血清生殖激素、精浆锌与睾丸生精障碍的关系

目的探讨无精子症患者血清生殖激素水平、精浆锌含量与睾丸生精状态的关系.方法对128例男性不育患者与30例正常对照者,进行了血清生殖激素(FSH,LH,T,PRL)检测、睾丸活检病理学检查、睾丸容积及精液分析,测定了40例无精子症患者和30例正常对照精浆的锌含量.结果无精子症组的精浆锌含量降低,与正常对照组比较存在显著性差异(P《0.05);睾丸源性无精子症血清FSH,LH升高,睾丸容积减少,睾丸容积小于15ml者,其T/LH值下降,与正常对照组间存在非常显著性差异(P《0.01),提示睾丸功能损伤,间质细胞功能受损. 结论血清FSH含量在鉴别睾丸源发性与梗阻性无精子症中是非常重要的指标,T/LH比值是判定睾丸间质细胞损伤的指标,睾丸生精障碍程度愈严重,其FSH,LH水平愈高,而L/LH值降低愈明显,精浆Zn及血清生殖激素的检测,在男性不育无精子症诊断和在判定睾丸功能的损伤程度中具有重要作用.     

血清生殖激素、精浆锌与睾丸生精障碍的关系

目的 探讨无精子症患者血清生殖激素水平、精浆锌含量与睾丸生精状态的关系。方法 对128例男性不育患者与30例正常对照者,进行了血清生殖激素（FSH,LH,T,PRL）检测、睾丸活检病理学检查、睾丸容积及精液分析,测定了40例无精子症患者和30例正常对照精浆的锌含量。结果 无精子症组的精浆锌含量降低,与正常对照组比较存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;睾丸源性无精子症血清FSH,LH升高,睾丸容积减少,睾丸容积小于15ml者,其T/LH值下降,与正常对照组间存在非常显著性差异（P<0.01）,提示睾丸功能损伤,间质细胞功能受损。结论 血清FSH含量在鉴别睾丸源发性与梗阻性无精子症中是非常重要的指标,T/LH比值是判定睾丸间质细胞损伤的指标,睾丸生精障碍程度愈严重,其FSH,LH水平愈高,而L/LH值降低愈明显,精浆Zn及血清生殖激素的检测,在男性不育无精子症诊断和在判定睾丸功能的损伤程度中具有重要作用。     

男性不育无精子症患者血清生殖激素测定及意义

目的 评价血清生殖激素测定在不育无精子症诊断及判定睾丸功能损害程度的意义.方法 对104例男性不育及32例无精子症患者进行了血清生殖激素卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、催乳素(PRL)检测,并结合精液常规检查、睾丸容积测定以及睾丸活检进行分析.结果 睾丸性无精子症组的FSH含量明显高于正常组和梗阻性无精子症组,差异显著(P＜0.01);T/LH比值明显低于正常组和梗阻性无精子症组,差异显著(P＜0.01).双侧睾丸容积小于20 ml组的FSH含量明显高于双侧睾丸容积大于20 ml组,差异显著(P＜0.01),T/LH比值明显低于双侧睾丸容积大于20 ml组,差异显著(P＜0.01).结论 血清生殖激素测定对判定男性不育无精子症患者睾丸的损害程度及鉴别睾丸原发性与梗阻性无精子症具有重要作用.     

棉酚对雄性大鼠睾酮生成的影响

给大鼠喂服醋酸棉酚每日30mg/kg,6或8wk后用放射免疫法测定血清、睾丸间质细胞液和曲精细管液中睾酮的浓度;用放射配体结合法测定睾丸中黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)受体的含量。结果表明在上述剂量和给药时间的条件下,棉酚对垂体-睾丸轴系无影响。     

生殖激素检测在非梗阻性无精子症患者诊治中的价值

目的探讨非梗阻性无精子症患者血清生殖激素水平与睾丸精子发生的关系。方法筛选135例非梗阻性无精子症患者,根据WHO推荐标准。测量所有患者血清促卵泡刺激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、睾酮（T）、T／LH比值、抑制素B（INHB）、INHB／FSH比值和催乳素（PRL）水平。NOA患者根据睾丸穿刺精子抽吸（TESA）结果分为睾丸有精子组与无精子组,分析INHB／FSH比值在获精结果的诊断效能。结果NOA患者中睾丸无精子组与有精子组比较,有精子组血清INHB／FSH比值明显高于无精子组,差异有统计学意义（t=9．790,P〈0．001）,INHB／FSH比值鉴别NOA患者有精子与无精子结果的ROC曲细切点值2．57,敏感性与特异度分别为83．3％,96．8％,曲线下面积（AUC）为0．962,表明其诊断准确性较高。结论FSH、T／LH比值水平测定对无精子症诊断分型有参考作用,INHB／FSH比值对预测NOA患者睾丸取精结果有重要价值。     

杨梅黄酮对铅染毒雄性小鼠生精功能及激素水平的影响#br#

目的 研究杨梅黄酮（myricetin）对铅染毒所致雄性小鼠生精障碍的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 选 取昆明种小鼠60只,随机分成对照组、染铅组、甲睾酮组（10 mg/kg,即阳性对照组）及杨梅黄酮低、中、高剂量组,每组 10只,除对照组外,其他5组采用腹腔注射醋酸铅（20 mg/kg,7 d）建立雄性小鼠生精障碍模型,造模第2天始,杨梅黄 酮低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃杨梅黄酮 100、200、400 mg/kg,连续 42 d。观察雄性小鼠的睾丸指数、精子密度、精子畸 形率变化,检测血清中睾酮（T）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）及睾丸组织中的山梨醇脱氢酶（SDH）、丙二醛 （MDA）水平的变化,HE染色观察睾丸组织的病理改变。结果 与染铅组比较,杨梅黄酮各剂量组的精子密度增高、 睾丸指数增大、精子畸形率降低,杨梅黄酮各剂量组血清LH、FSH含量降低,T升高,睾丸组织中MDA含量降低、SDH 活性增高（P＜0.05）。睾丸组织镜下可见染铅组生精上皮变薄,生精细胞层次和数量减少,生精小管腔见少量精子形 成,而杨梅黄酮中、高剂量可改善醋酸铅所致的睾丸组织改变。结论 杨梅黄酮可通过抗氧化作用、减轻醋酸铅所 致睾丸组织氧化应激损伤,促进睾酮的分泌,提高睾丸及精子活性,从而改善睾丸的生精功能。     

睾丸体积、生殖激素及α-糖苷酶测定在无精子症分型诊断中的应用

目的 探讨睾丸体积、血清生殖激素及精浆α-糖苷酶测定等无创技术在无精子症分型诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用Prader睾丸模型比拟法、磁性微粒分离酶联免疫测定法和葡萄糖氧化酶法对49例正常生育男性和102例无精子症患者测定睾丸体积、血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)浓度及精浆α-糖苷酶活性.结果 与正常对照组(C组)比较,睾丸性无精子症组(A组,52例)睾丸体积明显偏小,FSH、LH明显升高、T明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),α-糖苷酶活性正常,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);梗阻性无精子症组(B组,50例)睾丸体积、FSH、LH、T差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),α-糖苷酶活性则明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 睾丸体积测量、血清FSH、LH、T测定,有助于睾丸生精能力的判断,结合精浆α-糖苷酶测定,通过无创技术,能较准确地鉴别梗阻性与非梗阻性(睾丸性)无精子症.     

锌和维生素A对乙醇致大鼠睾丸损伤的保护作用

目的研究锌和维生素A（VA）对长期摄入乙醇致大鼠睾丸损害的保护作用及可能机制。方法 40只健康雄性成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组、乙醇组、乙醇＋葡萄糖酸锌组、乙醇＋VA组,每组10只,4组每日分别灌胃给予乙醇0、7.5g/kg、乙醇7.5g/kg＋葡萄糖酸锌7.7mg/kg、乙醇7.5g/kg＋VA50μg/kg,连续13周。对4组大鼠的精子计数、精子活动率、精子畸形率、血清睾酮（T）、黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）含量进行检测,光、电镜观察睾丸的形态改变。同时测定睾丸线粒体中丙二醛（MDA）的产生量,免疫组织化学法检测睾丸组织中iNOS的表达。结果与对照组相比,乙醇组大鼠精子计数减少,精子活动率下降,精子畸形率升高（P〈0.05）,血清T、LH、FSH水平明显降低（P〈0.05）;睾丸生精上皮结构破坏,支持细胞和各级生精细胞均有退化变性;睾丸生精细胞iNOS表达明显增强（P〈0.05）;睾丸线粒体丙二醛含量明显升高（P〈0.05）。与乙醇组相比,乙醇＋葡萄糖酸锌组和乙醇＋VA组精子计数、精子活动率有所上升,生精细胞退化变性程度减轻,睾丸生精细胞iNOS表达减弱（P〈0.05）,睾丸线粒体MDA减少,但血清T、LH、FSH水平仍低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论补充锌和VA可以限制乙醇引起的睾丸过氧化损伤,保护睾丸的生精功能,但仍有生殖内分泌激素合成障碍。     

服棉酚者精浆中生殖激素的测定

血清中睾丸酮（T）、黄体生成素（LH）和促卵泡激素（FSH）的测定为临床不育症诊断中常用的检验方法，是了解间质细胞功能和生精功能的重要指标。我们对27例曾服棉酚的成年男子以及8例正常成年男子精浆和血浆中T、FSH、LH进行了测定，表明精浆T是判断间质细胞功能的一个更敏感指标。材料与方法一、实验对象1．正常组8例，婚后至少生育过一胎的健康男性。精液常规检查正常，精子计数＞40X106／ml，精子活率＞80％，畸型精子＜5％。2．20例口服棉酚1年9个月～9年2个月（总量为7．6～27．5g），停服22个月以上的成年男子。精液检查发现6…     

二硫化碳对雄性大鼠性激素的影响及维生素E的拮抗作用

目的探讨二硫化碳(CS2)对雄性大鼠血清促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和睾酮(T)含量的影响,同时观察维生素E(VitaminE,VE)对其的拮抗作用。方法健康Wistar雄性大鼠36只随机分为6组,以不同浓度CS2(0、50、250和1250mg/m3)静式吸入染毒,共10周,另设CS2(1250mg/m3)﹢VE(250mg/kg)组和单纯VE(250mg/kg)组,VE拌入饲料中,染毒结束后,计算大鼠睾丸、附睾及垂体脏器系数,检测血清FSH、LH、HCG和T的含量。结果各染毒组睾丸脏器系数均低于对照组,高浓度组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高浓度组大鼠血清中LH和HCG含量下降,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中浓度组T含量升高,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VE干预后,LH和HCG含量均有不同程度的升高(P<0.05)。结论在本试验条件下,得出以下4点结论:(1)CS2染毒对雄性大鼠睾丸、附睾及垂体脏器系数均有一定程度的影响;(2)CS2亦能影响雄性大鼠血清激素FSH、LH、HCG、T的含量;(3)VE对C...     

In vitro effect of gossypol acetate on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) spermatozoa

Gossypol, a known antispermatogenic agent from the cotton plant genus Gossypium, was found to inhibit yellow perch sperm motility in vitro and lactate dehydrogenase activity in spermatozoa when used in a dose-dependent manner. This toxin also significantly decreased sperm fertilizing ability. Exposure of sperm suspension to a 200-μM concentration of gossypol caused sperm immobilization and a consequent lack of fertilization. Effects of gossypol on sperm motility and fertilizing ability were partially reversible when sperm suspensions were transferred to solutions without gossypol. This reversibility was proportional to the gossypol concentration. We observed a significant increase of abnormal embryos produced by the fertilization of spermatozoa pretreated with gossypol. This implies that gossypol could affect the sperm genome. The results indicate a usefulness for yellow perch sperm in studies of gossypol action mechanisms. Results of in vitro experiments suggest a potential for reproductive impairment in fish when using cottonseed-containing diets or organic fertilizers in yellow perch aquaculture. However, these observations should be confirmed in in vivo experiments with yellow perch and other species.     

Primary mitochondrial activity of gossypol in yeast and mammalian cells

Gossypol showed primary antimitochondrial activity in yeast cells in that the drug (1) inhibited growth of cells utilizing mitochondrial substrates as carbon and energy sources, and (2) selectively inhibited mitochondrial protein synthesis. Primary antimitochondrial activity was demonstrated in guinea-pig keratinocytes (GPK) by early arrest of growth and loss of viability in medium with glutamine (a mitochondrial substrate) as carbon and energy source compared with cells utilizing glucose. Gossypol depressed oxygen uptake directly in respiring cells. Gossypol interacted with the known antimitochondrial agents ethidium bromide and 5-fluorouracil (FU), potentiating the activity of FU but reversing that of ethidium bromide in yeast and GPK. Also, the activity of the mitochondrial inhibitor oligomycin was reversed by the presence of gossypol in yeast cells but not tested in GPK. The uptake and retention of the mitochondria-specific dye rhodamine 123 were much depressed by gossypol in GPK. Gossypol showed little or no inhibitory effects in yeast or GPK in the presence of ethanol (0.2-0.5%). The drug was not mutagenic with respect to the yeast mitochondrial system. It was tentatively suggested that mitochondrial perturbation could explain the antifertility effect of gossypol if it is assumed that mitochondria have a special role to play in spermatogenesis and sperm motility, making these tissues more sensitive to mitochondrial inhibitors than somatic cells.     

Inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) currents in mouse spermatogenic cells by gossypol, an antifertility compound

Gossypol, a male antifertility compound isolated from cotton, has been proved to inhibit capacitation and the acrosome reaction in human and mammalian sperm. Here, by using whole-cell recording, we observed the effects of gossypol on Ca(2+) and Cl(-) currents in mouse spermatogenic cells obtained by mechanical dissociation. The results showed that gossypol concentration-dependently and irreversibly inhibited T-type Ca(2+) currents in the cells. When the concentration of gossypol was > or =5 microM, the currents were blocked completely. The time to current block was progressively shortened as the gossypol concentration was increased from 5 to 80 microM. Moreover, the drug increased the time constant of inactivation in a concentration-dependent manner, while it did not affect the activation of the current. The inhibitory effect on the T-type Ca(2+) current did not correlate with signaling mediated by G proteins and tyrosine phosphorylation. No obvious effect of gossypol on Cl(-) currents was observed. These data suggest that the gossypol-induced inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) currents could be responsible for the antifertility activity of the compound, indicating a possibility to use gossypol as a local contraceptive drug.     

醋酸棉酚对hCG促进大鼠分散黄体细胞产生孕酮的影响

本文在体外研究了醋酸棉酚对分散大鼠黄体细胞产生孕酮的影响及其作用机制。当棉酚浓度在20μg/ml、作用时间1h,hCG刺激黄体细胞孕酮的生成量显著下降,但对基础孕酮的产生无明显影响;上述剂量的棉酚在作用4h后时细胞存活率无明显影响。经棉酚作用过的黄体细胞,经2h再孵育,不能恢复其对hCG的反应性。同时棉酚显著降低黄体细胞cAMP产生。结果提示,棉酚可能通过降低cAMP产生而抑制hCG的生孕酮作用。     

Irradiation effects on embryotoxicity and oxidative properties of gossypol dissolved in methanol.

Gossypol dissolved in methanol (0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml) was gamma-irradiated at 0, 5, 10, and 20 kGy. The gossypol content was significantly reduced by irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Ames test performed with nonirradiated and irradiated gossypol solutions was negative at the level of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 50, and 100 microg gossypol/plate. At the gossypol concentration of 2.5 microg/ml, the blastocysts formation rate of mice embryo were decreased by a factor of two as compared with the control, but irradiation at 20 kGy increased the blastocysts formation, resulting in no difference from the control. Addition of gossypol to oil emulsion system or oil showed a prooxidative effect of lipids at the beginning stage by increasing 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value but irradiation of the gossypol solution decreased the oxidative changes significantly as compared with the nonirradiated one. Results indicated that irradiation decreased the gossypol concentration dissolved in methanol, resulting in a reduction of embryotoxicity in mice.     

Spermatotoxicity,biochemical changes and histological alteration induced by gossypol in testicular and hepatic tissues of male rats

Gossypol acetic acid (GAA) displays anti-fertility and antioxidant behavior. The efficacies of different doses of gossypol acetic acid were investigated in male albino rats. Rats were allocated into four groups: control group and three GAA-treated groups (2–4), that were injected with GAA (5, 10, 20 mg/kg BW, respectively), through inrtaperitonial injection. Treatment of GAA was found to elicit a significant decrease in sperm counting, sperm motility, serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, whereas, the activities of testicular 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17-ketosteroid reductase were increased. The activities of serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase and hepatic glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase and the level of hepatic glutathione were elevated. While, the lipid peroxidation end product; malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and lipid profile and the activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 were decreased in GAA-treated rats. The histological analysis of liver and testicular tissues showed sever hepatocyte damage in addition to abnormal localization of hepatocytic nuclei. Also, the testicular pathology of GAA-treated rats showed depressed spermatogensis, sertoli cell toxicity and degeneration of seminiferous tubules.     

HPLC测定棉油皂脚中棉酚含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定棉油皂脚中总棉酚（TGP）与游离棉酚（FGP）含量的方法。方法采用WatersBondapak C18 Column（3.9 mm×150 mm,4μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.7%磷酸水溶液（80∶20）;流速为1.0 mL.min-1;检测波长为238 nm;柱温为25℃。结果棉酚在10～60μg.mL-1（r=0.999 4）内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为99.03%,RSD=1.72%（n=3）。结论本法简便、快速、准确、重复性高,可用于对棉油皂脚中棉酚的含量测定。     

The Modulation of Gap Junctional Communication by Gossypol in Various Mammalian Cell Lines in vitro

The Modulation of Gap Junctional Communication by Gossypol inVarious Mammalian Cell Lines in vitro YE, Y.-X., BOMBICK, D.,HIRST, K., ZHANG, G., CHANG, C. C, TROSKO, J. E., AND AKERA,T. (1990). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 14, 817–832. The effectsof gossypol were examined in several cell lines including hamsterV79 lung fibroblasts, WB-344 rat liver oval cells, human osteosarcomacells and LC540 rat Leydig cells. Gossypol had little cytotoxiceffects in these cell lines except at high concentrations. Plasmamembrane integrity was maintained in LC54O except at high concentrationsof gossypol. Gossypol did not increase mutational frequencyas examined by the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferaseand Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase loci in V79 cells. Gossypol inhibited gapjunctional intercellular communication in some but not all ofthe cell lines. This selectivity might be the basis for thesensitivity of certain tissues or organs to gossypol. For example,the Leydig cell, which is the component of a target organ systemfor toxicity, was sensitive to gossypol. Modulation of gap junctionalfunctions might play a significant role in both pharmacologicaland toxicological effects of gossypol.     

Protection of rat myocardial phospholipid against peroxidative injury through superoxide-(xanthine oxidase)-dependent, iron-promoted Fenton chemistry by the male contraceptive gossypol

Metal-promoted oxygen free-radical chemistry is a cause of tissue damage in many disease states, such as myocardial ischemia. The effect of gossypol, a polyphenolic plant pigment and male contraceptive, on the peroxidation of myocardial membrane phospholipid was studied and quantitatively characterized. As a result of exposure to xanthine oxidase (superoxide)-dependent, iron-promoted Fenton chemistry, cardiac phospholipid was readily peroxidized with defined kinetics. The peroxidation could be blocked by substances which interdict at specific points in the Fenton chemistry: superoxide dismutase, alpha-tocopherol, the iron chelator desferrioxamine, and the xanthine oxidase substrate-analogs allopurinol and oxypurinol. The oxidative-injury system displayed a characteristic antiperoxidant response to each type of inhibitor. Gossypol, at low micromolar concentrations, profoundly altered the rate and extent of myocardial phospholipid peroxidation. Gossypol was ineffective as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and as a superoxide scavenger at concentrations that abolished myocardial lipid peroxidation. Since metal chelation was an effective means of preventing lipid peroxidation in this system only when the iron therein was completely chelated, the low anti-peroxidant IC50 for gossypol, 1.1. microM, relative to the concentration of iron (100 microM) did not support a functionally significant antiperoxidant role for gossypol as an iron chelator. Rather, it appears that, at low micromolar gossypol concentrations which approximate the peak plasma concentrations in humans, the antiperoxidant effects of gossypol against superoxide-mediated, iron-promoted lipid damage rest with the ability of gossypol to intercept lipid radical intermediates as a "chain-breaking" aromatic phenol.