galectin-3在子宫内膜异位症患者在位内膜中的表达及意义

目的：探讨galectin-3在子宫内膜异位症（内异症）患者在位子宫内膜中的表达及意义.方法：分别采用免疫组化和实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应（Real-time RT-PCR）检测内异症患者在位内膜及正常对照中galectin-3蛋白及mRNA的表达,比较其表达差异.结果：galectin-3蛋白定位于子宫内膜的腔上皮细胞、腺上皮细胞和间质细胞.与正常对照相比,galectin-3 mRNA及蛋白在内异症在位内膜中的表达显著下降（P＜0.05）.其表达在分泌期高于增生期.结论：内异症患者在位子宫内膜galectin-3低表达可能与其子宫内膜容受性的改变有关,从而导致了内异症不孕.     

子宫内膜息肉发病相关危险因素临床分析

目的 分析子宫内膜息肉（EP）发病的相关危险因素。方法 选取 2016年1月1日~2018 年1月1日在我院妇科就诊行宫腔镜检查及病理组织学确诊为子宫内膜息肉患者456例为观察组,病理提示子宫内膜未见明显异常的102例作为对照组,记录两组患者的年龄、体质指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、异常出血情况、子宫内膜厚度、是否绝经,有无高血压、糖尿病、子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌症、宫颈息肉、多囊卵巢综合征,用SPSS统计软件进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 子宫内膜息肉发病年龄集中在30~49岁,占56.36%,主要临床症状是异常子宫出血,占60.96%,经单因素分析结果发现,与EP发病有关的影响因素包括糖尿病、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、多囊卵巢综合征、子宫腺肌症及宫颈息肉（P＜0.05）,而高血压、高脂血症、子宫肌瘤无明显关系（P＞0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示绝经、胰岛素抵抗及子宫腺肌症是EP发生的危险因素。结论 绝经、子宫腺肌症及胰岛素抵抗是EP发病的危险因素,而对于有异常子宫出血、子宫颈息肉、肥胖、糖尿病、多囊卵巢综合征患者也存在EP高发的可能,在临床中应加强对此类人群的筛查。     

子宫内膜息肉的诊疗现状

子宫内膜息肉（EPs）是妇科常见的一种子宫内膜病变,其发病原因可能与局部或全身雌孕激素异常有关。临床上大部分EPs患者都存在异常子宫出血的表现,也有患者未表现出任何临床症状,偶然在体检或不孕检查时发现。随着医学技术的发展,对于EPs的诊治日益成熟,本文就EPs的发病原因、诊断方法、治疗手段及术后预防复发作一综述,通过分析EPs发病原因,对比各类诊断方法优缺点,结合目前临床现状,为临床治疗提供参考。     

宫腔镜在子宫内膜息肉诊治中的临床应用

为探讨宫腔镜在诊治子宫内膜息肉中的优越性,我们回顾性分析2004年1～12月因子宫异常出血就诊病例中拟诊为子宫内膜息肉的127例,经病理检查确诊为子宫内膜息肉80例,其中经宫腔镜诊断治疗65例,经诊断性刮宫确诊15例,现将结果报告如下。     

绝经前后子宫内膜息肉中肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶及类糜蛋白酶的表达及意义

目的探讨肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶(MCT)及类糜蛋白酶(MCC)在绝经前、后子宫内膜息肉组织(EP)中的表达及临床意义。方法收集120例患者标本,其中绝经前EP组和绝经后EP组各35例,绝经前正常增生期子宫内膜组和绝经后正常萎缩性子宫内膜组各25例。采用Max VisionTM/HRP免疫组织化学染色法,检测各组中MCT及MCC阳性的肥大细胞(MCs)数量并分析临床意义。结果绝经前、后EP组和正常子宫内膜组中MCT和MCC阳性的MCs计数均值分别为高倍镜下(11.82±5.24)个和(2.94±2.20)个、(4.18±2.32)个和(2.18±1.52)个、(2.19±1.80)个和(0.49±0.60)个以及(0.35±0.32)个和(0.19±0.26)个。两两比较结果显示,绝经前、后EP组MCT和MCC阳性的MCs数量明显高于同期正常子宫内膜组(P0.05);在EP组中,MCT阳性的MCs数量在绝经前高于绝经后(P0.05),而MCC阳性的MCs数量没有明显差异(P0.05);在正常子宫内膜组中,MCT和MCC阳性的MCs数量在绝经前均高于绝经后(P0.05)。结论肥大细胞(MCs)的过度活化以及伴随的炎症性损害可能是绝经前、后子宫内膜息肉形成及发展的原因。     

GnRHⅡ蛋白在子宫内膜异位症患者中的表达及意义

目的：检测GnRHⅡ蛋白在子宫内膜异位症患者异位子宫内膜、在位子宫内膜和正常子宫内膜中的表达情况,同时分析其表达是否与子宫内膜月经周期有关。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法检测GnRHⅡ蛋白在异位内膜、在位内膜及正常子宫内膜组织中的表达情况,并分析和比较其表达是否有差异。结果：GnRHⅡ蛋白在子宫内膜异位症患者异位、在位子宫内膜及正常子宫内膜中均有表达,阳性表达定位于子宫内膜腺体及间质细胞的细胞质;GnRHⅡ蛋白在异位内膜、在位内膜及对照组正常内膜的表达依次增强,两两比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;GnRHⅡ蛋白在正常子宫内膜分泌期表达强于增生期（P＜0.05）,且以分泌早中期最强,显著强于增生期和分泌晚期（P＜0.01）,而异位组或在位组的分泌期与增生期比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：GnRHⅡ蛋白在子宫内膜异位症的发病中以及在人类月经生理方面可能起重要作用。     

Galectin-3与CDC25B在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨半乳糖凝集素3 mRNA(Galectin-3)和细胞分裂周期蛋白25B mRNA(cell division cycle 25B,CDC25B)在胃癌中的表达及其与临床病理参数及预后的关系.方法 应用组织微阵列技术和原位杂交法检测220例胃癌组织和31份正常胃黏膜组织中Galectin-3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA 的表达情况.结果 220例胃癌中Galectin-3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA的阳性表达率分别为58.6%、54.1%;Galectin-3 mRNA表达与肿瘤大小、TNM(tumor,lymph node,metastasis)分期、浸润深度、脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关;CDC25B mRNA表达也与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关;Galectin-3 mRNA表达与CDC25B mRNA表达呈正相关;Galectim3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA阳性表达病例的平均生存时间和5年生存率均明显低于阴性表达的病例.结论 Galectin-3 和CDC25B基因的表达促进了胃癌的发生和发展,是指导临床治疗及评估预后的有效指标.     

Galectin-3与CDC25B在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨半乳糖凝集素3 mRNA(Galectin-3)和细胞分裂周期蛋白25B mRNA(cell division cycle 25B,CDC25B)在胃癌中的表达及其与临床病理参数及预后的关系.方法 应用组织微阵列技术和原位杂交法检测220例胃癌组织和31份正常胃黏膜组织中Galectin-3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA 的表达情况.结果 220例胃癌中Galectin-3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA的阳性表达率分别为58.6%、54.1%;Galectin-3 mRNA表达与肿瘤大小、TNM(tumor,lymph node,metastasis)分期、浸润深度、脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关;CDC25B mRNA表达也与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关;Galectin-3 mRNA表达与CDC25B mRNA表达呈正相关;Galectim3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA阳性表达病例的平均生存时间和5年生存率均明显低于阴性表达的病例.结论 Galectin-3 和CDC25B基因的表达促进了胃癌的发生和发展,是指导临床治疗及评估预后的有效指标.     

Galectin-3与CDC25B在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨半乳糖凝集素3 mRNA(Galectin-3)和细胞分裂周期蛋白25B mRNA(cell division cycle 25B,CDC25B)在胃癌中的表达及其与临床病理参数及预后的关系.方法 应用组织微阵列技术和原位杂交法检测220例胃癌组织和31份正常胃黏膜组织中Galectin-3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA 的表达情况.结果 220例胃癌中Galectin-3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA的阳性表达率分别为58.6%、54.1%;Galectin-3 mRNA表达与肿瘤大小、TNM(tumor,lymph node,metastasis)分期、浸润深度、脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关;CDC25B mRNA表达也与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、脉管侵犯、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关;Galectin-3 mRNA表达与CDC25B mRNA表达呈正相关;Galectim3 mRNA和CDC25B mRNA阳性表达病例的平均生存时间和5年生存率均明显低于阴性表达的病例.结论 Galectin-3 和CDC25B基因的表达促进了胃癌的发生和发展,是指导临床治疗及评估预后的有效指标.     

Galectin-3 expression in normal,hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrial tissues

This study evaluated the expression of galectin-3 in 101 curettage specimens from normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrial tissues using immunohistochemistry. The histologic diagnoses were as follows: normal proliferative (n = 8) and secretory (n = 4) phase, simple hyperplasia (SH, n = 16), complex hyperplasia without atypia (CH, n = 11), atypical hyperplasia (AH, n = 13), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC, n = 35), serous papillary carcinoma (SPC, n = 10), and clear cell carcinoma (CC, n = 4). Immunostaining was scored with regard to the approximate percentage of positive tumor cells and relative staining intensity. The scores of immunostaining increased significantly from NE, SH, CH, and AH to the adenocarcinomas (ANOVA, p < 0.0001). Subsequently, three significantly different levels of galectin-3 expression were found (Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test). These consisted of (a) NE, SH, and CH, (b) AH and EC, and (c) SPC and CC. Galectin-3 expression increased with tumor grade (ANOVA, p = 0.0026). The scores of FIGO stages I to III did not differ significantly (ANOVA, p = 0.1687). Enhanced nuclear galectin-3 expression was noted in carcinomas, immunostaining of stromal cells decreased in the latter. This study shows that galectin-3 expression increases from normal and hyperplastic to atypical hyperplastic and cancerous states of endometrial tissues, and provides further evidence of a relationship between AH and EC.     

Prognosis in pre-and postmenopausal patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma

The prognosis in 41 pre- and 143 postmenopausal patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma during two time periods were compared.A significantly shorter interval from 1st symptom to diagnosis was found in postmenopausal patients. The percent of patients diagnosed in stage I did not differ significantly between the two groups, but there was a significant, although small, excess of postmenopausal patients diagnosed in stages III–IV.A significantly more favourable survival in premenopausal patients was found and the same trend was observed when the effect of age, stage at diagnosis and operability were taken into consideration. The possibility that this could be related to hormonal and immunological factors is raised.A significantly better survival of patients diagnosed during the second period was observed and is attributed to improved planning and methods of treatment.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中 Ezrin、Galectin-3 的表达及临床病理意义

目的 检测Ezrin和Galectin-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)中的表达情况,并探讨其在IDC进展过程中的意义.方法 应用组织芯片技术和免疫组化法研究101例乳腺IDC和37例乳腺良性病变中Ezrin、Galectin-3的表达情况.并统计分析其与年龄、肿块最大径、组织学分级、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移间关系.结果 Ezrin在乳腺IDC和良性病变中具有明显不同的亚细胞定位(P=0.000),而Galectin-3则具有明显的表达强度差异(P=0.000).在IDC组,Ezrin表达与淋巴结转移(rs=0.323,P=0.001)、TNM分期(rs=0.334,P=0.001)、肿瘤最大径(rs=0.227,P=0.005)呈正相关,与年龄、组织学分级的关系无统计学意义;Galectin-3表达与淋巴结转移(rs=0.337,P=0.001)和TNM分期(rs=0.269,P=0.007)呈正相关,而与年龄、肿瘤直径以及组织学分级无关;而Galectin-3表达与Ezrin表达亦呈正相关(rs=0.360,P=0.000).结论 Ezrin和Galectin-3的亚细胞定位或(和)表达水平在乳腺良、恶性病变中发生了明显变化,二者的表达情况对乳腺病变性质的判断具有重要价值;Ezrin和Galectin-3高表达的乳腺IDC具有更高侵袭性和淋巴结转移能力;对Ezrin和Galectin-3作用机制的深入研究有可能使其成为乳腺IDC患者个体化治疗的新靶点.     

Galectin-3 expression in parathyroid carcinoma: immunohistochemical study of 26 cases

The diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is difficult and based on morphological features that are not totally reliable. Several molecular markers proved useful in the evaluation of PC, but their sensitivity, specificity, or both are rather low. With the aim of identifying a marker of malignancy in parathyroid tumors, we tested the expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3), a lectin expressed in several malignant tumors, including follicular carcinomas (but not adenomas) of the thyroid. Twenty-six PCs and 30 control parathyroid adenomas (PAs) were collected. The PCs had been diagnosed based on capsular/vascular invasion (26/26 cases), extraparathyroid infiltration (16), local recurrence (9), and distant metastases (6). All cases were immunohistochemically tested for Gal-3 and for other markers claimed to be useful in the differential diagnosis of parathyroid neoplasms, namely, Ki67, p27, and bcl2. Gal-3 was expressed by 24 of the PC (92.3%), but only 1 PA (3.3%) (P < .001). All metastasizing PCs were Gal-3-positive. As expected, the Ki67 proliferative index was higher in PCs (mean, 6.7%) than in PAs (1.9%); p27 was down-regulated in 61.5% of PCs and only 33.3% of PAs, whereas bcl2 was strongly positive in most PAs and in 38.5% of PCs. In a suspected PC, the association of Gal-3 with Ki67 (using a cutoff of 6% for the proliferative activity) appeared the best marker combination (sensitivity 96.2%, specificity 90%), and the profile Gal-3-positive/Ki67 >6% was unique to PCs. We conclude that Gal-3 immunostaining is a valuable tool to support a diagnosis of PC in highly proliferating (Ki67 >6%) tumors affecting a single parathyroid gland.     

Galectin-3在雌性小鼠生殖系统中的表达及脂多糖的影响

目的：研究galectin-3在雌性小鼠生殖系统的表达情况,利用小鼠生殖道感染模型研究galectin-3在女性生殖道感染过程中的可能作用。 方法: 采用RT-PCR的方法初步鉴定小鼠生殖系统各组织中的galectin-3 mRNA的表达水平,通过阴道黏膜注射LPS不完全弗氏佐剂乳液建立小鼠的生殖道感染模型,免疫组化对galectin-3蛋白在雌性小鼠生殖系统的表达进行定位分析。结果: 在正常小鼠的子宫、阴道、输卵管及卵巢中都能够检测到galectin-3 mRNA的表达。Galectin-3蛋白主要表达在生殖道黏膜的上皮细胞表面和子宫腺。经LPS刺激后,galectin-3蛋白在阴道、子宫颈及子宫体的表达水平提高(P＜0.05),尤其是刺激后24 h子宫颈中galectin-3的表达量增加最多(P＜0.01)。结论：LPS刺激能增加小鼠生殖道中galectin-3的表达,galectin-3在生殖道抗感染中可能发挥重要的作用。     

Galectin-3的抗凋亡机制及其在肺癌中的研究

半乳凝素-3(Galectin-3,Gal-3)是糖结合蛋白家族中的一员,能与β-半乳糖苷特异性结合,参与许多生理和病理过程,在调解细胞生长与分化、机体免疫、细胞黏附、炎症反应、细胞凋亡、血管侵袭等诸多方面起着重要的作用,且与肿瘤的侵袭、转移及预后有关.目前,在许多恶性肿瘤中都发现了Galectin-3的表达,如胃癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、甲状腺癌.但在不同的肿瘤中,Galectin-3的表达水平不同.在一些肿瘤中,Galectin-3表达增高,而在某些肿瘤中其表达降低,且其亚细胞定位与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关.     

Galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression in oncocytic cell tumors of the thyroid

Oncocytic cell tumors (OCTs) of the thyroid include oncocytic cell adenomas (OCAs) and oncocytic cell carcinomas (OCCs). Oncocytic variant of papillary carcinoma (OVPC) has also been described. These tumors may present similar diagnostic problems as their non-oncocytic counterparts, in both conventional histology and fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Several markers were shown able to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid follicular tumors, galectin-3 and HBME-1 being the most promising ones. Controversial data have been reported on their discriminatory potential in the small series of OCTs so far analyzed. We aimed to assess the role of galectin-3 and HBME-1 in a large series of 152 OCTs (including 50 OCAs, 70 OCCs and 32 OVPCs). The expression of PPAR protein was also evaluated. Using a biotin-free detection system, the sensitivity of galectin-3 was 95.1%, while that for HBME-1 was nearly 53%. The combination of galectin-3 and HBME-1 increased the sensitivity up to 99%. However, for both markers, the specificity was 88%, lower than that reported for non-oncocytic follicular tumors. PPAR protein overexpression was absent in all OCAs tested and present in only 10% of OCCs, confirming previous reports on the low prevalence of PAX8-PPAR translocations in OCT and ruling out its role as a potential diagnostic marker of malignancy.     

Tim-3及其配体Galectin-9与病毒感染的关系

T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(Tim-3)基因是Tim家族成员,与其配体半乳凝素-9(Galectin-9)结合可显著抑制T细胞的活化和增殖,并调节细胞因子的表达和分泌.Tim-3/Galectin-9参与免疫反应的调节及抗病毒免疫反应,阻断此通路可促进CD8+T细胞应答和对病毒的控制.因此,Tim-3/Galectin-9通路可能与病毒感染慢性化有关.本文对Tim-3及其配体的生物学特性、功能及在病毒感染中的研究近况进行综述.     

曼月乐宫内节育器对预防子宫内膜息肉复发的效果分析

目的 探讨曼月乐宫内节育器对预防子宫内膜息肉复发的效果.方法 以本院2010年1月至2011年12月间收治的80例子宫内膜息肉手术切除后患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,所有患者均进行宫腔镜下息肉电切术,观察组术后应用曼月乐宫内节育器,对照组术后不予放置.比较两组患者治疗前后的复发率、子宫内膜厚度、血红蛋白含量以及月经情况.结果 观察组患者的复发率、子宫内膜厚度皆明显小于对照组(均P ＜0.05);血红蛋白含量高于对照组,月经情况优于对照组(均P ＜0.05).结论 曼月乐宫内节育器可以有效预防子宫腔镜下息肉电切术后患者的复发,降低患者子宫内膜增生程度,改善月经情况和血红蛋白含量.