布洛芬混悬液治疗小儿发热148例疗效观察

目的观察布洛芬混悬液的退热疗效和安全性。方法对148例高热患儿常规采用抗菌或抗病毒等治疗的基础上加用布洛芬混悬液口服,剂量8mg/kg/次,用药后第30min,1h,2h,4h,8h分别测量体温。结果降温有效率,1h为81.08%,2h为93.24%,4h为90.54%,8h为86.49%,布洛芬混悬液在第2h就能使患儿体温降至接近正常体温并维持6-8h。结论布洛芬混悬液降温效果好,维持时间长,不良反应轻,临产应用安全可靠。     

布洛芬混合液直肠给药在治疗小儿高热惊厥中的临床疗效探讨

目的:探讨布洛芬混合液直肠给药治疗小儿高热惊厥的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院74例高热惊厥患儿的临床资料,观察组37例患儿给予布洛芬混合液直肠给药治疗,对照组37例患儿给予肌内注射安痛定治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果:观察组37例患儿经治疗后,总有效率为97.3%,显著高于对照组的83.8%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患儿在治疗过程中均未出现严重的不良反应。结论:布洛芬混合液直肠给药治疗小儿高热惊厥临床疗效好,且不良反应发生率低,故可作为治疗小儿高热惊厥的首选方法。     

布洛芬混悬液治疗小儿发热的疗效和安全性

目的：探讨布洛芬混悬液治疗小儿发热的疗效和安全性。方法164例发热患儿分为观察组和对照组各82例,观察组给予布洛芬混悬液治疗、对照组给予扑热息痛治疗,比较两组患儿的总有效率、退热时间及不良反应发生情况。结果总有效率观察组96.3%、对照组85.4%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.944,P＜0.05）。平均退热时间观察组（3.15±1.11）h、对照组（5.17±1.32）h,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=4.685,P＜0.05）。观察组发生不良反应3例、对照组11例,观察组的安全性明显优于对照组。结论布洛芬混悬液治疗小儿发热,疗效显著,且不良反应轻微,值得临床推广使用。     

布洛芬混悬液治疗60例小儿发热的临床疗效及安全性观察

目的：探讨分析布洛芬混悬液治疗小儿发热的疗效和安全性。方法：选择2010年10月至2011年10月到我院治疗的上呼吸道感染发热的患儿120例,随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,在抗炎和抗病毒治疗的基础上,分别加用布洛芬混悬液和对乙酰氨基酚退热,比较两组患儿的临床疗效和监测不良反应。结果：观察组总有效率为98．3％,对照组总有效率为91．7％,两组相比差异显著（P〈0．01）,具有统计学意义。观察组在服药后0．5h、1h、2h、4h、8h的每个时间段体温平均值均明显低于对照组,两组相比差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,两组均无明显不良反应发生。结论：布洛芬混悬液在治疗小儿上呼吸道感染发热时,与对乙酰氨基酚相比,具有起效快,维持时间长,胃肠反应小,常规剂量不良反应少等优点,可作为儿科首选退热剂,值得临床推广。     

给药途径不同药效有别

药物有几种给药途径,口服、静脉注射(静注)、肌肉注射(肌注)、皮下注射(皮下)。药物还可舌下含化(舌下)、直肠灌注(直肠给药)、滴     

正确选择给药途径慎用静脉给药法

选择给药途径和方法的根据一般是病情、药物的理化性质和作用。口服给药法是最常用、最方便、比较安全的给药方法。注射给药法则由于剂量准确、显效快而适用于急重症患者和因各种原因不宜口服给药的患者。但目前临床应用的情况并非如此。     

甲硝唑给药途径对牙周炎疗效影响的研究

目的通过临床疗效的比较,探讨甲硝唑给药途径对牙周炎疗效的影响,以找出甲硝唑治疗牙周炎的最佳给药途径。方法120例患者随机分为3组,A组甲硝唑棒局部给药,B组甲硝唑片口服,C组甲硝唑液局部冲洗。比较三组2周后疗效。结果A组2周后疗效显著优于B、C两组(P<0.05),B组疗效优于C组(P<0.05)。结论甲硝唑棒局部给药是甲硝唑治疗牙周炎的最佳给药途径。     

甲硝唑给药途径对牙周炎疗效影响的研究

目的通过临床疗效的比较，探讨甲硝唑给药途径对牙周炎疗效的影响，以找出甲硝唑治疗牙周炎的最佳给药途径。方法120例患者随机分为3组，A组甲硝唑棒局部给药，B组甲硝唑片口服，C组甲硝唑液局部冲洗。比较三组2周后疗效。结果A组2周后疗效显著优于B、C两组（P〈0．05），B组疗效优于C组（P〈0．05）。结论甲硝唑棒局部给药是甲硝唑治疗牙周炎的最佳给药途径。     

布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚在小儿呼吸系统感染性发热中的疗效分析

目的 探究在呼吸系统感染所致的发热患儿中,应用布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚这两种药物在临床症状缓解和疾病治疗上的效果分析。方法 本研究根据纳入排除的原则纳入了我院2020年8月-2021年2月就诊的因呼吸系统感染所致发热的患儿共66例,根据每个患儿在应用镇痛退热药物的不同,分为应用布洛芬的对照组和应用对乙酰氨基酚的观察组,分析两组在应用的用药时间、持续时间、治疗有效率等指标上的差异。结果 对照组应用后VAS评分(2.35±3.54)、药效持续时间(5.34±2.27)h、退热有效率93.94%、治疗有效率96.97%;观察组应用后VAS评分(3.27±2.82)、药效持续时间(4.03±1.73)h、退热有效率90.91%、治疗有效率96.97%,应用后VAS评分和药效持续时间两个指标间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),退热有效率和治疗有效率两个指标间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚在治疗临床上因呼吸系统感染所致发热的小儿患者上均呈现出了良好的治疗效果,但在临床的短期镇痛效果和药效持续的时间上,布洛芬呈现出了具有统计学意义的差异,但可能与小...     

经皮给药治疗小儿腹泻病疗效观察

目的观察经皮给药治疗小儿急性腹泻病的疗效。方法随机选取急性腹泻病患儿30例为对照组、60例为治疗组,2组均不用抗生素,对照组常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用经皮给药治疗仪治疗。结果治疗组在止泻时间、病程及疗效方面均优于对照组。结论经皮给药治疗小儿急性腹泻病疗效显著,止泻时间短,明显缩短病程,并且治愈率高,副作用少。     

托恩治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染伴高热疗效观察

目的:观察托恩治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染伴高热的疗效.方法:对60例急性上呼吸道感染伴高热的患儿,随机分为两组,分别使用托恩和扑热息痛,进行疗效和退热时间比较.统计学处理:分别采用x2检验和t检验法.结果:治疗总有效率和平均退热时间,两组比较均差异非常显著(P<0.01).结论:托恩治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染伴高热,疗效比较满意,且临床使用安全方便、口感好,值得临床推广.     

布洛芬混悬液与对乙酰氨基酚在小儿高热治疗中的临床疗效观察

目的评价布洛芬混悬液与对乙酰氨基酚在小儿高热治疗中的疗效及安全性方面的对比。方法将符合小儿高热的门诊留观患儿384例随机分为布洛芬混悬液组（A组）和对乙酰氨基酚治疗组（B组）,2组均192例,进行5d的疗程。结果治疗后1h,A组患儿的总有效率46.88%,B组患儿的总有效率为21.88%,A组治疗效果优于B组,P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。治疗后4h,A组患儿的总有效率84.90%,B组患儿的总有效率为54.17%,A组治疗效果优于B组,P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。2组患儿在治疗过程中,均无明显不良反应。结论在临床的治疗工作中,如果是要快速降低高热患儿的体温可选用布洛芬混悬液。     

维生素B6不同用药途径对妊娠剧吐疗效的对比

目的:比较维生素B6不同用药途径对妊娠剧吐的治疗效果。方法:将60例妊娠剧吐患者随机分为维生素B6穴位注射组和静脉给药组各30例,按相应的给药途径给药,比较不同用药途径的治疗效果。结果:穴位注射组的治疗总有效率明显大于静脉给药组,治疗时间明显小于静脉给药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与静脉点滴给药途径比较,穴位注射维生素B6治疗妊娠剧吐效果更好,临床应用价值更高。     

计划免疫中流动儿童现状与管理

本文通过对武汉市江岸区包家汀597户居民的调查,发现在167名市外流动儿童中,“四苗”覆盖率仅为32.9%;15名市内流动儿童中,“四苗”覆盖率为60%;而当地40名儿童,“四苗”覆盖率为100%。从而,认为计划免疫在流动儿童中存在的问题应予重视。为了解决这个问题,文章提出,县区计划免疫对象管理要实行儿童保健手册制度,建立保偿合同;政府和公安部门要做出相应规定,保证居民委员会和地段医院加强对流动人口计划免疫的管理。     

No significant differences in the breadth of the foot-and-mouth disease serotype A vaccine induced antibody responses in cattle,using different adjuvants,mixed antigens and different routes of administration

Inactivated whole virus foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines are used worldwide for protection against FMD, but not all vaccines induce protection against all genetic variants of the same FMD virus serotype. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the “breadth” of the antibody response against different strains of the same FMD virus serotype in cattle could be improved by using a different adjuvant, a mix of antigens and/or different routes of administration. To this end, six groups of five cattle were vaccinated with different FMD virus serotype A strain vaccines formulated with Montanide ISA 206 VG adjuvant. Antibody responses for homologous and heterologous cross-reactivity against a panel of 10 different FMD virus serotype A strains were tested by a liquid-phase blocking ELISA. Results of cattle vaccinated with ISA 206 VG adjuvanted vaccine were compared with results obtained in a previous study using aluminium hydroxide-saponin adjuvant. No significant effect of adjuvant on the breadth of the antibody response was observed, neither for mixing of antigens nor for the route of administration (subcutaneous vs. intradermal). Comparison of antigen payload, however, increased both homologous and heterologous titres; a 10-fold higher antigen dose resulted in approximately four times higher titres against all tested strains. Our study shows that breadth of the antibody response depends mainly on the vaccine strain; we therefore propose that, for vaccine preparation, only FMD virus strains are selected that, among other important characteristics, will induce a wide antibody response to different field strains.     

Yellow fever in children and adolescents previously immunized in Minas Gerais State,Brazil

Background - Yellow fever (YF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever that is transmitted by arthropods. It can occur with little symptomatic manifestations to the most fulminant forms. The most effective way to avoid YF is through vaccination. There is a lack of information about the immune response of the vaccine in childhood. Methods - We described children and adolescents with YF who had been previously immunized in Minas Gerais State from July 2017 to June 2018. Results − 527 cases of YF were observed representing an incidence of 7.6/100,000 inhabitants. Only 26 patients (4.9%) were ≤ 20 years and 501 (95.1%) were > 20 years. Only 9 vaccinated patients were ≤ 20 years and 15 were > 20 years. 34.6% (9/26) of YF patients ≤ 20 years were previously vaccinated and 3% (15/501) of those > 20 years (p < 0.001). The median age at vaccination was 1 year between those ≤ 20 years and 31 years between those > 20 years (p = 0.002). Among 9 vaccinated children and adolescents ≤ 20 years, age ranged from 7 to 18 years, the most described symptoms were fever (88%), headache (77%), myalgia (77%), and abdominal pain (66%). All patients recovered from the disease and none died. Conclusion - Prior YF vaccination may be associated with mild forms of the disease in children and adolescents. YF vaccination in the first years of life may be associated with poor vaccine response and high infection rates in this group as it fail to seroconvert a significant proportion of infants.     

不同伤寒、副伤寒发病率地区自然人群肥达氏抗体水平的调查

目的 了解不同伤寒、副伤寒发病率地区自然人群肥达氏抗体水平，指导肥达氏结果的判断。方法 在伤寒、副伤寒高发区灵川县和低发区梧州市采集自然人群血清，进行肥达氏反应(试管法)，采用统计软件包对结果进行统计分析。结果 灵川县、梧州市的TO抗体的GMT分别为45．73、28．50，TH的GMT分别为39．74、25．56，AH的GMT分别为22．63、20．18，BH的GMT分别为25．11、23．34；根据抗体GMT的95％上界值推测出按两倍稀释法计算的滴度区段两地分别为：灵川县TO 1：160，TH 1：160，AH l：40，BH l：80，梧州市TO 1：80，TH 1：80，AH l：40，BH l：80，提出了我区高发和低发的肥达氏诊断参考值；两地肥达氏抗体GMT以10-49岁年龄组为高峰，女性水平普遍高于男性；按照国家GB 16001-1995标准，两地自然人群肥达氏结果达到伤寒诊断标准的阳性率分别为5．41％和0．87％。结论 两地自然人群的肥达氏抗体水平与其发病率的高低相一致；各抗原的抗体水平与广西近年的流行特点相一致；GMT高峰年龄分布与我区伤寒、副伤寒发病年龄以青壮年为主的特点相一致，但女性水平普遍高于男性则与广西发病男性高于女性的特点不一致。     

A prospective study on the association between hay fever among children and incidence of asthma in East Germany

Background Aim of this study was to examine the effect of hay fever in childhood for asthma onset from childhood to adulthood in a prospective cohort of 3,199 asthma-free children, initially aged 5–13 years, which were followed for up to 12 years in East-Germany. Methods Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) of asthma onset due to hay fever at baseline were calculated by a generalized estimation equation approach accounting for person years at risk, age at study entry, parental asthma, and gender. Results Overall 142 incident cases of asthma were observed. Prevalence of hay fever at baseline was 4%. Crude and adjusted IRR were essentially the same and showed overall and in each age group a substantial higher risk of asthma onset due to hay fever. The adjusted IRR was 4 overall and ranged between 3 and 5 within the three age groups. Restricting the analysis to those participants, who were 17–25 years of age at the end of follow-up resulted in similar IRR. Conclusion Hay fever in childhood is a strong predictor of asthma onset later in life up to adulthood. The preventive potential of early and efficient treatment of allergic rhinitis to avoid asthma development needs to be investigated.