实验性减压病兔血清NO和SOD的含量变化及其意义

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)含量在减压病发病过程中的变化及其在发病机制中的意义。方法　将 16只实验兔放入加压舱中 ,于 5 min内用压缩空气加压至 0 .5 MPa,停留 6 0 min,然后于 5 m in内再减至常压。分别于进舱前、出舱后即刻和出舱后 2 4 h,应用心内穿刺方法采血 2 m l,分离血清 ,避免溶血。应用硝酸还原法和改良亚硝酸法分别及时测定血清 NO含量和 SOD活性。结果　 (1)血清中 NO含量在减压出舱后即刻 [(112 .73± 15 .74 ) μm ol/ L]及出舱后 2 4 h[(117.6 0±16 .0 7) μm ol/ L],与进舱前自身对照 [(85 .33± 12 .6 8) μmol/ L]比较 ,明显增高 (P<0 .0 1)。 (2 )血清中SOD活性在出舱后即刻 [(6 5 .97± 16 .5 2 ) NU/ ml]与出舱后 2 4 h[(6 3.0 1± 16 .10 ) NU/ m l],与进舱前[(85 .84± 16 .6 8) NU/ ml]比较 ,均明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 NO含量的增加和 SOD活性的降低可导致自由基生成增加 ,这可能在减压病的继发性损伤中起着重要作用。     

招飞青年中脂质代谢的调查

目的　调查招飞青年空腹血脂及脂肪餐后血浆甘油三酯代谢水平。　方法　应用餐后脂肪代谢试验测定受试者血浆乳糜浊度 (A)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL- C)和总胆固醇(TC)水平。　结果　本组 10 2名招飞青年的调查数据以 x± s表示 ,血脂平均水平 TG(1.0 2± 0 .40 )mm ol/L、HDL- C(1.17± 0 .0 8) mm ol/L、TC(3.34± 0 .11) m mol/L,招飞青年绝大多数餐后 TG清除快、清除峰值低。但有 5 %的招飞青年富含甘油三酯脂蛋白清除异常。　结论　在飞行员选拔中应开展血脂测定 ,建立标准的方法 ,并制定筛选策略     

一氧化氮和氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白水平在乙醇中毒时的变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨乙醇中毒患者血清一氧化氮 (NO)和血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白 (ox LDL)的水平及其临床意义。方法　采用Griess法和ELISA法分别测定了 32例乙醇中毒患者血清中NO和血浆中ox LDL的水平,并与 40名健康对照组进行对比分析。结果　乙醇中毒组血清NO和血浆ox LDL水平分别为 (0. 49±0. 18 )μmol/L和 (0. 40±0. 12 )mg/L,其中NO水平比健康对照组 ( 0. 65±0. 20 )μmol/L明显降低 (P<0. 01 ),而ox LDL水平比正常对照组 (0. 34±0. 11 )mg/L明显升高 (P<0. 01 )。结论　NO和ox LDL可作为乙醇中毒并发动脉粥样硬化的监测指标。对乙醇中毒患者采用抗氧化剂治疗,有可能是防止乙醇中毒并发心脑血管事件及进一步损伤肝细胞和胃黏膜的一条有效途径。     

海洋星虫提取物的抗疲劳作用研究

目的　研究海洋星虫提取物的抗疲劳作用。方法　采用盐抽提、分级沉淀、超滤、冷冻干燥等方法从海洋星虫中制备得到海洋星虫提取物。采用小鼠游泳试验测定了海洋星虫提取物对小鼠负重游泳时间 ,运动后小鼠血乳酸消除及血清尿素氮含量的影响。结果　经口给予小鼠不同剂量 0 .0 4 ,0 .0 9,0 .2 6 g/ (kg.d)的海洋星虫提取物 30 d后 ,对照组负重游泳时间为 (4 4 3± 132 ) s,低、中、高剂量组负重游泳时间分别为 (5 31± 178) ,(5 98± 16 1) ,(6 93± 135 ) s,小鼠负重游泳时间随着给药剂量的增加逐渐延长 ;运动后 30 min,对照组血乳酸水平为 (8.0 8± 0 .4 7) m mol/ L ,低、中、高剂量组血乳酸水平分别为(7.71± 0 .4 7) ,(6 .35± 0 .5 8) ,(5 .38± 0 .70 ) m mol/ L ,提示海洋星虫提取物能够显著加快血乳酸消除 ;运动后 30 min,对照组血清尿素氮含量为 (8.4 7± 0 .82 ) mm ol/ L ,低、中、高剂量组血清尿素氮含量分别为 (7.5 2± 1.2 5 ) ,(7.11± 0 .6 4 ) ,(6 .5 5± 0 .6 2 ) mm ol/ L ,提示海洋星虫提取物能够显著降低血清尿素氮水平。结论　海洋星虫提取物具有明显的抗疲劳作用。     

模拟运动病大鼠海马组织中一氧化氮、超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛含量的变化

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和丙二醛 (MDA)在晕船时大鼠海马组织中的含量变化。方法　雄性 SD大鼠 2 3只 ,体重 (2 0 0± 10 ) g,按完全随机方法分为运动病组 (MSG,n= 12 )和正常对照组 (NCG,n=11)。MSG大鼠给予正负交变加速度旋转刺激 2 h/ d,连续 4 d后与 NCG大鼠一起处死 ;NCG大鼠不给予旋转刺激。对两组大鼠海马组织中的 NO、SOD和 MDA含量进行检测。结果　旋转刺激能显著升高海马组织中的 NO与 MDA含量 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并显著降低 SOD酶活力 (P<0 .0 1)。 MSG与 NCG:NO分别为 (76 .5± 2 1.6 )、(41.2± 9.1)μm ol/ g;SOD分别为 (48.3± 8.1)、(110 .9± 2 2 .1) NU/ mg;MDA分别为 (2 3.8± 5 .0 )、(11.4± 3.4 ) nm ol/ mg。结论　晕船大鼠 NO与 MDA含量升高 ,SOD酶活力降低 ,可能与晕船时脑血管紧张度增高 ,脑血流减少 ,致海马组织局部缺血缺氧 ,氧自由基增多有关。     

窒息新生儿出生体重与血清同型半胱氨酸关系

目的探讨窒息新生儿出生体重对其血清中高同型半胱氨酸血症及低叶酸水平的关系。方法同期出生的新生儿分为正常组和窒息组,并分别分为正常体重及低体重组。应用酶联免疫吸附实验方法检测血清中Hcy水平。应用放射免疫法测定血中叶酸浓度。结果窒息组正常体重儿血清同型半胱氨酸为(10.50±2.19)μmol/L,低体重儿为(15.82±2.51)μmol/L,对照组正常体重儿血清同型半胱氨酸为(7.73±0.61)μmol/L,低体重儿为(7.45±0.43)μmol/L。在窒息组内低体重儿血清同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于正常体重儿(P<0.001),且窒息低体重组儿血清同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于正常对照组儿,不论其出生体重如何(P<0.001)。血清叶酸水平检测结果显示窒息组正常体重儿血清叶酸水平为(2.74±0.16)μg/L,低体重儿为(2.29±0.25)μg/L,对照组正常体重儿血清叶酸为(3.33±0.23)μg/L,低体重儿为(3.02±0.29)μg/L。窒息组患儿无论正常体重儿还是低体重儿其血清叶酸水平变化均不显著(P>0.05)。结论缺氧窒息合并低出生体重者血清同型半胱氨酸水平显著升高。     

脂肪肝患者血清总胆汁酸测定及其临床意义

目的　观察脂肪肝患者空腹、餐后 2h血清总胆汁酸的变化及其临床意义。方法　晨空腹、餐后 2h抽静脉血测定总胆汁酸。结果　脂肪肝组总胆汁酸空腹时 (2 2 .4± 14 .9) μmol/L、餐后 2h(36 .8± 2 2 .5 ) μmol/L明显高于正常对照组(P <0 .0 1)。餐后脂肪肝组总胆汁酸为 18～ 70 μmol/L ,其中 37例超出高 ,异常率为 80 4 % ,而正常对照组的异常率仅为 15 %。结论　检测空腹总胆汁酸及餐后 2h总胆汁酸 ,尤其是后者 ,可作为判断脂肪肝病人肝功能的指标之一     

紫外线照射充氧自血回输对兔急性梭曼中毒血清一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶水平的影响

目的:探讨紫外线照射充氧自血回输(UB IO)治疗梭曼急性中毒的机理。方法:建立兔急性梭曼中毒模型。100只家兔随机分为正常对照组、中毒组、常规治疗组、UB IO治疗组及UB IO加常规治疗(复合治疗)组。观察14 d,检测兔血清一氧化氮(NO)及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平的变化。结果:正常对照组中兔血清NO及NOS水平分别为(8.38±3.40)μmol/L及(19.25±2.11)U/m l,中毒组中兔血清NO及NOS水平分别为(6.81±1.57)μmol/L及(17.46±1.12)U/m l,两组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。经UB IO和复合治疗后,NO浓度分别为(7.88±2.05)及(8.03±2.46)μmol/L,NOS水平分别为(19.23±2.67)及(18.73±2.51)U/m l,与中毒组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:梭曼急性中毒后可使血清NO及NOS水平发生改变,此改变可能参与梭曼中毒的损伤,UB IO治疗对NO、NOS有极为有益的调节作用,能有效地治疗梭曼急性中毒。     

窒息新生兔中枢及外周血脑啡肽含量的变化

目的　探讨脑啡肽与新生兔窒息的关系。方法　采用放射免疫测定法测定 2 4只正常新生兔 (对照组 )及 2 6只窒息新生兔 (窒息A组 )中枢及外周血中脑啡肽的含量。将 2 0只孕 3 0d母兔窒息后立即剖宫取出仔兔 ,随机分为 4组 :新生兔窒息未治疗组 (窒息B组 ) ,新生兔窒息ICI17486 4 治疗组 (ICI组 ) ,新生兔窒息脑啡肽抗血清治疗组 (抗血清组 ) ,新生兔窒息兔血清治疗组 (血清组 )。后2组仔兔在分娩后分别脑内注入脑啡肽抗血清 (滴度 1∶60 0 0 )或等量不含抗体的兔血清 ,ICI组按体重静脉注入ICI17486 4 80ng kg。仔兔均于剖宫产后 1、5、10、15及 3 0min进行Apgar评分。结果　①窒息A组新生兔下丘脑、垂体及外周血脑啡肽的含量分别为 (63 5.2± 57.6)、(452 .7± 3 7.5)及 (2 97.6± 2 8.4)ng L ,对照组分别为 (185.7± 2 9.6)、(150 .9± 2 1.4)及 (12 1.5± 19.9)ng L。与对照组相比 ,窒息A组中枢及外周脑啡肽含量均明显升高 (P <0 .0 1及 <0 .0 5)。②抗血清组及ICI组兔Apgar评分明显高于窒息B组及血清组 (P <0 .0 1及 <0 .0 5) ,后两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　脑啡肽与新生兔窒息的发生发展密切相关 ,其不利作用为通过δ受体介导     

腹腔海水浸泡对大鼠肠粘膜屏障功能的影响

目的　研究腹部开放伤后海水浸泡对机体肠粘膜屏障功能的影响。方法　 78只大鼠随机分为正常对照组 (NC组 ,n=6 )、手术对照组 (A组 ,n=18)、腹部海水浸泡组 (B组 ,n=18)、腹腔生理盐水浸泡组 (C组 ,n=18)及腹腔海水浸泡组 (D组 ,n=18)。观察各组动物处理前、处理后即刻、6 h、12 h血浆内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)、肠通透性 (血浆 D-乳酸 )及肠上皮细胞间紧密连接的变化。结果　 A、B及 C组切开腹部致伤前及致伤后即刻、6 h、12 h血浆内毒素、TNF及 D-乳酸的含量变化均无显著性 (与NC组比较 P值均 >0 .0 5 )。而 D组海水浸泡后血浆内毒素、TNF及 D-乳酸含量均出现显著升高 (与NC、A、B、C组比较 P值均 <0 .0 5 ) ,浸泡结束后即刻血浆内毒素、TNF及 D-乳酸的含量分别为 (2 4 3.5± 85 .8) EU/L、(7.18± 1.2 0 ) ng/L、(49.2± 7.9) μmol/L,浸泡后 12 h测得值分别增至 (6 13.1±116 .4 ) EU/L、(10 .2 3± 0 .98) ng/L、(14 0 .7± 19.5 ) μmol/L。病理学检查出现小肠充血、淋巴细胞浸润及肠上皮细胞间紧密连接破坏等改变。结论　腹腔海水浸泡引起机体肠粘膜屏障功能损害。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.