基于局部调整动态轮廓模型提取超声图像乳腺肿瘤边缘

提出一种基于局部调整动态轮廓模型提取超声图像乳腺肿瘤边缘的算法.该算法在Chan-Vese (CV)模型基础上,定义了一个局部调整项,采用基于水平集的动态轮廓模型提取超声图像乳腺肿瘤边缘.将该算法应用于89例临床超声图像乳腺肿瘤的边缘提取实验,结果表明:该算法比CV模型更适用于具有区域非同质性的超声图像的分割,可有效实现超声图像乳腺肿瘤边缘的提取.     

基于融合双模态超声瘤内瘤周影像的乳腺肿瘤分类

本研究通过135例临床乳腺肿瘤的灰阶超声和应变弹性超声的双模态图像研究,并结合肿瘤感兴趣区域(region of interest,ROI)与瘤周组织超声信息进行乳腺肿瘤的良恶性分类.首先,分别提取肿瘤ROI区域的常规灰阶超声和应变弹性超声的影像组学特征:形态学特征(14个)、强度特征(18个)和纹理特征(75个),并...     

基于坐标匹配和子图切分定位乳腺钼靶图像的感兴趣区域

乳腺X线摄影技术是早期发现和诊断乳腺肿瘤的首选方法。提取乳腺钼靶图像的感兴趣区域(region of interest,ROI)并利用人工智能算法对其进行模式识别,可有效提高乳腺肿瘤筛查工作的效率。试验图像均来自DDSM乳腺X线钼靶图像公开数据库,以其中BI-RADS分类为第4类(BI-RADS4)的簇状分布多形性钙化钼靶图像为研究对象,探求在设计乳腺钼靶图像分类器过程中提取ROI的新方法。结果显示,设计出优化的分类器后,可高效地识别试验对象,其测试集上的分类准确率最高可达99.3%。因此,本研究可为医生的临床研判提供辅助信息,并为细分BI-RADS4、进一步精准诊断奠定技术基础。     

基于CT图像的肺结节计算机辅助诊断系统

本文介绍了一种基于CT图像的肺结节计算机辅助自动诊断系统。我们将肺结节的自动检测分为肺实质的提取、感兴趣区域（ROI）的分割和ROI特征参数提取及分类判别几个步骤。该系统能够在对肺部CT图像进行自动分析后给医生提示出可疑肺结节，从而提高了医疗诊断效率。     

基于超声图像的乳腺钙化点自动检测技术

当前乳腺钙化点检测方法多基于X光片,难以应用于超声图像,本研究提出基于超声图像的乳腺钙化点自动检测技术,首先将乳腺超声图像中的肿瘤区域通过勾画模板提取出来,基于简单线性迭代聚类算法进行超像素分割;然后提取表征各超像素的特征量来计算显著性图,基于钙化区域显著性进行粗钙化点分割;最终对分割后的粗钙化点进行形态学检测,达到对超声图像中的细钙化点自动检测。该方法取得了较好的分割效果,具有较强的鲁棒性,为形成具有普适性的肿瘤自动诊断方案奠定了研究基础。     

独立分量分析在乳腺钼靶X片感兴趣区域提取中的应用

为乳腺癌早期诊断和乳腺X线影像微钙化点计算机辅助检测的前期预处理,本研究提出基于独立分量分析（ICA）的自动提取新算法并且将其应用于乳腺图像感兴趣区域的自动提取.其具体思路是：（1）将乳腺区域图像提取成等大的子图像作为待测乳腺图像感兴趣区域;（2）将ICA应用于乳腺图像感兴趣区域得到基图像;（3）将待识别乳腺图像感兴趣区域在基图像所构成的子空间进行投影求得待测乳腺图像感兴趣区域的特征矢量;（4）用人工神经网络分类方法进行乳腺图像感兴趣区域的模式判别.对临床实际病例的试验结果表明,该方法的检出率为91%,与同类研究检出率相当.本研究方法简单有效,并具有较高的智能性,为ROI的自动提取提供了新的研究思路.     

基于模糊数的乳腺肿瘤超声图像边缘快速提取方法

乳腺肿瘤边缘的准确提取在临床上对肿瘤良恶性的判别有重要的意义。本文利用三角模糊数的概念，采用重叠式窗口从图像中得到与不同隶属度对应的模糊数，从而建立以步进方格（marching square）为基本单元的模糊数平面；通过区间阈值得到步进方格上的映射区间，根据步进方格算法将对应映射区间着色绘制出肿瘤的边界。分别对恶性和良性肿瘤超声图像进行边缘提取。结果显示，本文方法相比一般提取边缘的算法具有快速准确提取乳腺肿瘤边缘的特点。实验证明本方法可以有效用于乳腺肿瘤超声图像边缘提取。     

基于模型的乳腺X线图像胸肌分割算法研究

本文提出了一种基于模型的乳腺X线图像分割胸肌区域的新算法。该算法利用一组不同尺寸的感兴趣区(ROI)作用到乳腺X线图像，进而将每一个ROI得到的最优阎值组合成一条最优阎值曲线以及与该曲线对应的局部均方差曲线。在此基础上，根据我们提出的近似真实乳腺图像胸肌模型的特征，自动确定图像中胸肌区域的最佳分割阈值。最后，使用两段直线粗拟舍和多边形精拟合，精确提取出了阈值化的胸肌边界。通过对多达60幅临床乳腺X线图像的实际测定，得到了比较理想的胸肌边界检测效果。     

一种基于LBP特征提取和稀疏表示的肝病识别算法

由于肝脏超声图像具有回声不均匀、边缘模糊等缺点,肝脏疾病的无创诊断易受影响,而且目前临床基于肝脏超声图像的肝病诊断主要依靠医生的主观判断,其缺点为依赖医生主观经验且耗时,因此提出一种基于局部二值模式(LBP)特征提取和稀疏表示的肝病识别算法。从肝脏超声图像中提取感兴趣区域,使用LBP特征提取方法对感兴趣区域提取图像特征,将得到的特征进行字典训练,得到稀疏矩阵,最终采取支持向量机对其进行分类。实验样本均取自青岛大学附属医院肝胆科。实验1使用该方法对100个正常肝脏样本和100个肝硬化样本进行分类,准确率达到99.50%,实验2使用该方法对肝硬化、脂肪肝、肝血管瘤和肝癌4类样本共200个进行分类,AUC值分别为67.2%、65.1%、55.0%和62.6%。ROC曲线表明,提出的分类方法在准确率和泛化能力上均优于传统方法,有助于肝病的临床诊断。     

基于定向局部对比度的眼底图像视盘检测方法

视盘作为眼底图像的一个重要特征,其自动检测方法在眼底病变图像分析中有着重要的作用。提出一种基于定向局部对比度滤波的方法,有效地提取眼底图像中的局部亮度区域;结合视盘区域的局部血管特征,选择定位出正确的视盘感兴趣区域;采用数学形态学方法和区域主动轮廓模型,可较准确地检测出视盘轮廓。对开放的STARE数据库上的81幅眼底图像进行测试,其中含31幅正常和50幅病变图像（含严重病理图像）,用该方法正确检测出视盘73幅,准确率约为90.1%。结果表明,该方法有效地克服大块亮斑病灶对视盘检测的影响,且仅需提取粗血管,计算较为简单,说明了算法的有效性。     

Complexity curve and grey level co-occurrence matrix in the texture evaluation of breast tumor on ultrasound images

This work aims at investigating texture parameters in distinguishing malign and benign breast tumors on ultrasound images. A rectangular region of interest (ROI) containing the tumor and its neighboring was defined for each image. Five parameters were extracted from the complexity curve (CC) of the ROI. Another five parameters were calculated from the grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) also for the ROI. The same was carried out for internal tumor region, hence, totaling 20 parameters. The linear discriminant analysis was applied to sets of up to five parameters and then the performances were assessed. The most relevant individual parameters were the contrast (con) (from the GLCM over the ROI) and the maximum value (mvi) from the CC just for the tumor internal region). When they were taken together, a correct classification slightly over 80% of the breast tumors was achieved. The highest performance (accuracy=84.2%, sensitivity=87.0%, and specificity=78.8%) was obtained with mvi, con, the standard deviation of the pixel pairs and the entropy, both for GLCM, and the internal region contrast also from GLCM. Parameters extracted from the internal region generally performed better and were more significant than those from the ROI. Moreover, parameters calculated only from CC or GLCM resulted in no statistically significant performance difference. These findings suggest that the texture parameters can be useful to help radiologist in distinguishing between benign or malign breast tumors on ultrasound images.     

Breast Ultrasound Image Classification Based on Multiple-Instance Learning

Breast ultrasound (BUS) image segmentation is a very difficult task due to poor image quality and speckle noise. In this paper, local features extracted from roughly segmented regions of interest (ROIs) are used to describe breast tumors. The roughly segmented ROI is viewed as a bag. And subregions of the ROI are considered as the instances of the bag. Multiple-instance learning (MIL) method is more suitable for classifying breast tumors using BUS images. However, due to the complexity of BUS images, traditional MIL method is not applicable. In this paper, a novel MIL method is proposed for solving such task. First, a self-organizing map is used to map the instance space to the concept space. Then, we use the distribution of the instances of each bag in the concept space to construct the bag feature vector. Finally, a support vector machine is employed for classifying the tumors. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better performance: the accuracy is 0.9107 and the area under receiver operator characteristic curve is 0.96 (p < 0.005).     

计算机辅助系统在诊断乳腺良恶性肿瘤中的应用

目的:探讨计算机辅助诊断系统在良恶性肿瘤检测与特征提取基础上的分类对于乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析乳腺超声检查发现肿瘤且经过病理学证实的617例患者影像资料,采用手工提取的方式得到乳腺超声图像的感兴趣区域及病灶轮廓,再利用方向梯度直方图（HOG）、局部二值模式（LBP）和灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）3个特征进行乳腺肿瘤的良恶性病变真假阳性检测;最后用受试者操作特征曲线（ROC）分别分析每个特征对于两类病变判别的诊断性能和应用所有特征集合的分类诊断性能。结果:多特征融合方法的各项诊断效能及ROC曲线下面积（AUC）值均优于单特征LBP、HOG、GLCM（P值均<0.05）。与人工诊断相比,多特征融合的敏感性无显著差异,但特异度显著升高达98.57%（Z值=2.25, P<0.05）,同时AUC值为0.985,显著优于人工诊断的0.910（Z值=1.99, P<0.05）。结论:计算机辅助系统乳腺超声肿瘤良恶性检测的算法是有效的,能够对乳腺癌鉴别诊断提供有益的参考。     

Level Set Contouring for Breast Tumor in Sonography

The echogenicity, echotexture, shape, and contour of a lesion are revealed to be effective sonographic features for physicians to identify a tumor as either benign or malignant. Automatic contouring for breast tumors in sonography may assist physicians without relevant experience, in making correct diagnoses. This study develops an efficient method for automatically detecting contours of breast tumors in sonography. First, a sophisticated preprocessing filter reduces the noise, but preserves the shape and contrast of the breast tumor. An adaptive initial contouring method is then performed to obtain an approximate circular contour of the tumor. Finally, the deformation-based level set segmentation automatically extracts the precise contours of breast tumors from ultrasound (US) images. The proposed contouring method evaluates US images from 118 patients with breast tumors. The contouring results, obtained with computer simulation, reveal that the proposed method always identifies similar contours to those obtained with manual sketching. The proposed method provides robust and fast automatic contouring for breast US images. The potential role of this approach might save much of the time required to sketch a precise contour with very high stability.     

Automated breast tumor detection and segmentation with a novel computational framework of whole ultrasound images

Due to the low contrast and ambiguous boundaries of the tumors in breast ultrasound (BUS) images, it is still a challenging task to automatically segment the breast tumors from the ultrasound. In this paper, we proposed a novel computational framework that can detect and segment breast lesions fully automatic in the whole ultrasound images. This framework includes several key components: pre-processing, contour initialization, and tumor segmentation. In the pre-processing step, we applied non-local low-rank (NLLR) filter to reduce the speckle noise. In contour initialization step, we cascaded a two-step Otsu-based adaptive thresholding (OBAT) algorithm with morphologic operations to effectively locate the tumor regions and initialize the tumor contours. Finally, given the initial tumor contours, the improved Chan-Vese model based on the ratio of exponentially weighted averages (CV-ROEWA) method was utilized. This pipeline was tested on a set of 61 breast ultrasound (BUS) images with diagnosed tumors. The experimental results in clinical ultrasound images prove the high accuracy and robustness of the proposed framework, indicating its potential applications in clinical practice.

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乳腺肿瘤超声图像特征参数量化研究进展

乳腺肿瘤超声图像的特征量化分析对判别肿瘤的良、恶性具有重要价值。本文总结了良性和恶性乳腺肿瘤在超声图像上的特点，将乳腺良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤鉴别特征在形状、边缘、边界、朝向、回声特点几个方面的量化方法和量化参数进行了较为全面的梳理，并对量化特征与肿瘤良、恶性之间的关系进行了分析。     

Ultrasound-guided microwave imaging of breast cancer: tissue phantom and pilot clinical experiments

Microwave imaging promises high contrast between tumor and normal breast tissues, but its spatial resolution is limited. Here, we present a multimodality approach for high-resolution microwave imaging, where microwave image reconstruction is structurally guided by ultrasound imaging. The combined imaging concept is demonstrated using tissue phantom measurements obtained from a 16 x 15 transmitter/receiver microwave imaging system and a modified B-mode ultrasound system. With the geometry of the target and background known a priori from ultrasound, successful dielectric property images are recovered using a finite element-based reconstruction algorithm. We show that a target as small as 1.2 mm in diameter can be imaged with the multimodality approach, whereas it is impossible to detect such a small-size object using microwave imaging alone. The pilot clinical studies on two cases suggest that breast tumors can be much more accurately detected by the multimodality method.     

A non-linear morphometric feature selection approach for breast tumor contour from ultrasonic images

Ultrasound breast images have been used to improve diagnostics and decrease the number of unneeded biopsies. Malignant breast tumors tend to present irregular and blurred contours while benign ones are usually round, smooth and well-defined. Accordingly, investigating the tumor contour may help in establishing diagnosis. Herein, Mutual Information and Linear Discriminant Analysis were implemented to rank morphometric features in discriminating breast tumors in ultrasound images. Seven features were extracted from Convex Polygon and the Normalized Radial Length techniques. By applying a Mutual Information based approach, it was possible to identity features with possibly non-linear contributions to the outcome.