手术治疗同侧慢性硬膜下血肿合并急性硬膜下血肿3例

目的探讨手术治疗3例同侧慢性硬膜下血肿合并急性硬膜下血肿的病例及其效果。方法3例同侧慢性硬膜下血肿合并急性硬膜下血肿的患者,均先行钻孔引流术,术中见硬膜下鲜血块,2例术中活动性出血,转为开颅手术。结果3例患者均痊愈出院。结论慢性硬膜下血肿患者需注意有无合并急性硬膜下血肿,钻孔引流术中如有活动性出血可考虑转为开颅手术。     

后颅窝急性硬膜下血肿的诊治

闭合性外伤性后颅窝急性硬膜下血肿较为少见。由于后颅窝容量小，即便是薄层急性硬膜下血肿，也极易引起脑脊液循环受阻，使颅内压急骤升高，加之重要生命中枢位于其间，故病情较为险恶，死亡率较高。本院１９９６年１月至１９９９年１月，共收治急性后颅窝硬膜下血肿５例，占同期外伤性颅内血肿的２．１％，而单纯闭合性外伤性后颅窝急性硬膜下血肿仅２例，均经CT或MRI证实，现报道如下。临床资料１．一般资料：男４例，女１例；年龄１７～５６岁，平均３７．４岁。坠落伤１例，余４例均为车祸伤。５例均是枕部直接受力。急性硬膜下血肿…     

慢性硬膜下血肿手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的近期疗效。方法对确诊慢性硬膜下血肿患者106例,采取单孔钻孔引流91例,采取双孔钻孔引流15例。结果术后血肿引流80%以上,脑组织复张31例;留置引流管3天血肿引流彻底,脑组织复张96例;留置引流管3天血肿无明显减少者3例;血肿引流彻底,脑组织复张欠佳,遗留硬膜下积液3例,引流管移位入脑组织未引起临床症状2例;血肿下脑挫伤及血肿1例,保守治疗,无遗留神经功能障碍;钻孔部位硬膜外血肿1例,保守治疗,治愈出院;术后并发精神障碍1例,予抗精神症状药物,3日后症状消失。结论钻孔引流是慢性硬膜下血肿的有效治疗方式。     

急性硬膜下血肿手术时机对预后的影响

目的 研究手术时机对急性硬膜下血肿预后的影响.方法 收集了202例接受手术治疗的急性硬膜下血肿患者,统计分析伤后2、4、6、8h等时间为界限的死亡率和功能生存率.结果 各个时间界限的死亡率和功能生存率差异无统计学意义,但是随着受伤至手术间隔时间的延长,死亡率呈现出逐渐增加、功能生存率逐渐降低的趋势.并且,死亡患者的受伤至手术时间要显著大于生存患者.结论 急性硬膜下血肿手术时机对预后有潜在的影响.符合有手术指征的患者,急性硬膜下血肿需要尽早手术清除血肿.     

小儿外伤性急性硬膜下血肿的治疗体会

急性外伤性硬膜下血肿是颅脑损伤常见的继发性损害，发生率约为5％．占颅内血肿的40％左右，以成年人多见。小儿外伤性急性硬膜下血肿相关治疗报告较少，本院自2001至2006年收治此类病人85例，现报告如下。     

微创穿刺引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的探讨颅内血肿穿刺引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿并发症的预防和治疗方法. 方法回顾性分析颅内血肿穿刺引流治疗210例慢性硬膜下血肿的临床资料. 结果治愈率97.1%(204/210),复发率7.1%(15/210),并发症发生率14.3%(30/210),病死率0.95%(2/210). 结论颅内血肿穿刺引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿是一种安全、简单、有效的方法.对其出现的并发症及时、正确处理,仍能获得较好的疗效.     

小儿外伤性急性硬膜下血肿的治疗体会

急性外伤性硬膜下血肿是颅脑损伤常见的继发性损害，发生率约为5％，占颅内血肿的40％左右。以成年人多见，小儿外伤性急性硬膜下血肿相关治疗报告较少。本院自2001年至2006年收治此类病人85例，现报告如下。     

慢性硬膜下血肿两种手术方法的临床观察

目的观察两种慢性硬膜下血肿手术方法的效果及并发症的发生情况。方法将入院的慢性硬膜下血肿患者随机分成两组，手术中一组将血肿腔与硬膜下腔沟通，另一组只在血肿腔内进行冲洗与引流，统计血肿清除情况及并发症的发生。结果两种方法血肿的最终清除效果差异无显著性，但硬膜下腔沟通者发生低颅压、脑脊液大量丢失、发热等并发症的发生率显著高于另一组。结论慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术中，可不必将血肿腔与硬膜下腔完全沟通，只需在血肿腔内冲洗引流，即可收到满意手术效果，并可减少并发症的发生。     

外伤性硬膜下积液与慢性硬膜下血肿

目的探讨硬膜下积液与慢性硬膜下血肿关系。方法回顾2001年1月至2010年1月本院165例外伤性硬膜下积液的病人。结果自发性演变成慢性硬膜下血肿18例,发生率10.9%。结论外伤性硬膜下积液演变成慢性硬膜下血肿发生率低。对转化成CSDH后症状明显加重者,主张早期手术治疗,对症状不明显者,特别是CSDH呈低密度或等密度、体积较小,继续行保守治疗。     

急性硬膜下血肿快速自然消散

目的研究急性硬膜下血肿快速自然消散。方法通过对自2010年9月至2011年12月本院共8例快速自然消散的急性硬膜下血肿病例临床资料的回顾分析,初步了解这类病例的临床特点,并通过对文献的学习结合本组病例的情况分析造成急性硬膜下血肿快速自然消散的原因。结果所有病人硬膜下血肿均于72小时内完全或大部分消散,出院时均无神经功能缺损。结论快速自然消散的急性硬膜下血肿较罕见,通过保守治疗均可获得良好的预后。血肿在颅内的重新分布、脑脊液的灌洗、脑组织的挤压及向颅外流失,是造成急性硬膜下血肿快速自然消散的原因。     

Cocaine-Related Acute Subdural Hematoma: An Emergent Cause of Cerebrovascular Accident

Summary  A case of “spontaneous” acute subdural hematoma caused by cocaine abuse is described. As an isolated cerebrovascular event, related to cocaine abuse, this is the first report in the literature. It also represents a new differential diagnosis for nontraumatic acute subdural haematomas. The putative pathophysiology of the lesion is discussed.     

Surgical Management of Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma in Adults: A Review

Traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a major clinical entity in traumatic brain injury (TBI). It acts as a space occupying lesion to increase intracranial pressure, and is often complicated by co-existing lesions, and is modified by cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, coagulopathy, and delayed hematomas. Because of its complicated pathophysiology, the mortality of ASDH is still remaining high. In this review article, its epidemiology, pathophyiology, surgical treatment, and salvage ability are described. With regard to epidemiology, as the population ages, growing number of elderly patients with ASDH, especially patients with prehospital anticoagulant and antiplatelets, increase. Concerning pathophysiology, in addition to well-known initial intracranial hypertension and subsequent ischemia, delayed hyperemia/hyperperfusion, or delayed hematoma is being recognized frequently in recent years. However, optimal treatments for these delayed phenomenons have not been established yet. With regard to surgical procedures, all of craniotomy, decompressive craniectomy, and initial trephination strategies seem to be effective, but superiority of each procedure have not been established yet. Since Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, age, papillary reaction, and computed tomographic findings are strongly correlated to outcome, each factor has been investigated as an indicator of salvage ability. None of them, however, has been defined as such one. In future studies, epidemiological changes as population ages, management of delayed pathophysiology, superiority of each surgical procedures, and salvage ability should be addressed.     

Neurosurgical Treatment of Patients with Posterior Fossa Acute Subdural Hematoma Right after Cardiac Surgery

As posterior fossa acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) right after cardiac surgery is extremely rare, the clinical course and optimal treatment strategy remain undetermined. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with posterior fossa ASDH right after cardiac surgery requiring neurosurgical treatment at our institution over a 7-year period and, in this study, discussed the neurosurgical strategy and clinical course. Collected data included clinical history, laboratory results, time course, symptoms, neurosurgical treatment, outcome at discharge, and imaging studies. All six patients were women who had no history of head trauma and had received antithrombotic therapy during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery. All patients showed lower platelets count and were diagnosed with ASDH within 3 days (longest time 64 h) right after cardiac surgery. After discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy and administration of reversal agents, they underwent emergency hematoma evacuation craniotomy (n = 5) or burr hole drainage surgery (n = 1), which were performed in the prone (n = 4) or lateral (n = 2) positions. Four of these patients showed favorable outcomes, and two showed poor outcomes. One of the poor-outcome patients received three antithrombotic therapies, and another developed rapidly progressive ASDH. Posterior fossa ASDH associated with antithrombotic therapy right after cardiac surgery is frequently found in women, and emergent neurosurgical treatment with anticoagulation discontinuation and reversal agent administration can be performed safely. Burr hole drainage surgery might be acceptable in nonsevere cases. By contrast, we must pay attention to cases receiving both anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs and rapid progression cases.     

Conservative Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma with Gorei-san

Most asymptomatic patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) are followed conservatively but can require surgical treatment if the hematoma expands. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of the effect of Gorei-san on CSDH. This study included patients treated between April 2013 and March 2015. In total, 289 patients were diagnosed with CSDH and 110 patients received conservative management. Finally, 39 patients who met the requirements were registered. We retrospectively examined the age, gender, medical history, hematoma thickness, clarity of sulci below hematomas, and midline shift of the patients. The primary outcome was the median surgery-free interval, and the secondary results were the rate of CSDH shrinkage and surgery avoidance. A comparison of patient characteristics between the Gorei-san (G) and non-Gorei-san (NG) groups found no significant differences in the percentage of men, average ages, past history, thickness of CSDH (15.0 ± 3.1 mm vs. 15.3 ± 2.6 mm, p = 0.801), or midline shift (2.0 ± 2.7 mm vs. 4.0 ± 5.0 mm, p = 0.230). The median surgery-free interval was significantly different between the G and NG groups [n. r. vs. 41 days (95% CI: 5-79), log-rank p = 0.047]. The CSDH avoidance rate was not significantly different between the two groups (70.0% vs. 34.4%, p = 0.071). Additionally, the CSDH shrinkage rate was significantly different between the two groups (60.0% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.004). This retrospective study demonstrated that CSDH treatment with Gorei-san reduces hematoma significantly more than treatment that does not include Gorei-san.     

同种硬脑膜移植鼓膜成形术的护理

采用同种硬脑膜移植鼓膜成形术治疗鼓膜穿孔１２６例（１４９耳），效果满意，手术方法是取孕７－９个月，死亡６ｈ内胎儿硬脑膜在显微镜下植入，修补穿孔鼓膜，治愈率达７８．６％￣９３．５％，听力提高６￣１０ｄＢ，重点阐述了术前护理按中耳手术准备；术后护理重点是保持正确体位，头部制动，预防排斥反应，移植片移位或脱落，感染，鼓室粘连等。     

保存同种异体硬脊膜重建腱鞘的初步研究

目的：通过实验寻找新的腱鞘修复材料。方法：２８只白兔地右后肢２,３趾屈肌腱Ⅱ区切除鞘,造成肌腱损伤,对照组腱鞘不予修复,实验组用酒精保存的异体硬脊膜重建腱鞘,术后２,４,８,１２周行大体和光镜观察,８周时还行肌腱粘连等级和屈趾功能测定。结果;对照组腱周形成致密粘连;实验组新建腱鞘逐渐接近正常,腱周间隙明显,屈趾功能优于对照组。