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1.
目的探讨调节性T细胞(Tregs)参与约氏疟原虫感染早期调控Th1型免疫应答的相关机制。方法用约氏疟原虫(致死型)感染对照组和anti-CD25 mAb注射组BALB/c小鼠,计数红细胞感染率;感染后第0、3和5d制备脾细胞悬液,磁珠分选、纯化树突状细胞(DCs)并体外培养;ELISA方法检测脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和DCs培养上清中IL-12的水平,Griess方法检测脾细胞培养上清中NO含量。结果两组小鼠脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和NO水平在感染后第3~5d均明显升高,但对照组小鼠IFN-γ和NO水平明显低于anti-CD25 mAb注射组小鼠。anti-CD25 mAb注射组小鼠DCs培养上清中IL-12的水平于感染后第3d达峰值,并于感染后第5d仍维持较高水平。相比,对照组小鼠DCs培养上清中IL-12的水平仅于感染后第3d出现有意义的升高。结论Tregs在致死型约氏疟原虫感染BALB/c小鼠早期可能通过抑制DCs分泌细胞因子IL-12来抑制Th1型免疫应答的有效建立。  相似文献   

2.
约氏疟原虫感染不同小鼠免疫分子的应答差异   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
目的探讨在约氏疟原虫感染过程中不同宿主的免疫应答差异。方法以约氏疟原虫(致死型)感染DBA/2和BALB/c小鼠,计算红细胞感染率;收集感染前和感染后1、3、6、9、12、15、20d小鼠血清,并无菌取出脾脏,培养脾细胞。应用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠血清中IFN-γ和IL-12水平,并通过Griess方法检测脾细胞培养上清中NO含量。结果DBA/2小鼠的原虫血症峰值水平明显低于BALB/c小鼠,并于感染后第20d左右自愈;BALB/c小鼠于原虫血症达到峰值水平后全部死亡;DBA/2小鼠的IFN-γ和IL-12水平于感染后1d即出现了有意义的升高并持续到第20d;BALB/c小鼠的IFN-γ和IL-12水平仅干感染后1d出现了有意义的升高;DBA/2小鼠NO的产生于感染后3d出现了有意义的升高,第6d达到峰值,而BALB/c小鼠的NO水平始终未见明显升高。结论DBA/2小鼠通过感染早期Th1细胞免疫应答的有效建立能够抑制原虫血症,IL-12是启动并维持Th1细胞免疫应答的关键性细胞因子。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨致死型约氏疟原虫(Plasmodium yoelii17XL,P.y17XL)感染早期,Toll样受体(Toll like receptor,TLR)在树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)活化中的作用地位。方法用P.y17XL感染易感的BALB/c和抵抗的DBA/2小鼠,计数红细胞感染率;制备感染前和感染后第3d、5d小鼠脾细胞悬液,采用流式细胞分析技术检测两种小鼠感染不同时间脾细胞悬液中细胞内表达TLR9(Toll like receptor 9,TLR9)的DCs和细胞表面表达TLR4(Toll like receptor 4,TLR4)的DCs的百分含量。结果两种小鼠脾DCs细胞内TLR9的表达水平均于感染后第3d开始明显升高(P<0.01),在第5d达到最高水平(P<0.01),但两种小鼠相比无统计学意义。同时,两种小鼠DCs表面TLR4的表达水平均未见明显变化。结论在P.y17XL感染早期,TLR9可能是介导DCs活化的模式识别受体。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨香菇多糖(Lentinan,Lent)对致死型约氏疟原虫(Plasmodium yoelii 17XL,Py17XL)感染BALB/c小鼠Th1型细胞免疫应答的调节效应。方法对Py17XL感染的BALB/c小鼠进行不同时间点的Lent预处理,动态观察用药后各组感染小鼠原虫血症水平和生存率;于感染后第0d、1d、3d和5d分别提取小鼠脾细胞,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清中IL-12、IFN-γ的分泌水平,Griess反应检测脾细胞培养上清中一氧化氮(NO)含量。结果与药物未处理组相比,感染前15d 1mg/kg Lent用药组显著降低感染小鼠的原虫血症水平,提高生存率;明显增强Th1型免疫应答中关键细胞因子IL-12、IFN-γ的分泌水平,并提高NO含量。结论Lent预处理能够有效激发Py17XL感染的BALB/c小鼠Th1型细胞免疫应答的建立,提示调控免疫应答对于致死型约氏疟原虫感染早期免疫防御的重要性。  相似文献   

5.
目的本文主要探讨脂多糖(LPS)在致死型约氏疟原虫(Plasmodium yoelii 17×L,Pyl7×L)感染早期的调节作用。方法 6~8w、雌性DBA/2小鼠,随机分为实验组和对照组,经腹腔接种1×106 Pyl7XL寄生的红细胞。实验组于感染后d2静脉给予LPS(25μg/只)。动态观察两组小鼠的原虫血症水平,小鼠脾脏树突亚群及其表面TLR4和活化T细胞的表达水平。结果 (1)两组小鼠于感染后约d15均自愈,LPS处理组小鼠的原虫血症水平在感染后d5-8显著低于对照组;(2)与对照组相比,在感染后d3和d5,LPS处理组小鼠脾脏DCs亚群表达水平显著升高,在感染后d3,TLR4表达水平显著升高。在感染后d5,LPS处理组小鼠脾脏细胞培养初始活化T表达水平显著升高。结论在P.y17×L感染早期,LPS可通过激活TLR4强化DC成熟进一步强化Th1免疫应答反应,降低原虫血症,这将为疫苗的开发提供新的靶点。  相似文献   

6.
树突状细胞与血吸虫感染的Th2应答   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
病原微生物入侵机体后,作为主要专职抗原提呈细胞的树突状细胞(dendritic cell, DC)在启动整个适应性免疫应答过程中起着重要作用。而抗血吸虫保护性免疫应答和血吸虫卵导致的宿主免疫病理反应均与Th2应答有着密切的关系。深入理解其免疫机制,有利于抗血吸虫疫苗和减轻血吸虫病组织损害的研究。本文以树突状细胞为中心,对血吸虫(包括虫卵)诱导Th2应答的机制作一阐述。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨在夏氏疟原虫(Plasmodiumchabaudi chabaudi AS,P.c.chabaudi AS)感染早期,树突状细胞(Den-dritic cells,DCs)调控Th1细胞免疫应答的相关机制。方法用P.c.chabaudi AS感染易感型DBA/2和抵抗型BALB/c小鼠,计数红细胞感染率;感染前和感染后3、5、8d制备脾细胞悬液,磁珠分选、纯化DCs并体外培养;ELISA方法检测DCs培养上清中IL-12p40、IL-10和TGF-β1的水平。结果 DBA/2小鼠DCs培养上清中IL-12p40的水平在感染后3-8天明显升高,BALB/c小鼠DCs培养上清中IL-12p40的水平在感染后5-8d出现有意义的升高,但其水平均明显低于DBA/2小鼠;两种小鼠DCs培养上清中IL-10与TGF-β1的分泌水平在感染后5-8d明显升高,但DBA/2小鼠DCs培养上清中IL-10与TGF-β1的分泌水平明显低于BALB/c小鼠。结论 P.c.chabaudi AS感染早期,DBA/2和BALB/c小鼠在DCs细胞因子的分泌模式上存在显著差异。  相似文献   

8.
目的 观察约氏疟原虫(P.yoelii) 17XL感染DBA/2小鼠的免疫应答机制及免疫效应的动态变化。方法 1×106 P.yoelii 17XL感染的红细胞经腹腔接种DBA/2小鼠, ELISA测定血清白细胞介素-12 (IL-12)、干扰素-γ( IFN-γ)、IL-4和IL-10的水平以及特异性抗体IgG水平。Griess反应检测脾细胞培养上清中一氧化氮(NO)含量。检测小鼠原虫血症、单核细胞百分率,观测其吞噬疟原虫现象。结果 感染小鼠第9天原虫血症高达46.9%,多数小鼠于感染后第20天左右自愈。感染后第6至16天,外周血查见有吞噬作用的单核细胞。感染后第1天起, IL-12水平开始升高; IFN-γ于第6天达最高水平, IL-4和IL-10分别于第9天和第15天达最高水平。脾细胞培养上清NO含量,分别于第6天和第20天显著升高。血清中特异性抗体IgG水平呈增高趋势,至第70天达最高水平。结论 Th1细胞的有效活化对遏制原虫血症和最终清除疟原虫具有重要意义。约氏疟原虫感染早期,单核-巨噬细胞对原虫血症的遏制起到关键作用。  相似文献   

9.
T细胞亚群在感染约氏疟原虫小鼠中的保护性免疫作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对约氏疟原虫有保护性免疫的BALB/c小鼠,体内注射单抗去除CD~(4 )或CD~(8 )T细胞后,对保护性免疫无明显影响。但将它们脾细胞中CD~(8 )T细胞注入裸鼠,可以转移部分免疫力,而注入CD~(4 )T细胞则不能。在约氏疟原虫感染小鼠模型中,由于在感染早期原虫侵入网织红细胞,CD~(8 )T细胞可被激活而有杀伤作用。在晚期,抗体在免疫中起主要作用。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨夏氏疟原虫(Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS)感染早期,树突状细胞(Dendritic cells, DCs)亚群和表型的变化特点。方法感染易感的DBA/2和抵抗的BALB/c小鼠,制备感染前和感染后第3、5、8d小鼠脾细胞悬液,采用流式细胞分析技术检测2种小鼠脾细胞悬液中髓样DCs和浆样DCs的数量以及表面表达MHC II类分子和CD80分子的DCs的百分含量。结果DBA/2小鼠和BALB/c小鼠分别呈现以髓样DCs和浆样DCs为主的增殖模式。2种小鼠表达MHCⅡ类分子和CD80分子的DCs数量在感染后3~5d明显升高,并于感染后第8d达到最高水平,然而感染后第8d,BALB/c小鼠表达MHCⅡ类分子和CD80分子的DCs的数量明显低于DBA/2小鼠。结论感染早期,DBA/2和BALB/c小鼠在DCs亚群的增殖模式、成熟表型特征性分子的表达水平上存在显著差异。  相似文献   

11.
The diverse outcomes of experimental murine infection with Plasmodium parasites, ranging from spontaneous cure to death, depend largely on the establishment of an effective Th1 immune response during the early stages of infection. However, the molecular and cellular factors responsible for the induction and regulation of this response are poorly understood. As immunity is initiated by dendritic cells (DCs), we compared their phenotype and function during the early stages of infection with Plasmodium yoelii 17XL (P.y 17XL) strain in susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (DBA/2) mice. Resistant DBA/2 mice developed a greater number of myeloid (CD11c+CD11b+) and mature DCs, which were fully functional and capable of secreting IL‐12p40. In contrast, susceptible BALB/c mice produced more plasmacytoid (CD11c+CD45R/B220+) and less mature DCs, resulting in high levels of IL‐10 and TGF‐β1. In addition, an in vitro experiment confirmed that splenic DCs from the two strains of mice differ in their ability to prime CD4+T cells in response to P.y 17XL stimulation. These findings indicate that the subset, the phenotype and the type of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory signals of splenic DCs are critical factors responsible for the discrepancy in the ability to induce or regulate Th1 immune responses in different hosts.  相似文献   

12.
目的 研究伯氏疟原虫氯喹抗性株(RC株)和氯喹敏感株(N株)感染鼠脾脏B细胞活化与树突状细胞(DC)的关系。 方法 分别用感染N株或RC株疟原虫的红细胞(iRBC)腹腔接种感染ICR小鼠(1×106个iRBC/只)。当小鼠原虫血症N株达50%~80%、 RC株达61.7%~68.4%时, 断颈处死取脾脏。 常规方法制作石蜡切片, HE染色或免疫组织化学染色, 进行组织学观察。 制作超薄切片, 透射电镜观察脾脏细胞的变化。制作冰冻切片进行免疫荧光观察。流式细胞仪分析比较B细胞和DC变化。 结果 RC株感染小鼠脾脏白髓增生明显, 抗B细胞的特异性表面分子CD45R/B220和CD19抗体同时表达阳性的B细胞在脾细胞中的百分比增加, 中、 小淋巴细胞数量增多, 在红髓内浆母细胞与成熟的浆细胞数量增多。而N株感染小鼠脾小体则以大、 小淋巴细胞为主, 生发中心不明显, 红髓可见大量的含疟原虫的红细胞、 小淋巴细胞, 而浆母细胞和其他发育期浆细胞则少见。 RC株感染小鼠脾脏内白细胞分化抗原11c(CD11c) 阳性的DC数量明显增多, 尤其动脉周围淋巴鞘T细胞区。并且这些DC表面主要组织相容性复合体Ⅱ (MHCⅡ) 类分子表达明显升高, 表明主要是成熟的DC增多。DC外形不规则, 胞质丰富, 电子密度高, 含发达的高尔基复合体和吞噬泡样结构。 结论 RC株感染小鼠脾脏成熟的DC 明显增加, 从而诱导B细胞的活化增殖。  相似文献   

13.
14.
背景:前期研究发现感染后内脏高敏感小鼠肠黏膜固有层树突细胞(DC)诱导活化Th17细胞与肠道感染消退后肠黏膜免疫系统的持续激活有关。推测DC可能系通过分泌白细胞介素-23(IL-23)活化Th17细胞。目的:应用RNA干扰技术抑制DC分泌IL-23,探讨感染后内脏高敏感小鼠肠黏膜固有层DC活化Th17细胞的机制。方法:建立旋毛虫感染后内脏高敏感小鼠模型,以免疫磁珠分选肠黏膜固有层DC和脾脏CD4+T细胞。构建、鉴定小鼠IL-23小发夹RNA(shRNA)干扰质粒,以脂质体法转染DC(A组)以抑制IL-23表达,同时设置转染空脂质体的DC(B组)和转染无关序列shRNA干扰质粒的DC(C组)作为对照。各组DC与CD4+T细胞共培养120 h,以单独培养的CD4+T细胞(D组)作为对照。以ELISA方法检测DC转染前后培养上清液中的IL-23水平,以及DC与CD4+T细胞共培养上清液和CD4+T细胞单独培养上清液中的IL-17水平。结果:A组DC培养上清液中的IL-23水平较转染前显著降低(P〈0.05),B、C两组转染前后IL-23水平无明显变化。A、B、C组DC与CD4+T细胞共培养上清液中的IL-17水平均较D组显著增高(P〈0.05),其中A组显著低于B、C两组(P〈0.05),B、C组间差异无统计学意义。结论:感染后内脏高敏感小鼠肠黏膜固有层DC可能通过分泌IL-23活化Th17细胞,参与维持肠道感染消退后肠黏膜免疫系统的持续激活。  相似文献   

15.
Owing to viral evolution and recombination, emerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains have caused unprecedented outbreaks in swine farms even when the pigs were previously vaccinated, which might indicate that traditional vaccines were unable to provide effective protection. The development of safe and efficacious vaccines presents prospects to minimize the clinical signs and eventually eradicate the infection. In this study, we used an emerging PRV strain, HNX, as the parental strain to construct a recombinant PRV with TK/gE gene deletion and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) expression, named HNX-TK/gE-Flt3L. HNX-TK/gE-Flt3L enhanced the maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Significantly more activated DCs were detected in HNX-TK/gE-Flt3L-immunized mice compared with those immunized with HNX-TK/gE. Subsequently, a remarkable increase of neutralizing antibodies, gB-specific IgG antibodies, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was observed in mice vaccinated with HNX-TK/gE-Flt3L. In addition, a lower mortality and less histopathological damage were observed in HNX-TK/gE-Flt3L vaccinated mice with upon PRV lethal challenge infection. Taken together, our results revealed the potential of Flt3L as an ideal adjuvant that can activate DCs and enhance protective immune responses and support the further evaluation of HNX-TK/gE-Flt3L as a promising PRV vaccine candidate.  相似文献   

16.
About 225 million malaria cases have been reported worldwide in 2009, and one-third of the world's population is infected with parasitic helminths. As helminths and Plasmodium are co-endemic, concurrent infections frequently occur. Helminths have been shown to modulate the host's immune response; therefore, pre-existing helminth infections may interfere with the efficient immune response to Plasmodium. To study the interaction between helminths and Plasmodium, we established a murine model of co-infection using the gastrointestinal nematode Strongyloides ratti and Plasmodium yoelii. We show that a pre-existing Strongyloides infection slightly enhanced peak parasitemia and weight loss in P. yoelii-infected BALB/c mice, while disease progression was not altered in co-infected C57BL/6 mice. The Plasmodium-induced IFN-γ production and final clearance of Plasmodium infection were not affected by S. ratti co-infection in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Interestingly, the T helper cell (Th) 2 response induced by S. ratti was significantly suppressed upon P. yoelii co-infection. This suppressed Th2 response, however, was still sufficient to allow expulsion of S. ratti parasitic adults. Taken together, we provide evidence that simultaneous presence of helminth and protist parasites does not interfere with efficient host defence in our co-infection model although changes in Th responses were observed.  相似文献   

17.
SARS-CoV-2, a member of the coronavirus family, is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is still an urgent need in developing an efficient therapeutic intervention. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effect of a single intranasal treatment of the TLR3/MDA5 synthetic agonist Poly(I:C) against a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. We demonstrate here that early Poly(I:C) treatment acts synergistically with SARS-CoV-2 to induce an intense, immediate and transient upregulation of innate immunity-related genes in lungs. This effect is accompanied by viral load reduction, lung and brain cytokine storms prevention and increased levels of macrophages and NK cells, resulting in 83% mice survival, concomitantly with long-term immunization. Thus, priming the lung innate immunity by Poly(I:C) or alike may provide an immediate, efficient and safe protective measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection.  相似文献   

18.
Mass vaccination has played a critical role in the global eradication of smallpox. Various vaccinia virus (VACV) strains, whose origin has not been clearly documented in most cases, have been used as live vaccines in different countries. These VACV strains differed in pathogenicity towards various laboratory animals and in reactogenicity exhibited upon vaccination of humans. In this work, we studied the development of humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally (i.n.) or intradermally (i.d.) with the VACV LIVP strain at a dose of 105 PFU/mouse, which was used in Russia as the first generation smallpox vaccine. Active synthesis of VACV-specific IgM in the mice occurred on day 7 after inoculation, reached a maximum on day 14, and decreased by day 29. Synthesis of virus-specific IgG was detected only from day 14, and the level increased significantly by day 29 after infection of the mice. Immunization (i.n.) resulted in significantly higher production of VACV-specific antibodies compared to that upon i.d. inoculation of LIVP. There were no significant differences in the levels of the T cell response in mice after i.n. or i.d. VACV administration at any time point. The maximum level of VACV-specific T-cells was detected on day 14. By day 29 of the experiment, the level of VACV-specific T-lymphocytes in the spleen of mice significantly decreased for both immunization procedures. On day 30 after immunization with LIVP, mice were infected with the cowpox virus at a dose of 46 LD50. The i.n. immunized mice were resistant to this infection, while 33% of i.d. immunized mice died. Our findings indicate that the level of the humoral immune response to vaccination may play a decisive role in protection of animals from orthopoxvirus reinfection.  相似文献   

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