良性前列腺增生患者术后谵妄的临床分析

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者术后发生谵妄的影响因素。方法:分析我院198例60～83岁BPH手术患者的年龄与术后疼痛、低氧血症和睡眠时间减少发生的关系,判定患者术后发生谵妄的危险因素。结果:198例患者术后发生谵妄13例(6.5%),≥70岁的患者与<70岁患者相比,术后谵妄发生率增加(1.6%vs14%,P<0.05)。结论:高龄患者前列腺术后疼痛和睡眠障碍是发生谵妄的重要原因,镇痛及良好的睡眠对预防术后谵妄有积极的意义。     

非那雄胺对前列腺癌发生率及病理分级的影响

目的:评估非那雄胺对中国人前列腺癌发病率及病理分级的影响.方法:将1 029例BPH患者根据其药物治疗的方法分为非那雄胺组、α-受体阻滞剂组、联合用药组及对照组(未治疗组).收集四组患者的穿刺病理资料,重新行Gleason评分.对四组患者前列腺癌发病率及前列腺癌病理分级的差异进行分析.结果:①前列腺癌总发病率为13.51%;应用非那雄胺组与未应用非那雄胺组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),发病率相对下降40.63%(RR=0.59,95%CI:0.43～0.82).②前列腺癌患者病理分级为中高级(Gleason≥7分)者占58.27%,应用非那雄胺组与未应用非那雄胺组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),中高级分化前列腺癌相对增多33.96%(RR=1.34,95%CI:1.01～1.76).结论:非那雄胺治疗BPH虽能降低前列腺癌的发病风险,但同时能使发生前列腺癌的病理级别增高.     

门诊新发高血压患者服药依从性轨迹及影响因素研究

目的 探究门诊新发高血压患者服药依从性轨迹及其影响因素,为制定针对性干预措施提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法选取337例门诊新确诊的高血压患者为研究对象,应用Morisky服药依从性量表于确诊后4周、3个月、6个月和12个月进行4次调查,采用群组化轨迹模型分析患者服药依从性变化轨迹,并通过多分类logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 患者在4个时间点的服药依从性得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。服药依从性轨迹分为持续高依从性组(52.82%)、中等波动组(37.09%)及持续低依从性组(10.09%)3类。多分类logistic回归分析显示,与持续高依从组相比,年龄51～60岁、服药种类≥3种更易进入中等波动组(均P<0.05),年龄36～50岁、文化程度大专、家庭人均月收入<1 000元更易进入持续低依从性组,社会支持有利于提高患者服药依从性(均P<0.05)。结论 门诊新发高血压患者在确诊12个月内服药依从性轨迹呈现相对稳定性特征,但存在显著的群体异质性。医护人员应特别关注持续低服药依从性及依从性波动变化的患者,根据影响因素采取针对性干预措施,以提...     

下尿路症状合并勃起功能障碍联合用药的有效性和安全性

目的:评价多沙唑嗪、非那雄胺和西地那非联合治疗BPH相关的LUTS和ED的有效性和安全性。方法:采用双盲、随机、安慰剂对照的临床研究,84例患者随机分入A、B、C组,A组服用多沙唑嗪、非那雄胺和安慰剂,B组服用多沙唑嗪、安慰剂和西地那非,C组服用多沙唑嗪、非那雄胺和西地那非。16周后比较各组的IIEF-5、IPSS、Qmax、夜尿次数和残余尿等,并记录不良反应。结果:A、B、C组的IIEF-5分别提高10.2%、57.1%和57.6%,IPSS分别降低22.2%、20.8%和20.1%。18例(21.4%)患者有较轻的不良反应。结论:多沙唑嗪、非那雄胺和西地那非联合治疗BPH相关的LUTS和ED是安全有效的。     

良性前列腺增生患者在不同治疗方式下发生勃起功能障碍的危险因素分析

目的 分析良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者在不同治疗方式下发生勃起功能障碍(ED)的危险因素.方法 收集2006年1月至2007年10月在我院治疗的BPH患者128例,对所有病例进行病史采集.患者按不同的治疗方式分为经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)组62例和药物治疗组66例,开始治疗后6个月随访IIEF-5评分结果.对128例患者的完整资料进行统计学分析.结果 128例患者治疗前的ED患病率为68.75%.TURP组治疗后ED的患病率升高了12.90%,术中前列腺包膜穿孔和前列腺体积＞60ml的患者术后全部出现ED,术后逆向射精的发生率为90.91%.药物治疗组中,使用非那雄胺组的ED患病率增加了14.70%,无非那雄胺组的ED患病率下降了12.50%.结论 TURP术后ED的患病率升高了12.90%,前列腺体积＞60ml和术中前列腺包膜穿孔是TURP术后引起ED的重要危险因素,TURP术后逆行射精的发生率是90.91%.药物治疗中,非那雄胺对患者的勃起功能有负面影响,α1-受体阻滞剂对勃起功能没有影响,对于有性生活需要的BPH患者,α1-受体阻滞剂可以作为首选治疗药物.     

非那雄胺间歇给药维持良性前列腺增生疗效的临床研究

目的验证非那雄胺间歇给药维持良性前列腺增生（BPH）疗效的可行性并观察间歇给药是否能够减少勃起功能障碍、性欲减退等性功能相关不良反应的发生率。方珐收集泌尿外科门诊符合入组条件的60例患者,将受试者均分为3组,分别予非那雄胺（保列治）5mg1次／d、1次／2d及1次／3d口服,进行为其6个月的随访。以国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、最大尿流率（Qmax）及超声测量作为治疗有效性参数,以勃起功能障碍国际问卷5（IIEF-5）作为治疗前后性功能评价参数。结果1次／3d给药组多数患者于试验开始后2～3周出现明显症状加重,提前终止该组实验。随访1次／d及1次／2d给药组6个月,1次／2d给药组勃起功能障碍发生率略低于1次／d给药组。结论非那雄胺隔日间歇给药可能能够达到维持BPH疗效、减少药物副反应的目的,但这一推断尚需通过更大规模的随机、双盲多中心试验进行证实。     

年龄在α-受体阻滞剂治疗良性前列腺增生中的作用

在应用α-受体阻滞剂治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)中要考虑年龄因素。这是Atan A等进行的一项研究所支持的观点。他们给90例良性前列腺增生患者服用α1-受体阻断剂(多沙唑嗪4mg/d)治疗8个星期。所有患者按大于60岁和小于60岁,分成2组。在治疗前后,采用IPSS评分进行分析。结果发现,小于60岁组症状减轻更为明显。此项研究从一定程度上说明了年龄在BPH进展和对治疗效果的影响。     

北京地区老年男性性生活现状初步调查

目的:了解北京地区老年男性性生活平均终止年龄及勃起功能障碍(ED)的发生率及影响因素。方法:共入选764例健康体检门诊接受检查60岁以上的男性,调查采用性健康评估资源(SHARE)问卷及国际勃起功能指数5(IIEF-5)和门诊咨询形式,根据患者的自我评价诊断ED。结果:北京地区男性终止性生活(2年以上无性交)年龄为(68.4±5.2)岁,ED的总发生率为89.4%,其中轻度6.7%、中度18.6%、重度28.4%和无性生活率35.7%。在严重ED终止性生活的老年男性中,60～64岁组占26.8%,而70岁以上组则超过50%。统计分析结果显示,年龄、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、肥胖和下尿路症状(LUTS)是影响ED的重要危险因子。结论:ED是老年人群中的常见病,也是终止性生活的主要原因。年龄和一般身体状态是影响ED的重要因素。     

非那雄胺对抗栓治疗的良性前列腺增生患者继发肉眼血尿治疗的研究

目的:探讨非那雄胺对抗栓治疗的BPH患者继发肉眼血尿的治疗。方法:2006年9月～2007年2月明确诊断为BPH继发肉眼血尿的患者105例,分为抗栓组(81例)和对照组(24例)。抗栓组采用抗栓治疗联合非那雄胺,对照组仅采用非那雄胺治疗,随访6个月比较血尿的治疗结果。结果:抗栓组肉眼血尿完全消失52例(64.2%),血尿消失平均时间3.9周(1～6周);血尿较治疗前减轻者12例(14.8%)。对照组肉眼血尿完全消失16例(66.7%),平均时间3.2周(1～5周);血尿较治疗前减轻者4例(16.7%)。抗栓组肉眼血尿消失的平均时间长于对照组(P<0.05),两组之间在血尿治愈率(血尿消失)和有效率(血尿消失+血尿减轻)方面无显著差异,服用不同种类抗栓药物的患者间血尿治愈率无显著差异。结论:对于使用抗栓药物治疗的BPH患者继发肉眼血尿,口服非那雄胺是一种有效的治疗方法,治愈率和有效率与未抗栓治疗组接近,但治愈血尿所用的时间略长。     

上海浦东新区良性前列腺增生合并膀胱过度活动症的流行病学调查

目的调查上海浦东新区≥50岁人群良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的患病率、相关危险因素及其对患者生活质量的影响。方法运用描述性流行病学多阶段随机抽样方法,在上海浦东新区一般人群中抽取≥50岁BPH患者1 632名,对下尿路症状(LUTS)情况采用国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和生活质量评分(QoL)进行评估;应用国际勃起功能指数问卷-5(IIEF-5)记录患者的阴茎勃起功能情况;对合并OAB患者采用膀胱过度活动症症状评分(OABSS)和King健康问卷评分(KHQ)调查;评估BPH合并OAB对患者生活质量的影响。结果共获得有效问卷1 476份。BPH合并OAB的总患病率为39.6%,50岁~、60岁~、70岁~、80岁~及≥90岁年龄组的患病率分别为28.1%、34.2%、44.6%、48.2%、51.5%。年龄、前列腺体积及焦虑抑郁是BPH合并OAB的危险因素。随着年龄与前列腺体积的增加,BPH合并OAB患病率升高,患者LUTS加重,IPSS、QoL、OABSS、KHQ评分增加,IIEF-5评分下降。KHQ评分较高的项目有一般健康状况(26.9±7.4)分、排尿问题严重程度(29.6±8.2)分和睡眠/精力(32.5±8.3)分。结论浦东新区≥50岁人群BPH合并OAB患病率为39.6%,其患病率与年龄、前列腺体积及焦虑抑郁程度呈正相关;BPH可能是男性OAB的患病危险因素之一,而BPH合并OAB可严重影响患者生活质量。     

Finasteride: a long-term follow-up in the treatment of recurrent hematuria associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and long-term results after finasteride treatment of recurrent hematuria associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 80 patients, aged 62-86 (mean 74) years, of whom 50 received finasteride 5 mg once daily for 4 years and 30 were used as controls. Patients with malignancy, severe hepatic or renal failure and hematologic disorders were excluded. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of hematuria (minor, moderate, severe). All patients were followed up at 3, 12, 24 and 48 months. RESULTS: The follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 (mean 22) months in the finasteride group and 3-42 (mean 23) months in the control group. Hematuria recurrence rates were 6/50 (12%) and 23/30 (77%) in the finasteride and control groups, respectively. Surgical treatment was needed in 6 patients of the finasteride group and 19 of the control group. Patients with minor hematuria experienced no recurrence of symptoms in the finasteride group in contrast to 13 of 17 patients in the control group. For the patients with moderate hematuria, recurrence of symptoms was observed in 3 of 13 in the finasteride group and 3 of 5 in the control group. Three of six patients with severe hematuria had a recurrence of symptoms after finasteride treatment in contrast to 7 of 8 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Finasteride has proved to be a safe, well tolerable and effective medication in reducing or preventing recurrent hematuria related to BPH.     

Reporting of acute urinary retention in BPH treatment trials: importance of patient follow-up after discontinuation and case definitions

Objectives. A growing number of reports of retrospective analyses of adverse events occurring during studies with alpha-blockers in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have compared acute urinary retention (AUR) event rates with placebo-controlled finasteride trials. Because of differences in study designs, the present analysis was undertaken to compare data on the rates of AUR across different BPH trials accurately.Methods. We report the incidence of spontaneous AUR for placebo, finasteride, and alpha-blockers based on published data in randomized clinical trials in men with BPH.Results. On the basis of the data from all published randomized finasteride and alpha-blocker studies reporting AUR, the overall incidence rate for spontaneous AUR during active treatment with placebo, alpha-blockers, and finasteride ranged from 0.9 to 5.2, 0 to 1.2, and 0.3 to 1.2, respectively. The only study to provide data on AUR occurring during post-treatment follow-up was the Proscar Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study (PLESS), in which approximately 25% of events occurred in patients after they had discontinued the study. Several of the alpha-blocker studies had significantly shorter durations, relatively small patient populations with smaller prostate volumes, lower numbers of events reported, and higher discontinuation rates with no follow-up, all of which could tremendously affect the reporting of AUR. Additionally, only PLESS reported on both spontaneous and precipitated AUR.Conclusions. Simply comparing the reported rates of AUR from published studies without taking into consideration spontaneous versus precipitated AUR, discontinuation rates, total patient follow-up, and prostate volume does not adequately allow for comparison of the true event rate across different clinical trials.     

The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of LUTS/BPH, a study in 6 European countries

OBJECTIVES: This paper profiles the usage and effectiveness of various LUTS/BPH drugs in real-life practice. METHOD: The TRIUMPH study recorded the treatment and outcomes of 2351 newly-presenting LUTS/BPH patients in 6 European countries over a 1-year follow-up period. At each visit the clinician recorded the treatment, co-morbidities, complications and drugs prescribed, and the patient completed an IPSS questionnaire. The results were analysed using change in IPSS as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Over the study period 74.9% of patients were prescribed medication, the majority (83% of those medicated) were prescribed only a single drug. Tamsulosin was the most commonly prescribed drug in all countries (38% of medicated cases), although with national variation from 24% in Poland to 70% in Italy. The alpha-blockers were the most effective, with a mean reduction of 6.3 IPSS points. Finasteride was slightly less effective (4.1 points). Significant improvements were seen in 43% of patients on phytotherapy with Serenoa repens or Pygeum africanum compared to 57% of those on finasteride and 68% on alpha-blockers. The only combination therapy found to produce a statistically significant improvement over the use of individual drugs was finasteride+tamsulosin (8.1 points compared to 6.7 for tamsulosin alone and 4.2 for finasteride alone). CONCLUSIONS: All drug treatments showed some improvement over watchful-waiting for most patients over the study period: the alpha-blockers were found to be the most effective. There were marked national differences in prescribing patterns, both in individual drug choice and in the use of combination therapies.     

Combination therapy with rofecoxib and finasteride in the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

PURPOSE: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed in human BPH tissue and displays either a pro-inflammatory effect or a proliferative effect on prostate cells. The aim of this study is to analyze whether combination therapy with rofecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, and finasteride offers an advantage compared to finasteride monotherapy in patients with BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single centre unblinded trial. Forty-six consecutive men with LUTS and BPH were entered into the study and were randomized to receive rofecoxib 25mg/day plus finasteride 5mg/day (group B) versus finasteride 5mg/day alone (group A) for 24 weeks. Inclusion criteria included also a prostate size greater than 40 cc. The efficacy and safety of treatments were assessed at baseline and at week 4, 12 and 24. RESULTS: In our population, both treatments (groups A and B) produced statistically significant improvements in total IPSS and Q(max) from baseline during follow-up, although they were very low in particular for the finasteride alone group at 4 weeks. We found that finasteride monotherapy produces very little improvement at the 1 month interval. In comparing group A with group B, a significantly higher improvement in IPSS (p=0.0001) and Q(max) (p=0.03) was obtained in group B at 4 weeks interval (% cases with IPSS reduction >4 points: group B=34.7, group A=0; % cases with Q(max) improvement >3 ml/s: group B=8.7, group A=0), whereas at week 24, the differences between the two treatments were not significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our population, the advantage of the combination therapy compared to finasteride alone is significant in a short-term interval (4 weeks). It can be hypothesized that the association of rofecoxib with finasteride induces a more rapid improvement in clinical results until the effect of finasteride becomes predominant.     

Doxazosin for treating lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic obstruction: a systematic review of efficacy and adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of doxazosin for treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) compatible with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis if: the study duration was > or = 1 month; the study involved men with symptomatic BPO; and doxazosin was compared with placebo or active controls. Study and patient characteristics and outcome data were extracted in duplicate onto standardized forms using a prospectively developed protocol. RESULTS: Thirteen studies involving 6033 men with (mean age 64 years) met the inclusion criteria; 10 were placebo-controlled, including two with combined doxazosin/finasteride therapy and finasteride monotherapy arms. Three trials were a comparison with other alpha-blockers. The study duration was 1-54 months. The mean baseline symptom scores and peak urinary flow (PUF) rates were indicative of moderate BPO. Doxazosin gave significant improvements in LUTS, assessed by symptom scores, vs placebo and finasteride in the short- to long-term. Two long-term studies (1 and 4 years) reported mean changes from baseline for the International Prostate Symptom Score of - 8.3 and - 6.6 points (-49% and - 39%) for doxazosin and - 5.7 and - 4.9 points (-33% and - 29%) for placebo, respectively. Doxazosin significantly increased PUF rates vs placebo. In pooled results from three studies, the weighted mean difference in the mean change from baseline vs placebo was 1.6 mL/s (95% confidence interval 1.2-2.1). Efficacy was comparable with other alpha1-blockers. In the long-term (>4 years) doxazosin was no better then finasteride in improving PUF. Combined doxazosin and finasteride significantly reduced the risk of overall clinical progression of BPO vs each drug separately in men followed for >4 years. Absolute risk reductions vs placebo were 11.3%, 6.9% and 6.4% for combined therapy, doxazosin and finasteride, respectively (P < 0.001). Improvements in symptom scores and PUF were also significantly greater with combined than monotherapy, and the former reduced the need for invasive treatment for BPO and the risk of long-term urinary retention, although the absolute reductions in risk vs placebo were small (<4%). Dizziness and fatigue were significantly more common with doxazosin than placebo (11% vs 7%, and 6% vs 3%, respectively). Adverse events reported for combined therapy were similar to those with each monotherapy. CONCLUSION: The evidence indicates that doxazosin is effective and generally well tolerated for improving LUTS and PUF in men with symptomatic BPO. Combined therapy was better than doxazosin alone in reducing the risk of clinical progression of BPO and other long-term complications related to BPO.     

Medical consumption and costs during a one-year follow-up of patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH in six european countries: report of the TRIUMPH study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the medical consumption and associated treatment costs of patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional, observational survey in six European countries: France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom, with a one-year follow-up of incident and prevalent patients. RESULTS: Treatment costs were estimated for 5,057 patients with a mean age of 66 years and a mean IPSS score at inclusion of 11.5. In 30% of patients watchful waiting was the therapy of choice for the full follow-up period, 57% were prescribed alpha-lockers, 11% finasteride and 10% phytotherapy at any moment during the follow-up (including switches and combination of treatment). Surgery rate was 4.9%. Mean one-year treatment costs were 858 per patient, three quarters of which concerned medication costs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that medication choice, complications and undergoing surgery were associated with higher costs. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment costs for patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH were moderate and largely consisted of medication costs. Daily practice and associated costs varied considerably across the six countries.     

5-Alpha reductase inhibition provides superior benefits to alpha blockade by preventing AUR and BPH-related surgery

OBJECTIVES: This analysis examines the relative effectiveness of current medical therapies for BPH in preventing AUR, AUR-related catheterisation and surgery in real-life clinical practice. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of observational data from the General Practice Research Database (UK) (GPRD). The cohort contains 4500 patients experiencing BPH or lower urinary tract symptoms strongly suggestive of BPH, aged over 50 years, who were prescribed a 5ARI (finasteride) or an alpha-blocker (alfuzosin, doxazosin, indoramin, prazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin) as their first BPH treatment between 1996 and 1999 inclusive. Cox regression and competing risks analyses, adjusted for age and year of first treatment, followed patients from the start of their first BPH treatment to AUR, catheterisation or surgery, or censoring. RESULTS: Patients prescribed an alpha-blocker were significantly more likely to experience AUR (hazard ratio 2.32, 95%CI 1.37, 3.94) or surgery (hazard ratio 1.78, 95%CI 1.30, 2.44) than patients prescribed a 5ARI. These differences were sustained with sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Real-life clinical practice shows that significantly fewer BPH patients prescribed a 5ARI experienced serious complications associated with the progression of BPH compared with those prescribed an alpha-blocker.