The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): Translation and validation study of the Iranian version

This was a large population-based study to develop and validate the Iranian version of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for use in health related quality of life assessment in Iran. A culturally comparable questionnaire was developed and pilot tested. Then, the Iranian version of the SF-36 was administered to a random sample of 4163 healthy individuals aged 15 years and over in Tehran. The mean age of the respondents was 35.1 (SD=16.0) years, 52% were female, mostly married (58%) and the mean years of their formal education was 10.0 (SD=4.5). Reliability was estimated using the internal consistency and validity was assessed using known groups comparison and convergent validity. In addition factor analysis was performed. The internal consistency (to test reliability) showed that all eight SF-36 scales met the minimum reliability standard, the Cronbachs coefficients ranging from 0.77 to 0.90 with the exception of the vitality scale (=0.65). Known groups comparison showed that in all scales the SF-36 discriminated between men and women, and old and the young respondents as anticipated (all p values less than 0.05). Convergent validity (to test scaling assumptions) using each item correlation with its hypothesized scale showed satisfactory results (all correlation above 0.40 ranging from 0.58 to 0.95). Factor analysis identified two principal components that jointly accounted for 65.9% of the variance. In general, the Iranian version of the SF-36 performed well and the findings suggest that it is a reliable and valid measure of health related quality of life among the general population.     

Reliability and validity of the SF-36 in HIV-infected homeless and marginally housed individuals

Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health survey as a health status indicator among HIV-infected homeless and marginally housed (HMH) individuals. Methods: Between July 1996 and May 2000, a sample of HMH individuals completed interviews that included the SF-36. Responses to the SF-36 were analyzed for missing data, range, internal consistency, and construct validity. Results: Among 330 individuals interviewed, 83% were male, 43% were African-American, and the median age was 39 years. All internal consistency reliability coefficients exceeded 0.70, all item–scale correlations exceeded 0.40, all items were more strongly correlated with their hypothesized scale than any other scale, and all reliability coefficients exceeded inter-scale correlations for the same scale. Three of four physical health scales were significantly associated with CD4 cell count and HIV viral load. All scales were significantly associated with depression. Discussion: We found that scales were internally consistent, items correlated to an acceptable degree with their hypothesized scales, items were distinct from other scales, physical scales were associated with CD4 cell count and viral load, and all scales were associated with depression. These analyses provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the SF-36 as a measure of health status in HIV-positive HMH individuals.     

Validity of a job stressors measurement scale in nursing staff: the nursing stress scale]

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to determine the reliability and construct validity of a scale intended to measure job stressors to which hospital nursing staff may be exposed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The nursing stress scale contains 34 stressors. The scale's trans-cultural adaptation was carried out by means of the translation-back translation method. Validation was conducted on a random sample of 201 health professionals in a public hospital in Valencia. The reliability of the scale was assessed after its readministration on a sub-sample of 30 nursing professionals, with a 15 day interval. The construct validity was obtained through the correlation of the scale with another two scales: The 28 item version of Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire and 7 dimensions of the Health questionnaire SF-36. RESULTS: The scale in Spanish language contains 34 items after eliminating the first item from the original scale (N1: computer failure) and including a new item (E1: Frequent job interruptions). The distribution of scores obtained in the initial administration of the scale and fifteen days later do not differ statistically. The Cronbach's alfa coefficient is 0.92 for the total scale and in each of the sub-scales ranges between 0. 83 and 0.49. The correlation between the scale and the GHQ-28 items questionnaire is 0.34. For each one of the seven dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire the correlations range between -0.21 and -0.31. CONCLUSION: The nursing stress scale is a useful instrument for measuring possible stressors in this collective. It has high internal consistency and construct validity, as does the original American version, however reliability is moderate.     

Reliability and validity of the Norwegian translation of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire following myocardial infarction

The aim of this study was to validate the Norwegian version of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), a self-administered 19-item questionnaire designed to assess health-related quality of life in patients with chest pain or coronary artery disease. In 885 patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI), we abstracted clinical data from the patients medical records. Two to three years after the MI, we mailed a self-administered questionnaire including the SAQ, the Short Form 36 (SF-36), and questions about current medication, to the 548 patients still alive. The response rate was 74%. Internal consistency reliability of the SAQ, assessed with Cronbachs , ranged 0.75–0.92. Test–retest reliability, tested with an intraclass correlation coefficient, ranged 0.29–0.84. The pattern of association between similar and dissimilar scales of the SAQ and SF-36 mainly supported the construct validity of the SAQ. Four of the five SAQ scales discriminated between patients with different medication regimens as a proxy for severity of angina pectoris. We conclude that the Norwegian version of the SAQ showed acceptable reliability and cross-sectional validity following MI, with properties in line with the original US version.     

Validation of the Job Content Questionnaire in hospital nursing staff

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and construct validity of the three dimensions of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): demand, control and job support among hospital nursing staff. METHODS: The minimun reduced version of the JCQ was used, which include three dimensions: psychological demands (9 items), job control (9 items) and job support (11 items). Validity was assessed in a random sample of 330 nursing staff from two general hospitals in the province of Alicante (Spain). The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated after re-interviewing a subsample of 50 nurses 15 days after the first interview. Construct validity was evaluated by calculating correlations between the three dimensions of the JCQ obtained after factorial analysis with the burnout scale and six dimensions of the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire. RESULTS: Factorial analysis revealed that the version of the JCQ validated in this study had the same factorial structure as the original questionnaire. The intraclass correlation between the first and second interview was high for each of the three dimensions (between 0.83 and 0.87). Cronbach's alpha was also high (between 0.74 and 0.88). A moderate but significant correlation was found between the three JCQ dimensions and the burnout scale: (-0,27 for job support, 0.31 for psychological demands and -0.12 for job control). A moderate correlation was also found for some SF-36 dimensions. CONCLUSION: The factorial structure of the JCQ was similar to that proposed by the author in the context of Spanish culture. The reliability and internal consistency of each of the three dimensions was high while construct validity was moderate.     

Translation and psychometric testing of the Basque version of the SF-36 Health Survey

Introduction: The primary goals of this study were to adapt the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire to the Basque language and to assess the translated questionnaires psychometric properties. Methods: Two pilot studies and a field study were conducted in 1999. The pathologies selected were hypertension, eating disorders, back pain, and HIV infection; blood donors were also included. The analyses conducted at item-level were: item internal consistency, item discriminant validity, equal item variance, and equal item-scale correlation. Internal consistency was measured at the scale level. Reproducibility, convergent validity and discriminant validity were also examined. Results: 285 individuals took part in the study; sufficient data were obtained for 265 (93%). All items correlated higher than 0.4 with their hypothesized scales. Within each scale, item standard deviations were similar. Item-scale correlations were also similar. Cronbachs alpha coefficients varied from 0.76 to 0.92. In the test-retest reliability study, which included 54 additional individuals, all scales were above 0.50. Regarding the inter-scale correlation, the majority exceeded the 0.40 coefficient. In the correlation of similar scales of the SF-36 and the Nottingham Health Profile, intraclass correlation coefficient results ranged from 0.29 to 0.62. Conclusions: These results confirm that this new version of the SF-36 has been translated and adapted correctly for the Basque language and that it fulfils, at least partially, the psychometric properties required for this instrument. Further studies, however, are needed to completely validate the Basque version of the SF-36.     

Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life

Purpose

To examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life version 18 (ADDQoL-18).

Methods

We assessed the reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlations) and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficients) of the instrument in a sample of 292 adults in Norway aged 42.3 (SD 14.2) years.

Results

Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.88) and 4-week test–retest stability (intraclass correlations = 0.87) were satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the one-factor structure of the ADDQoL-18 fits moderately (χ ²/df ratio = 3.846, comparative fit index = 0.792, root mean square error of approximation = 0.099). Standardized coefficients showed that all domains loaded >0.4, except for one item. We found a satisfactory correlation between the ADDQoL-18 and the SF-36 Health Survey summary scales (physical health and mental health summary scales) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The total score was negatively associated with HbA_1c (r = ?0.18; P < 0.002), indicating that lower scores on the ADDQoL-18 were related to poorer glycemic control. Analysis regarding discriminant validity showed that the average weighted impact scores were mostly reduced among those reporting neuropathy and foot problems.

Conclusions

The Norwegian version of the ADDQoL-18 showed high internal consistency, good test–retest reliability, and similar construct validity as the original instrument. Overall, the results supported the ADDQoL-18 being feasible for use in Norway.     

中文版SF-36量表在浙江省老年人群健康生命质量评价中的信度和效度

目的 评价中文版SF-36量表在老年人群健康生命质量评价中的信度和效度.方法 2007年10-12月统一受训的调查员使用含中文版SF-36量表的问卷对浙江省城乡4241名60周岁以上的老年人面对面询问式调查,采用相关分析、信度分析、因子分析、t检验和方差分析等统计学方法 评价量表的信度和效度.结果 中文版SF-36量表具有较好的分半信度(r=0.91,P<0.001),内部一致性信度α系数除生命活力(α=0.65)、社交功能(α=0.65)、心理健康(α=0.40)维度外,其余维度的α系数均>0.8.每个条目跟相关维度的相关系数均>0.4(条目9-2除外),且高于该条目与其他维度的相关系数(条目9-8除外),说明中文版SF-36量表有良好的集合效度和区分效度.35个条目在提取的6个公因子中的分布与量表的理论结构假设基本一致,累计贡献达67.04%.除心理健康维度外,各维度具有良好的判别效度.结论 中文版SF-36量表有较好的信度和效度,适用于老年人群健康生命质量评价,但量表心理健康维度的信度与效度较低,且其中的9-2、9-8以及躯体功能维度中的3-1条目不适合于中国老年人群.     

SF-36量表应用于居民自我健康测评的信度和效度研究

目的:评价SF-36量表用于测量上海市居民健康及生存质量的信度和效度。方法:采用SF-36生存质量量表,由经过统一培训的调查员对上海市15岁以上居民2016人进行面对面访谈,对测量结果进行信度和效度分析。信度包括内部信度和分半信度,效度包括准则效度和结构效度。采用相关分析、非参数检验、多重比较和因子分析方法对SF-36量表的信度和效度进行评价。结果:整个量表的Cronbach’α系数以及去掉一项内容后得到的Cronbach’α系数均高于0.8,总量表的分半信度和各个分量表的分半信度均高于0.6。反映量表的信度较好。在准则效度的评价中,实际结果和理论推断和以往研究结果相一致,表明量表的准则效度较好。因子分析所产生的3个公共因子可解释总变异的75.30%,并在相应项目上有较强的因子负荷,表明量表的结构效度较好。结论:SF-36量表具有较好的信度和效度,适用于上海市居民的生存质量评价。     

Cross-cultural evaluation of the French version of the LEIPAD, a health-related quality of life instrument for use in the elderly living at home

Purpose

To cross-culturally adapt a French version of the LEIPAD, a self-administered questionnaire assessing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults aged 65 years and over living at home, and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

After having translated LEIPAD in accordance with guidelines, we studied psychometric properties: reliability and construct validity—factor analysis, relationships between items and scales, internal consistency, concurrent validity with the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 and known-groups validity.

Results

The results obtained in a sample of 195 elderly from the general population showed very good acceptability, with response rates superior to 93 %. Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight factors providing a multidimensionality structure with five misclassifications of items in the seven theoretical scales. Good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.73 and 0.86) and strong test–retest reliability (ICCs higher than 0.80 for six scales and 0.70 for one) were demonstrated. Concurrent validity with the SF-36 showed small to strong expected correlations.

Conclusion

This first evaluation of the French version of LEIPAD’s psychometric properties provides evidence in construct validity and reliability. It would allow HRQoL assessment in clinical and common practice, and investigators would be able to take part in national and international research projects.     

SF-36用于肺结核的信度、效度及敏感性评价

目的　评价中文版SF - 36量表用于肺结核 (PTB)病人的生命质量测量的信度、效度、敏感性。方法　用自行研制的中文版SF - 36量表对肺结核病人及对照进行测量。采用Cronchbach’sα评价量表的信度 ,因子分析评价量表的效度 ,用配对t检验比较患者组和对照组的评分来评价量表的敏感性。结果　对于病人组和对照组 ,SF - 36量表效度 (因子分析聚合为 2个公因子 )、信度 (Cronchbach’sα >0 7)较好。肺结核病人各项得分均低于对照组 ,说明量表的敏感性较高。结论　中文版SF - 36量表是测量肺结核病人的生命质量的有效量表 ,但量表中个别词句的翻译仍须改动 ,并且有必要进行更大样本的调查 ,建立中国人的生命质量正常值标准 ,以利于生命质量的评价     

国人生活质量普适量表的编制与评价

目的编制适合中国一般人群的生活质量普适量表并评价该量表的信度和效度。方法参照世界卫生组织生活质量量表（WHO-100）和美国医学结局健康状况调查问卷（SF-36），并结合中国人群社会文化特点编制生活质量普适量表（QOL-35），包括35个条目，分别属于总体健康和生活质量、生理功能、独立生活能力、心理功能、社会功能、生活条件6个领域和1个反应生活质量变化的条目。对127名社区成人的生活质量进行间隔24—72h的重复调查，评价量表的重测信度。对135名门诊或社区人群同时应用WHO-100、SF-36和QOL-35，比较QOL-35与国外标准量表的内部一致性信度和结构效度。在1356名社区人群中评价QOL-35的稳定性和适用性。结果（1）重测信度：QOL-35量表各条目2次测量之间权重一致性（Kappa值）范围为0．86～1．00，各领域和整个量表在2次测量之间的组内相关系数范围为0．68～0．94。（2）内部一致性信度：QOL-35、WHO-100和SF-36量表的克隆巴赫a分别为0．93、0．97和0．89。（3）结构效度：三个量表经因子分析选出的前7个因子方差累计贡献率分别为66．5％、50．3％和65．3％。（4）标准效度：QOL-35总分与WHO-100总分和SF-36的总分Spearman相关系数分别为0．805和0．745。（5）判别效度：各种慢性病总患病率在QOL-35总分第一到第四分位人群中分别为53．1％、33．1％、26．4％和25．1％（P〈0．05）。（6）QOL-35在1356名一般人群的初步应用显示出近似的克隆巴赫α。结论QOL-35具有较好的重测信度，与WHO-100和SF-36相比以较少的条目获得较好的结构效度、内部一致性和判别效度，在较大人群的初步应用显示出较为稳定的测量特性，QOL-35是评价中国一般人群生活质量较理想的工具。     

SF-36量表在浙江省麻风治愈者中的应用

目的探讨健康调查量表SF-36在浙江省麻风治愈者中应用的信度、效度和可行性。方法以问卷访谈的形式调查892名麻风治愈者，用分半信度、内部一致性、构想效度和结构效度等指标对SF-36量表进行评判。结果该量表具有良好的内部一致性，8个维度的Chronbach’a系数均≥0．8。除心理健康（MH）外，各维度的分半信度较好，Pearson相关系数均≤0．7。构想效度比较满意。因子分析产生两个因子，能解释总方差的62．05％，且除精神影响（RE）外其他各维度在相应因子有较满意的因子载荷量（≥0．4）。结论SF-36量表基本适用于麻风治愈者生活质量评价，但部分条目需进行调整。     

Reliability and construct validity of the SF-36 in Turkish cancer patients

In this study, we assessed the reliability and construct validity of the SF-36, Turkish version on 419 cancer patients. Cronbach’s α coefficients surpassed the 0.70 criterions for all subscales indicating good internal consistency. Results of the test–retest method showed that the stability coefficients for the eight subscales of the SF-36 ranged between 0.81 and 0.94. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation confirmed the presence of seven factors in the SF-36: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical and emotional problems, mental health, general health perception, bodily pain, social functioning, and vitality. In conclusion, the Turkish version of the SF-36 is a suitable instrument that could be employed in cancer research in Turkey.     

Adaptación y validación de la escala CCAENA© para evaluar la continuidad asistencial entre niveles de atención en Colombia y Brasil

ObjectiveTo adapt and to validate the scale of the questionnaire Continuity of Care between Care Levels (CCAENA^©) in the context of the Colombian and Brazilian health systems.MethodsThe study consisted of two phases: 1) adaptation of the CCAENA^© scale to the context of each country, which was tested by two pretests and a pilot test, and 2) validation by means of application of the scale in a population survey in Colombia and Brazil. The following psychometric properties were analyzed: construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and item-rest correlations), the multidimensionality of the scales (Spearman correlation coefficients), and known group validity (chi-square test).ResultsOf the 21 items of the original scale, 14 were selected and reformulated based on a statement with response options of agreement to a question with frequency response options. Factor analysis showed that items could be grouped into three factors: continuity across healthcare levels, the patient-primary care provider relationship, and the patient-secondary care provider relationship. Cronbach's alpha indicated good internal consistency (>0.80 in all the scales). The correlation coefficients suggest that the three factors could be interpreted as separated scales (<0.70) and had adequate ability to differentiate between groups.ConclusionThe adapted version of the CCAENA^© shows adequate validity and reliability in both countries, maintaining a high equivalence with the original version. It is a useful and feasible tool to assess the continuity of care between healthcare levels from the users’ perspective in both contexts.     

SF-12量表在西部农村青少年中信度及效度评价

目的 评价12条目简短生命质量量表（SF-12）在西部农村青少年生命质量测量中的信度和效度。方法 于2015年11月采用整群随机抽样方法对在四川省资中县抽取的2所农村中学2 871名初一和高一年级学生进行问卷调查;采用内部一致性信度评估量表的信度,采用集合效度、区分效度和结构效度评估量表的效度,并检验SF-12量表在不同人群中的区分度。结果 SF-12量表总的Cronbach's α系数为0.80,生理健康总测量因子（PCS）和心理健康总测量因子（MCS）的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.66和0.74,各维度删除该维度系数后Cronbach's α系数均>0.75,量表的内部一致性较好;集合效度和区分效度试验成功率均为100%,量表中各条目与相应维度的相关性系数r均>0.80;探索性因子分析结果显示,特征根>1的2个公因子累计方差贡献率为51.56%;验证性因子分析模型适配度良好（χ²/df=4.189、GFI=0.996、CFI=0.992、RMR=0.017、RMSEA=0.033、NFI=0.989、IFI=0.992）;不同特征学生PCS和MCS得分比较,不同性别、留守情况、抑郁症状及2周内患病或感到身体不适学生PCS和MCS得分和不同年级MCS得分差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,量表具有较好的区分度。结论 SF-12量表在西部农村青少年生命质量的测量中具有较高的信度、效度和区分度。     

Reliability and validity of the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) in US patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Five hundred and sixteen adults with predominant heartburn symptoms of GERD were recruited from gastroenterologist and family physician practices and treated with 6 weeks of 150mg ranitidine twice daily to identify poorly responsive symptomatic GERD. The GSRS, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey and the Psychological General Well-being (PGWB) scale were administered at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Reported ratings of GERD-related symptoms from physician and patient diaries were measured. The GSRS contains five scales: reflux syndrome, abdominal pain, constipation syndrome, diarrhoea syndrome and indigestion syndrome. The internal consistency reliabilities for the GSRS scales ranged from 0.61 to 0.83 and the intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.42 to 0.60. The GSRS scale scores were correlated with the SF-36 and PGWB scales and with the number and severity of heartburn symptoms. Patients with two or three clinician-rated GERD-related symptoms reported worse GSRS scale scores compared with patients with fewer symptoms (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant differences in the mean GSRS scale scores were observed between treatment responders and non-responders (p < 0.0001) and patients showing a response to treatment had larger mean changes in their GSRS scales than patients not showing a response to treatment (p < 0.0001). The standardized response means ranged from 0.42 to 1.43 for the GSRS scale scores. It was concluded that the GSRS is a brief, fairly comprehensive assessment of common gastrointestinal symptoms. The GSRS has good reliability and construct validity and the GSRS scales discriminate by GERD symptom severity and are responsive to treatment. The GSRS is a useful patient-rated symptom scale for evaluating the outcomes of treatment for GERD.     

Italian translation of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire, with re-assessment of reliability and validity

Purpose  To cross-culturally adapt and validate the Italian version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) in patients affected by hallux valgus. Methods  The MOXFQ was translated into Italian and culturally adapted following the forward and backward translation method. A sample of 172 patients with hallux valgus was asked to fill in the MOXFQ and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Two-week retest was performed on a random sub-sample of 40 patients. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed with the use of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, using a priori hypothesized correlations with SF-36 domains. Results  The internal consistency reliability was acceptable for all MOXFQ domains (Pain, Walking/standing and Social interaction) with Cronbachs’ alpha coefficients ranging from 0.72 to 0.83. The assessment of test–retest reliability reveals satisfactory values with ICCs ranging from 0.85 to 0.92. Construct validity was supported by the presence of all the hypothesized correlation, with the exception of Italian Walking/standing domain with the SF-36 Role-Physical domain (ρ = −0.29). Conclusions  The Italian version of MOXFQ is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating foot pain and functional status in patients affected by hallux valgus.     

Development of a Vietnamese version of the Short form-36 Health Survey

We aimed to test the psychometric properties of a culturally relevant translation of the medical outcomes study short form-36 health survey (SF-36) with prospective Vietnamese migrants. The translated survey was interviewer-administered to 1610 Vietnamese aged over 15 years who had applied to migrate to Australia. All but two SF-36 items had good discriminant validity, and all eight scales of the Vietnamese version of the SFS-36 had good discriminant validity, which supports the use of SF-36 constructs to assess self-reported health status among Vietnamese migrants. However, the mental health, vitality and bodily pain scales demonstrated low internal consistency. This finding is likely to be a product of the increased diversity among scale items following modifications to improve cultural relevance. Further modifications to improve the internal consistency of these scales are required.     

SF-36健康调查量表中文版的研制及其性能测试

目的 研制SF-36健康调查量表中文版并验证量表维度建立及记分假设、信度和效度。方法 采用多阶段混合型等概率抽样法,用SF-36健康调查量表中文版对1000户家庭的居民进行自评量表式调查;参照国际生命质量评价项目的标准程序,进行正式的心理测验学试验。结果 在收回的1985份问卷中,18岁以上的有效问卷1972份,其中应答者1688人(85．6％),1316人回答了所有条目,372人有1个或以上的缺失答案,无应答者中文盲、半文盲占65．5％。等距假设在活力(VT)和精神健康(MH)维度被打破了,按重编码后值计算维度分数;条目集群的分布接近源量表及其他2个中文译本;除了生理功能(PF)、躯体疼痛(BP)、社会功能(SF)维度,其余维度有相似的标准差;除了SF、VT维度,其余6个维度条目维度相关一致;除了SF维度,7个维度集合效度成功率范围为75％～100％,,区分效度成功率范围为87．5％～100％。一致性信度系数除了SF、VT维度,其余6维度变化范围为0．72～0．88,满足群组比较的要求。两周重测信度变化范围为0．66～0．94。因子分析产生了2个主成分,分别代表生理健康和心理健康,解释了56．3％的总方差。结论 为SF-36健康调查量表适用于中国提供了证据,已知群效度试验将为量表效度提供更有意义的证据。