速度[(45.8±3.2)m/s]和动作电位波幅[(8.6±2.5)mV]也均较术前增加[分别为(40.1±1.6)m/s、(6.2±1.3)mV,均P<0.05]。至末次随访,15例患者22侧(22/22)患肢的疼痛症状均得到缓解,16侧(16/22)患肢的麻木症状得到缓解,18侧(18/18)患肢的运动功能障碍得到缓解。结论初步推测周围神经显微减压术是治疗上肢DRPN的有效方法;同时术前明确诊断和术中神经彻底减压是保证疗效的关键。     

神经减压术联合丹红注射液治疗痛性糖尿病性周围神经病

目的探讨周围神经减压术联合丹红注射液治疗痛性糖尿病性下肢周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法 28例痛性糖尿病性下肢周围神经病患者,分为实验组与对照组,均行腓总神经、腓深神经、胫后神经主干及其分支显微减压术,术后分别应用丹红注射液和甲钴胺治疗,观察两组疗效差异。结果对照组获得50%以上和30%以上疼痛缓解率者分别占47.0%和64.7%,实验组为72.2%和94.4%;实验组腓、胫神经感觉传导速度改善5 m/s以上的比例为72.2%和83.3%,优于对照组47.1%和70.6%;多伦多临床神经病变评分(TCSS)改善,实验组为(6.71±1.98)分同样优于对照组(4.93±2.50)分。结论周围神经显微减压术是治疗痛性糖尿病性周围神经病变的有效方法,术后辅以丹红注射液可获得更佳疗效。     

应用外周神经减压术治疗痛性糖尿病神经病

目的探讨外周神经减压术治疗痛性糖尿病神经病的疗效。方法应用腓总神经、腓深神经及胫后神经三处外周神经减压术治疗28例临床表现为双下肢对称性疼痛的痛性糖尿病神经病患者，并进行回顾性分析。结果36％（10例）患者术后疼痛明显缓解，61％（17例）患者症状缓解，3％（1例）患者症状无变化。结论应用外周神经减压术，可有效帮助痛性糖尿病神经病患者缓解疼痛。     

神经减压术治疗糖尿病周围神经病疗效的电生理学评价

目的探讨神经减压术对糖尿病周围神经病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012-09—2014-09我院收治的100例糖尿病合并周围神经病患者,按照治疗方案分为治疗组(行神经减压术)和治疗组(保守治疗)各50例。对比治疗前后患者症状的改善程度以及肢体正中神经、腓总神经的运动神经传导速度等临床症状。结果治疗前2组临床特征差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗组有效率显著低于对照组(P0.05);对照组患者感觉神经和运动神经均未见明显改善(均P0.05);治疗组患者运动神经和感觉神经传导速度明显加快,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),治疗后振动感觉阈值和热感觉阈值均低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),而冷感觉阈值高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在保守治疗的基础上,联合神经减压术治疗糖尿病周围神经病疗效较好,有利于患者健康的恢复,且创伤较小,值得临床推广应用。     

显微神经外科手术治疗痉挛型脑瘫738例临床观察

目的探讨显微神经外科手术治疗痉挛型脑瘫的疗效。方法回顾分析2000年3月至2003年3月显微神经外科手术治疗的738例痉挛型脑瘫病例,根据病例的不同情况采用相应的选择性周围神经部分切断术,包括:胫神经、坐骨神经、肌皮神经、正中神经、颈段和腰骶段脊神经后根。结果全部病人平均随访19个月。98.6%病人术后立即感痉挛状态缓解,随访期间缓解率为89.5%。术后6周内运动功能改善率为75.0%,随访期间为87%。生活质量提高率在随访期间为90.2%。术后发生肢体感觉障碍199侧(21.7%),肌无力123侧(13.4%),随访期间均见好转。术后肢体痉挛状态不同程度复发83例(9.1%)。结论选择性周围神经部分切断术是治疗痉挛型脑瘫安全有效的手术方法。选择合适的病例、熟悉局部解剖、掌握显微手术技巧和术后坚持长期正规康复训练是保证疗效的关键。     

Microsurgical decompression of the median nerves for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the upper limbs： A 21-month follow-up

BACKGROUND： Peripheral nerve injured by abnormal glucose metabolism is compressed, which is an important etiological factor of diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN）. Microsurgical decompression of peripheral nerve maybe effectively releases the symptoms of DPN. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the curative effects of microsurgical decompression of median nerves for treatment of DPN in upper limbs. DESIGN： Case-follow up observation. SETTING： Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health. PARTICIPANTS： Twelve patients with DPN in upper limbs （19 hands） who received treatment in the Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Public Health between March 2004 and July 2006 were involved in this experiment. The involved patients, 5 male and 7 female, were aged 44 to 77 years, with DPN course of 6 months to 16 years. They all met 1999 WHO diabetic diagnosis criteria. Both two hands had symptom in 7 patients, and only one hand had symptom in 5 patients. Informed consents of detected items were obtained from all the patients, who also received 21 months of follow-up treatment. METHODS： （1）Operation was carried out under the anesthetic status of brachial plexus. Under an operating microscope, transverse carpal ligament was exposed. Subsequently, transverse carpal ligament, forearm superficial fascia and palmar aponeurosis were fully liberated, and then part of them was cut off. Connective tissue around median nerve, superficial flexor muscle of fingers, radial flexor, palmaris longus and other flexor tendons were completely loosened. Finally, epineurium was opened with microinstrument for neurolysis. After tourniquet was loosened, and bipolar coagulator was used to stop bleeding, and the incision was closed. （2） In postoperative 21 months, the subjective symptom, two-point discrimination （The smallest distance of two normal points was 3 to 6 mm）, nerve conduction velocity and action potential amplitude （short abductor muscle of thumb end Lat 〈 4.5 ms; Motor nerve conduction velocity of forearm 〉 50 m/s）, etc. of all the patients were followed up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES＂ The objective evaluation and long-term follow up of curative effect of microsurgical decompression of median nerves for treatment of DPN in upper limbs. RESULTS： Twelve patients with DPN in upper limbs participated in the final analysis. （1） After operation, numbness and pain symptom releasing 100% were found in 19 hands of 12 patients with DPN. During follow up, numbness and recrudescent pain symptom were found in one hand （5%, 1/19）. （2）Postoperatively, index finger two point discrimination in 15 （94%, 15/16） hands recovered to normal. （3） nerve conduction velocity and action potential amplitude improved completely. （4） Two hands （2/19, 10% ）had poor healing at incision, and they late healed at postoperative 1 and 1.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSION： Long-term follow-up results show that microsurgical decompression is an effective method to treat DPN in upper limbs.     

交感皮肤反应对糖尿病自主神经病变的诊断价值

目的探讨交感皮肤反应（sympathetic skin response,SSR）在糖尿病自主神经病变诊断中的价值。方法对186例糖尿病周围神经病（Diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN）患者和203例糖尿病非DPN患者进行SSR检测,同时对102例健康人进行SSR检测。结果SSR起始潜伏期异常率高于波幅异常率,下肢的异常率高于上肢异常率。DPN患者中,174例（93.5%）SSR异常,其中32例未引出SSR,142例起始潜伏期延长,109例波幅下降。203例DM非DPN患者中,46例（22.7%）SSR起始潜伏期延长和/或波幅下降,其中19例有出汗异常,4例在检查后数月出现出汗异常。结论SSR是早期诊断糖尿病自主神经病变的敏感手段,可发现亚临床神经病,并与病情进展相吻合。     

依帕司他与甲钴胺联合治疗糖尿病周围神经病变疗效观察

目的探讨依帕司他联合甲钴胺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的疗效。方法对96例DPN患者随机分为治疗组48例和对照组48例。在控制血糖血脂等治疗的基础上,治疗组采用依帕司他联合应用甲钴胺,对照组单用甲钴胺,8周后比较2组治疗前后症状、体征变化及神经传导速度（包括腓总神经和正中神经运动神经传导速度（MNCV）和感觉神经传导速度（SNCV）。结果治疗组总有效率87.50%,明显优于对照组64.58%（P〈0.01）;正中、腓总神经传导速度（MNCV和SNCV）2组间和组内进行比较,差异均有统计学性意义（P〈0.05）。结论采用依帕司他联合甲钴胺治疗DPN能明显改善患者症状、体征、传导功能,从而达到良好的治疗效果。     

Peripheral neuropathy in patients with beta-thalassaemia.

As some patients with beta-thalassaemia manifested neurological signs, clinical and electrophysiological investigations were carried out on 53 thalassaemic patients and 29 healthy control subjects. Twenty per cent of the patients showed clinical and electrophysiological findings of a mild peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, mainly of the lower limbs. The clinical symptoms were numbness, pins and needles sensations, muscular cramps, myalgia and muscle weakness. The electrophysiological abnormalities were manifested by decreased motor conduction velocity (MCV) and prolonged F-wave latencies of the tibial and the peroneal nerves. Borderline increase in the latencies of the sensory potentials of the median nerve was also observed. The electromyographic findings of the patients with diminished MCVs were compatible with a predominantly motor peripheral neuropathy. This neuropathy appears during the second and third decade of life.     

A case of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy of neuronal type with retardation of motor development

An atypical case of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy of neuronal type with retardation of motor development was described. The patient was a 15-year-old boy who had suffered from distal muscle weakness with atrophy of four limbs and deformities of hands and feet since age 6 months. These symptoms were slowly progressive. He had never walked. His parents were not consanguinous. His parents and two siblings were unremarkable on neurological examination and on nerve conduction studies. On neurological examination, he showed severe degree of muscle weakness and atrophy in the distal upper and lower limbs, moderate degree of muscle weakness and atrophy in the proximal upper limbs and slight degree of made weakness and atrophy in the proximal upper limbs. Deep tendon reflexes in four limbs were decreased or absent. Vibration sensation was moderately decreased in the distal parts of four limbs. On the nerve conduction studies, no sensory nerve potential was recorded in the median, ulnar and sural nerves bilaterally. Motor nerve conduction velocity of the right tibial nerve was 21 m/sec and the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (M-wave) was 0.15 mV, and no M-wave was elicited with the electrical stimulation of the median, ulnar and peroneal nerves. Neelde EMG showed fibrillation potentials and giant spikes with a reduction of the number of motor units. On sural nerve biopsy, the densities of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were severely decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)