氯仿对大鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响

研究氯仿对大鼠皮肤屏蔽功能的影响。方法 对３天龄ＳＤ大鼠的活体皮肤进行氯仿涂搽、接触１０和２０ｍｉｎ的处理，采用静式渗透模型，以氚水经皮渗透量作为皮肤屏蔽功能的评价指标。结果 ３个氯仿接触组的氚水经皮渗透量均随时间递增，高于对照组，并在一定时点具有统计学意义，且３个氯仿接触组的氚水经皮渗透量的大小顺序为氯仿接触２０ｍｉｎ〉接触１０ｍｉｎ〉涂搽。     

溶剂汽油对皮肤屏障功能损伤的作用

目的 研究溶剂汽油对皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法 大鼠活体染毒后，分离皮肤，采用皮肤静式渗透装置，测定氚水（＾３Ｈ）经皮渗透量。结果 连续接触溶剂汽油０．５、１、２ｈ组的大鼠皮肤，氚水经皮尖透量有所增加，但与对照组相比无统计学差异。而接触溶剂气油４ｈ，氚水经皮渗透量在各采样时段，均明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。在同一采样时段，有随接触时间延长氚水渗透量逐渐增加的趋势；各组氚水经皮渗透量均随时间的延长     

溶剂汽油对皮肤屏障功能损伤的作用

目的研究溶剂汽油对皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法大鼠活体染毒后,分离皮肤,采用皮肤静式渗透装置,测定氚水(3H)经皮渗透量。结果连续接触溶剂汽油0.5、1、2h组的大鼠皮肤,氚水经皮渗透量有所增加,但与对照组相比无统计学差异。而接触溶剂汽油4h组,氚水经皮渗透量在各采样时段,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。在同一采样时段,有随接触时间延长氚水渗透量逐渐增加的趋势;各组氚水经皮渗透量均随时间的延长而增加。结论接触溶剂汽油达到一定时间,可造成皮肤屏障功能的损伤。     

三种化学物质对皮肤屏障功能的影响

观察酒精、洗衣粉、敌百虫日常使用浓度和１％浓度对皮肤屏障功能的影响。使用豚鼠的腹部皮肤，采用离体动式模型，以氚水的渗透速率作为评价屏障功能的指标。发现７５％、５０％酒精，１％洗衣粉增加了氚水的渗透速率（Ｐ＜０．０５）；同样１％浓度的这三种物质对皮肤屏障的影响以１％洗衣粉最大。提示从皮肤屏障的角度考虑，日常使用浓度的洗衣粉（０．１％～０．３％）和敌百虫（０．１％～０．２％）是安全的，７５％酒精作为消毒剂，对皮肤有影响，此时皮肤在短期内应避免接触有害的化学物质。     

促进剂对青蒿琥酯体外经皮渗透的影响

以离体小鼠皮肤为渗透屏障，采用预处理法研究了多种促进剂对青蒿琥酯经皮渗透的增强作用，结果表明，药物经皮渗透符合零级动力学过程，几种渗透促进剂的促进作用大小依次为：薄荷油＞氮酮＞氮酮－丙二醇（１∶１）＞桉叶油＞松节油＞油酸＞桉叶油－丙二醇（１∶１）＞二甲基亚砜＞吐温－８０＞二甲基甲酰胺。各促进剂在实际处方中的作用效能有所下降，但作用大小次序不变。氮酮的促渗作用呈现浓度依赖性，其最佳浓度为３％     

三种化学物质对皮肤屏障功能的影响

观察酒精，洗衣粉，敌百虫日常使用的浓度和１％浓度对皮肤人屏障功能的影响，使且豚鼠的腹部皮肤，采用离体动式模型，以氚水的渗透率作为评价屏障功能的指标，发现７５％，５０％酒精，１％洗衣粉增辑氚水的渗透速率（Ｐ〈０．０５）；同样１％浓度的这三种物质对皮肤屏障的影响以１％洗衣粉最大，提示从皮脸屏障的角考虑，日常使用浓度的洗衣粉（０．１％～０．３％）和敌百虫（０．１％～０．２％）是安全的７５％酒精作为消毒剂     

凝胶骨架控释型马来酸噻吗洛尔贴剂的透皮吸收促进剂研究

本文研究了挥发油类促进剂对噻吗洛尔经离体鼠皮肤的促进作用，探讨了凝胶控释型贴剂的透皮吸收机理。采用双室渗透扩散装置和紫外分光光度法，通过大鼠皮肤进行了贴剂的体外释放与渗透试验。结果表明，桉油、松节油、薄荷素油及与丙二醇的复合物均能有效地促进噻吗洛尔的渗透。首次发现２％桉油与丙二醇（１∶１）混合物为最佳透皮吸收促进剂，其作用比３％Ａ－ｚｏｎｅ与丙二醇（１∶３）混合物强。研究表明，该贴剂经皮渗透的主要屏障为角质层，压敏胶可明显减慢凝胶骨架中药物的渗透速率。大鼠皮肤渗透动力学试验表明，噻吗洛尔溶液的渗透呈零级动力学，而凝胶骨架贴剂中药物的渗透可用Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程来表述。     

龙胆紫液致接触性皮炎1例

龙胆紫液致接触性皮炎１例王迪华患者男性，４５岁。因左膝部皮肤大片擦伤并发伤口感染而入院，给予抗炎治疗。入院后第３ｄ，患者自用龙胆紫液涂搽患处。约３０ｍｉｎ后，局部篷痒，皮损边缘轻度潮红。１ｈ后，局部症状加重，患者自用冷水及毛巾洗去药液，随即又用同一毛...     

不同分离方法对大鼠表皮屏障功能的影响

目的：研究不同表皮分离方法对大鼠表皮水渗透屏障功能的影响。方法：用胰蛋白酶法、Ｄｉｓｐａｓｅ法、加热法和一天培养－加热法四种不同方法从新生大鼠皮肤上分离得到大鼠表皮，在气－液面培养的不同阶段测定表皮的水渗透屏障系数并与新生大鼠皮肤的屏障功能相比较。结果：表皮水渗透系数（Ｋｐ）值在胰蛋白酶法为（２．１±０．９）ｃｍ·ｈ－１，Ｄｉｓｐａｓｅ法为（３．８±１．２）ｃｍ·ｈ－１，加热法为（４．３±１．４）ｃｍ·ｈ－１，一天培养－加热法为（２．２±０．７）ｃｍ·ｈ－１，而新生大鼠皮肤的Ｋｐ值为（１．９±０．９）ｃｍ·ｈ－１。Ｄｉｓｐａｓｅ法和加热法有可能损伤表皮的屏障结构导致表皮水渗透性增高。此种损伤经过约３ｄ的气－液面培养后即可得到部分的修复。在气－液面培养条件下，表皮正常的屏障功能可维持８～１０ｄ。结论：胰蛋白酶和一天培养－加热分离法对大鼠表皮屏障功能无明显损伤作用。在气－液面培养条件下，该表皮可维持正常的屏障功能     

电损伤皮肤中金属导体元素含量的研究

实验用６０只大白鼠（ＳＤ）以２２０Ｖ交流电，通过直径０．４ｃｍ的铜、铁、铝金属导体分别电击大鼠爪掌部皮肤，时间分别为１ｍｉｎ、２０ｓ、５ｓ，形成电损伤。电损伤皮肤与正常对照皮肤经硝酸消化后，用原子吸收光谱检测铜、铁、铝的含量。结果显示，电损伤组３种元素含量高出对照组的３．５￣３２倍，经配对ｔ检验，Ｐ值均＜０．００１，有显著性意义。本实验组织处理不同于以往高温灰化，实验操作简便，检材用量可少至１０ｍ     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.