高甘油三酯血症对血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察高甘油三酯血症对血管内皮功能的影响。方法　对 30例高甘油三酯血症患者和 30例正常人 ,采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导的和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能 ,并测定血浆内皮素和血脂。结果　 1.高甘油三酯血症组血流介导的肱动脉舒张较正常组明显减弱 [分别为 (2 7± 2 0 ) %和 (15 0± 8 0 ) % ,P <0 0 0 1],而两组对硝酸甘油的血管舒张反应无显著性差异 [分别为 (15 0± 5 0 ) %和 (16 8± 9 0 ) % ,P >0 0 5 ]。 2 高甘油三酯血症组血浆内皮素水平显著高于正常组 [分别为 (10 6 2 2± 19 16 ) μg/L和 (72 37± 14 0 6 ) μg/L ,P <0 0 0 1]。结论　高甘油三酯血症患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显受损。血管内皮功能失调可能是高甘油三酯血症致动脉粥样硬化的一个重要机制。     

高甘油三酯血症对血管内皮功能的影响

目的观察高甘油三酯血症对血管内皮功能的影响.方法对30例高甘油三酯血症患者和30例正常人,采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导的和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能,并测定血浆内皮素和血脂.结果 1.高甘油三酯血症组血流介导的肱动脉舒张较正常组明显减弱[分别为(2.7±2.0)%和(15.0±8.0)%,P<0.001],而两组对硝酸甘油的血管舒张反应无显著性差异[分别为(15.0±5.0)%和(16.8±9.0)%,P>0.05].2.高甘油三酯血症组血浆内皮素水平显著高于正常组[分别为(106.22±19.16)μg/L和(72.37±14.06)μg/L,P<0.001].结论高甘油三酯血症患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显受损.血管内皮功能失调可能是高甘油三酯血症致动脉粥样硬化的一个重要机制.     

微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血管内皮功能的作用

目的 :探讨微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血管内皮功能的作用。方法 :对 30例高三酰甘油血症患者 (口服微粒化非诺贝特 2 0 0mg/d治疗 4周前后 )和 30例正常人采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导的和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能 ,并测定血浆内皮素 (ET)和血脂。结果 :①高三酰甘油血症组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应较正常组明显减弱 [(2 .7± 2 .0 ) %∶(15 .0± 8.0 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而两组对硝酸甘油的血管舒张反应差异无显著性意义 [(15 .0± 5 .0 ) %∶(16 .8± 9.0 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。②高三酰甘油血症患者微粒化非诺贝特治疗后血流介导的肱动脉舒张显著改善 [(11.0± 9.0 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张较治疗前无明显改变[(16 .2± 6 .0 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。③高三酰甘油血症患者血浆ET水平显著高于正常人 [(10 6 .2± 19.2 ) μg/L∶(72 .4± 14 .1) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1],微粒化非诺贝特治疗后血浆ET水平显著降低 [(82 .7± 15 .5 ) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1],血清三酰甘油明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者受损的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能有改善作用。改善血管内皮功能亦是微粒化非诺贝特防治冠心病的作用机制之一     

益多脂对高甘油三酯血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的 :观察益多脂对高甘油三酯血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响。方法 :30例高甘油三酯血症患者 (治疗组 )口服益多脂治疗 8周后 ,采静脉血用酶法测定甘油三酯 (TG)和总胆固醇 (TC)的浓度 ;采用高分辨率血管外超声法检测治疗前后肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 ,并与 2 8例正常对照者 (对照组 )比较。结果 :治疗组血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显减弱 ,与对照组相比差异有显著性意义 [(4 .1± 0 .5 ) %∶(10 .1± 0 .8) % ],单因素相关分析发现 :血浆TG浓度与血流介导的肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能下降值之间呈负相关 (r =- 0 .6 3,P <0 .0 1)。治疗 8周后血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能增加 (4 .6± 1.2 ) % (P <0 .0 1) ,单因素相关分析显示 :肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能改善的程度与TG的基础值无相关性 (r =0 .2 84,P >0 .0 5 ) ,与TG的降低程度呈正相关 (r =0 .5 39,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :益多脂对高甘油三酯血症患者具有改善其血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的作用     

高尿酸血症对血管内皮功能影响的观察

目的　观察高尿酸血症对血管内皮功能的影响。方法　对 30例高尿酸血症男性患者和 30例正常男性采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能 ,并测定血浆内皮素和一氧化氮。结果　 (1)高尿酸血症患者血流介导的肱动脉舒张较正常组明显减弱 (P <0 0 1) ,而两组对硝酸甘油的血管舒张反应差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;(2 )高尿酸血症患者血浆内皮素水平显著高于正常组 (P <0 0 1) ;一氧化氮水平显著低于正常组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　高尿酸血症患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显受损 ,血管内皮功能失调可能是高尿酸血症致动脉粥样硬化的一个重要机制。     

辛伐他汀对原发性高血压并高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的 :研究辛伐他汀对原发性高血压 (EH)并高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响。方法 :采用高分辨超声技术 ,对 2 4例EH并高胆固醇血症患者 (A组 )降脂前后和 2 0例血浆胆固醇水平正常的对照者 (B组 )血管内皮依赖性舒张功能进行检测。结果 :A组患者服用辛伐他汀 10mg治疗 8周后肱动脉血流介导性舒张较B组明显减弱 [(2 .99± 2 .2 4 ) %∶(7.0 1± 2 .73) % ,P <0 .0 1],且对硝酸甘油的反应差异亦有显著性意义[(8.2 8± 5 .12 ) %∶(12 .2 8± 4 .84 ) % ,P <0 .0 5 ]。血浆总胆固醇从 (6 .39± 0 .71)mmol L降至 (5 .2 3± 0 .33)mmol L ,同时肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张较治疗前明显改善 [(7.82± 1.2 9) %∶(2 .99± 2 .2 4 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而治疗前后肱动脉对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性改变。结论 :EH并高胆固醇血症患者存在血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍 ;经辛伐他汀降胆固醇治疗后 ,受损的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能得到明显改善     

高密度脂蛋白对血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的　探讨血清高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)水平与肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能之间的关系。方法　测定 71例血清总胆固醇水平相对正常的冠心病患者和 34例对照者的血脂水平以及在反应性充血时和含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉的内径变化。结果　冠心病组血流介导的肱动脉舒张和硝酸甘油所致的肱动脉舒张均低于对照组 [分别为 (2 6 1± 2 91) %比 (8 0 1± 4 72 ) %和 (17 2 2± 6 76 ) %比 (2 3 13± 8 6 1) % ,P均 <0 0 0 1]。多因素线性逐步回归分析显示 :血流介导的肱动脉舒张与血清HDL C水平呈正相关 (r=0 32 4,P =0 0 0 2 ) ,与血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平无关 ;硝酸甘油所致的肱动脉舒张也与上述血脂水平无关。根据血流介导的肱动脉舒张程度将两组受试者合并再分为A、B两组 ,A组肱动脉舒张≤ 4% ,B组肱动脉舒张 >4%。结果显示 ,A组HDL C水平明显低于B组 [(1 15± 0 2 6 )mmol/L对 (1 38± 0 5 0 )mmol/L ,P <0 0 1) ]。结论　冠心病患者内皮依赖性及非内皮依赖性的血管舒张功能均受损。HDL C对血管内皮依赖性舒张功能有保护作用 ,该作用可能与其抗动脉粥样硬化作用有关     

青年长期吸烟者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的改变

目的:探讨青年长期吸烟血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的改变。方法:测定20例长期吸烟青年及15例正常对照者血流介导的和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉内径改变。结果:两组肱动脉内径基础值(3.75±0 61mm:3.81±0.55mm)及硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张[(22.13±7.65)％:(23.45±8.21)％]无显著差异(P>0.05),而血流介导的血管扩张存在显著差异.为[(3.61±2.90)％:(8.32±4.75)％]、P<0.01。单因素相关分析表明,肱动脉内皮依赖件舒张与吸烟量呈显著负相关(r=0.523.P<0.001).结论:青年长期吸烟者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能明显受损,受损程度与吸烟量有关。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性冠状动脉综合征患者内皮功能的影响

目的了解急性冠状动脉综合征患者的内皮功能及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对内皮功能的影响。方法共入选120例急性冠状动脉综合征患者及30例正常对照者,采用高分辨率彩色多普勒超声仪,测定肱动脉内皮依赖性血流介导的血管舒张功能及非内皮依赖性硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张功能。急性冠状动脉综合征患者按有无接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗分为两组,观察两组患者基线及3个月的内皮依赖性血流介导及非内皮依赖性硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张功能。结果急性冠状动脉综合征患者的内皮依赖性血流介导的血管舒张功能明显低于正常对照组(8.29±5.11比10.64±3.82,P=0.029),而两组间非内皮依赖性硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张功能无明显差别(20.37±9.29比18.41±5.83,P=0.226);经皮冠状动脉介入治疗组术后3个月的内皮依赖性血流介导的血管舒张功能较术前明显降低(5.26±7.20比7.86±5.51,P=0.037),而药物治疗组的内皮依赖性血流介导的血管舒张功能前后对比无明显变化(7.14±6.99比7.91±4.52,P=0.401);内皮依赖性血流介导的血管舒张功能在两组之间及各组治疗前后无统计学差别(P>0.05)。结论急性冠状动脉综合征患者存在内皮功能受损;经皮冠状动脉介入治疗进一步加重内皮功能障碍。     

他汀类药物对原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察辛伐他汀和氟伐他汀对原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法　 6 0例原发性高胆固醇血症患者随机分为辛伐他汀组 (5mg/d)或氟伐他汀组 (2 0mg/d) ,每组 30例 ,均治疗 8周 ,2 0例正常对照。采用超声多普勒于治疗前后对其进行血管内皮功能的测定。结果　原发性高胆固醇血症患者肱动脉血流介导的舒张反应较对照组明显减弱 [辛伐他汀组 (3 38±5 48) % ,氟伐他汀组 (1 17± 5 15 ) % ,对照组 (17 5 8± 6 47) % ,P <0 0 0 1],而三组对硝酸甘油的反应差异无显著性 [分别为 (14 6 4± 6 6 8) % ,(14 46± 7 80 ) % ,(18 31± 6 84) % ,P >0 0 5 ]。辛伐他汀或氟伐他汀治疗 8周后均使血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著降低 ,同时肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能较治疗前亦有明显改善 [辛伐他汀组为 (14 6 8± 5 0 5 ) %比 (3 38± 5 48) % ,氟伐他汀组为(13 94± 6 6 8) %比 (1 17± 5 15 ) % ,P值均 <0 0 0 1],而治疗前后肱动脉对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性变化。结论　原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能受损 ,辛伐他汀或氟伐他汀治疗均可显著改善血管内皮依赖性舒张功能 ,二者之间差异无显著性。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.