2013～2015年广东省东莞市桥头镇居民死因监测及恶性肿瘤死亡特征分析

目的:了解广东省东莞市桥头镇居民死亡水平及恶性肿瘤死亡谱特点,为相关部门制定疾病防治策略提供依据.方法:收集2013～2015年东莞市桥头镇居民死因监测资料,死因分类按照国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)进行编码,应用DeathReg和SPSS16.0软件对常住居民死亡资料进行统计分析.结果:2013 ～2015年累计监测人口387 162人,年均监测129 054人,信息系统报告死亡病例1 325人,其中男性死亡766人,女性死亡559人;平均死亡率为342.23/10万,其中男性报告死亡率为366.68/10万,女性报告死亡率为313.58/10万.前5位的死因依次为:心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、内分泌营养代谢性疾病、伤害,分别占总死亡的44.8％、22.3％、11.1％、4.5％和4.0％,前5位死因合计占总死亡的86.6％.40岁以下死亡构成占比较低(118例,8.9％),随着年龄的增长死亡构成比逐渐增高,60岁以上老年人群占全部死亡构成的73.7％.男性、女性死亡病例均集中在60岁以上老年人群,构成比占全部男性、女性死亡总例数的67.3％和82.4％.恶性肿瘤死亡病例中,男性患者明显多于女性,男女死亡性别比为1.98∶1.40岁以下人群恶性肿瘤死亡构成比较低(32例,10.9％),随着年龄的增长恶性肿瘤死亡构成比也逐渐增高,其中60岁以上老年人群恶性肿瘤死亡构成占全部死亡的53.2％(157/295).结论:以心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病等疾病为主的慢性非传染性疾病是危害东莞市桥头镇居民健康的主要疾病,恶性肿瘤死亡构成中,男性多于女性,恶性肿瘤死亡集中在60岁以上老年人群.     

2006～2015年青岛市某三甲综合医院腹部常见恶性肿瘤住院患者疾病特征及死亡病例分析

[目的]分析青岛市某三甲综合医院2006～2015年腹部恶性肿瘤住院患者的患病特征、病死率及主要死因.[方法]回顾性分析2006～2015年间所有住院治疗的腹部恶性肿瘤病例及肿瘤住院死亡病例,分析腹部恶性肿瘤患病疾病情况,计算病死率,分析死亡原因.[结果] 13 316例腹部恶性肿瘤住院患者中,男性7644例(57.40％),女性5672例(42.60％),男女性别比1.35∶1;患者平均年龄57.13±12.84岁.2015年腹部恶性肿瘤住院患者人数是2006年的4.52倍,腹部恶性肿瘤住院人数平均年增长率为35.25％.腹部恶性肿瘤的疾病构成依次为:结直肠癌(36.30％)、肝癌(28.00％)、胃癌(24.20％)、胰腺癌(7.40％)、胆囊癌(4.10％).腹部恶性肿瘤住院患者病死率为3.84％,病死率随时间呈明显下降趋势(趋势x2=72.451,P＜0.001).死亡病例的性别比为1.37∶1;60岁以上老年人群占全部死亡构成的65.82％.男性、女性腹部恶性肿瘤死亡病例均集中在60岁以上老年人群,构成比占全部男性、女性死亡总例数的65.59％和60.65％.死因顺位依次为:肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、胰腺癌和胆囊癌.[结论]腹部恶性肿瘤住院患者逐年增加,病死率逐年下降,死亡病例集中在老年人群,应加强对重点癌种的防治工作,有针对性的制定肿瘤防治策略.     

主要恶性肿瘤对山东省居民寿命的影响

目的 :探讨主要恶性肿瘤对山东省居民寿命的危害。方法 :利用减寿年数和减寿率分析指标对山东省 1990～ 1992年全死因调查中的肿瘤死亡资料进行分析。结果 :山东省恶性肿瘤减寿年数(PYLL)及减寿率男性最高依次为肝癌、胃癌、肺癌 ;女性依次为胃癌、白血病和肝癌。食管癌、胃癌、肝癌及肺癌男性寿命损失量明显高于女性。肺癌和食管癌PYLL及减寿率城乡之间存在显著性差异。结论 :肝癌、肺癌及胃癌是我省需要重点防治的恶性肿瘤     

2013年河北省石家庄市恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

[目的]分析2013年石家庄肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡情况.[方法]按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准,对石家庄肿瘤登记处报告的2013年肿瘤登记数据进行评估,按性别、年龄、肿瘤部位分别计算恶性肿瘤的发病率、死亡率、前10位恶性肿瘤顺位和构成.采用2000年中国标准人口构成和Segi's世界人口构成为标准计算标化率.[结果] 2013年石家庄肿瘤登记地区为市内五区城市人群,覆盖人口为2 155 391人.恶性肿瘤新发病例5002例,死亡病例2803例.发病率为232.07/10万(男性258.22/10万,女性206.64/10万),中标发病率为157.03/10万,世标发病率为154.14/10万,累积率(0～74岁)为18.18％.死亡率为130.05/10万(男性164.87/10万,女性96.18/10万),中标死亡率为80.08/10万,世标死亡率为79.24/10万,累积率(0～74岁)为8.78％.肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌是石家庄市的主要恶性肿瘤,占全部新发病例的57.30％.主要的恶性肿瘤死因是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡病例的67.89％.[结论]石家庄市城市居民发病和死亡居首位的均是肺癌,应将其作为重点防治的癌种.男性恶性肿瘤的发病率与死亡率均高于女性,应对重点人群采取一定的干预措施.     

涡阳县常见恶性肿瘤死亡率分析

[目的]了解安徽省涡阳县恶性肿瘤死亡状况及趋势,为制订本地区肿瘤防治策略提供依据.[方法]采用流行病学回顾性调查法,由各村医生收集本村所有死亡病例上报,设计调查表入户调查;计算恶性肿瘤死亡率;用Cox-Stuart法分析其死亡趋势.[结果]1992年～2001年安徽省涡阳县的恶性肿瘤死亡率呈总体上升趋势(P＜0.05),粗死亡率从81.78/10万(标化率为78.35/10万)上升至150.93/10万(标化率为143.23/10万),居死因首位.女性恶性肿瘤死亡率增长速度高于男性.男性恶性肿瘤死亡居前6位的分别是胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、肠癌、白血病.其中白血病增速最快,其他依次为肠癌、胃癌、肺癌、肝癌;食管癌死亡率呈下降趋势,但未见显著性(P＞0.05).女性恶性肿瘤死亡居前6位的分别为胃癌、肺癌、食管癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌.其中肝癌增速最快,其他依次为宫颈癌、肺癌、乳腺癌.食管癌死亡率呈下降趋势.胃癌死亡率呈下降趋势,但无显著性(P＞0.05).[结论]安徽省涡阳县1992年～2001年恶性肿瘤死亡呈总体上升趋势,胃癌、肺癌、白血病、肝癌、肠癌、女性乳腺癌、宫颈癌为防治的重点.     

郑州市1984～1998年恶性肿瘤死亡动态分析

目的　了解郑州市恶性肿瘤死亡率居全死因的位次及动态变化。方法　对郑州市死因监测点 1984～ 1998年死亡报告资料进行统计分析。结果　该地区恶性肿瘤年均死亡率为 84.69/10万 ,标化死亡率为 79.3 9/10万 ,其中男性为 10 2 .5 9/10万 ,女性为65 .2 4/10万 ,男性死亡率明显高于女性 ,性别比为 1.71∶1,经统计学处理 ,P <0 .0 0 1。不同年龄组各类恶性肿瘤的死亡率有很大差异。 15年间恶性肿瘤前四位依次是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌 ,而YPLL顺位则是肝癌、肺癌、白血病和胃癌。结论　郑州市应把肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌作为恶性肿瘤的防治重点。值得注意的是白血病对寿命损失造成的影响不可忽视。     

四川省2004年～2005年女性居民恶性肿瘤死亡分析

目的:了解女性恶性肿瘤死亡的分布特征,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法:按照全国第三次死因回顾抽样调查方案,对2004年~2005年四川省10个调查点居民死因进行调查,分析女性主要恶性肿瘤死亡率及死因构成。结果:2004年~2005年女性恶性肿瘤年均粗死亡率为102.4/10万,标化死亡率80.4/10万,前5种最常见的恶性肿瘤死亡依次为胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、结直肠癌,占女性恶性肿瘤死亡的56.4%。各主要恶性肿瘤死亡率均随年龄的增加而增长,白血病是0岁~14岁和15岁~34岁年龄组女性死亡的主要恶性肿瘤,35岁~60岁女性肝癌死因构成最高,占19.0%;60岁以上女性胃癌死因构成最高,占22.2%。女性特有的乳腺癌、宫颈癌死亡率在35岁以后明显上升。结论:各年龄段女性死亡的主要恶性肿瘤不同,应采取不同的预防控制措施。乳腺癌、宫颈癌对女性健康的威胁不容忽视。     

湖南省1990～1992年恶性肿瘤死亡回顾抽样调查结果分析

本文对湖南省１９９０～１９９２年１０个抽样县市的恶性肿瘤死亡情况和分布规律进行了分析，全省恶性肿瘤平均死亡率为６３．５６／１０万，占全死因的１０．７９％，在全死因中居第四位。恶性肿瘤前三位死因依次是肝癌、胃癌和肺癌。恶性肿瘤死亡的分布表现为男性高于女性，城市高于农村（Ｐ＜０．０５），从３５岁以上年龄组开始，死亡率随年龄增长明显升高。与７０年代死亡资料比较，死亡率上升的主要是肺癌和肝癌，下降的主要是宫颈癌。     

安徽省肿瘤登记地区2013年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

[目的]分析安徽省肿瘤登记地区2013年恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡情况.[方法]对23个肿瘤登记处数据进行审核,结果18个肿瘤登记处数据被纳入分析,按照地区(城乡)、性别分层计算恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率、前10位恶性肿瘤顺位、构成比、累积率.采用2000年中国标准人口构成和Segi's世界人口构成分别计算中国和世界人口年龄标化发病/死亡率.[结果]安徽省18个肿瘤登记处共覆盖登记人口17 387 263人,报告恶性肿瘤新病例47 420例,死亡病例28 893例,病理学诊断比例为57.94％,只有死亡证明书比例为3.30％,死亡发病比为0.61.恶性肿瘤发病率为272.73/10万(男性326.60/10万,女性215.82/10万),中国人口标化率为215.64/10万,世界人口标化率为213.24/10万,累积率(0～74岁)为25.34％.恶性肿瘤死亡率为166.17/10万(男性215.70/10万,女性113.85/10万),中国人口标化率为127.49/10万,世界人口标化率为126.56/10万,累积率(0～74岁)为14.41％.肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、脑瘤和子宫体癌是安徽省主要的恶性肿瘤,约占全部新发病例的79％.肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌、胰腺癌、脑瘤、宫颈癌和白血病是主要的肿瘤死因,约占全部肿瘤死亡病例的87％.[结论]肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌以及女性乳腺癌是安徽省主要的发病和死亡癌种,对居民健康危害严重.在肿瘤防控工作中,要重点加强这几类恶性肿瘤的早期预防和控制.     

广西居民恶性肿瘤死亡流行特征及趋势分析

[目的]了解21世纪初广西居民恶性肿瘤死亡率及死因构成,以及近30多年广西居民恶性肿瘤死亡流行特征和趋势,为制定恶性肿瘤防治策略提供依据.[方法]根据广西居民三次死亡原因回顾性(抽样)调查数据,计算并分析广西居民恶性肿瘤的死亡率、标化死亡率、累积率、截缩率、构成比和死因顺位等指标及其变化规律.[结果] 2004～2005年广西居民恶性肿瘤粗死亡率为118.03/10万(男性155.32/10万,女性76.95/10万);在全死因类别中占20.66％(男性23.64％,女性16.13％).恶性肿瘤死亡率随年龄增加而上升,40～岁组以上人群恶性肿瘤死亡率显著上升.前4位主要恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌和鼻咽癌.近30年广西居民恶性肿瘤粗死亡率、标化死亡率均随时间升高,死因构成随时间增大.第二次调查粗死亡率和标化死亡率比第一次上升108.71％和76.03％、第三次比第一次上升207.85％和94.71％;男性上升幅度大于女性;第三次调查恶性肿瘤构成比第二次增加7.34％,升幅达55％.恶性肿瘤在全死因顺位中由第3位上升至第2位.[结论]恶性肿瘤严重危害广西居民的生命健康.肝癌、肺癌、胃癌和鼻咽癌预防和控制应作为广西恶性肿瘤防控工作的重点.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.     

整合素在急性白血病中的研究进展

急性白血病是一种早期造血干/祖细咆的恶性克隆性疾病.微小残留病和耐药被认为是其复发和难治的根源.近来,越来越多的证据显示白血病细胞通过与骨髓微环境中的基质细胞或细胞外基质相互作用促进其存活,并增强其对常规化疗药物的耐药.整合素是介导细胞与细胞外基质（细胞与非细胞成分）粘连的最主要黏附分子,在细胞增殖、存活等生物学过程中发挥关键作用,但作用机制尚不完全清楚.现就目前揭示的整合素及肿瘤微环境在急性白血病发生、发展中的作用进行综述.