某市男性外勤交通警察2009—2013年体检结果分析

目的 了解2009-2013年某市男性外勤交通警察的健康状况,确定该特殊群体的常见病和多发病。 方法 采用回顾性研究调查方法,选择该市连续5年参加体检的1 390名男性交通警察作为研究对象,对其5年健康检查结果进行综合分析。 结果 该市男性外勤交通警察的疾病或异常指标的5年检出率分别为96.19%、97.99%、93.31%、96.76%及94.6%。影响该市男性外勤交通警察健康的主要慢性非传染性疾病有:高脂血症、超重/肥胖、高尿酸血症、咽炎、脂肪肝、高血压、鼻炎、肾结石及肝胆结石等;其中高脂血症、超重/肥胖、高尿酸血症、咽炎、脂肪肝排在前五位。 结论 该市男性外勤交通警察健康状况不容乐观,慢性非传染性疾病指标的异常检出率较高。应及时采取措施改善交通警察整体的健康状况。     

某市城区交通警察健康状况调查

为了了解市城区交通警察的健康状况,切实保护好交通警察这一特殊人群的身体健康,我们对濮阳市城区内的交通警察的健康状况进行了调查。结果报告如下。1 对象和方法1.1 对象 以136名男性外勤交通警察为观察组,年龄22～48岁,平均年龄35.2岁,工龄1～15年,平均工龄10.5年;另选38名从事办公室工作且无毒物接触史的机关内勤警察为对照组,其年龄23～52岁,平均37岁,工龄1～26,平均13.5年。经均衡     

不同工作环境人群PM2.5暴露水平与肺功能的研究

目的评价太原市交通警察和疾病预防控制中心(CDC)人员工作环境PM2.5暴露水平,探讨工作环境PM2.5暴露与人群肺功能的关系。方法选用外勤交通警察(暴露组)、CDC人员(对照组)为研究对象,应用环境检测和时间-活动日记相结合的方法连续采样1周,计算研究对象工作时间内PM2.5暴露剂量和潜在暴露剂量。同时对研究对象进行问卷调查,于环境PM2.5检测1周结束后检测肺功能。结果交通警察工作交通路口的PM2.5浓度([0.132±0.049)mg/m3]高于CDC办公室内PM2.5浓度([0.100±0.044)mg/m3],交通警察8 h工作时间内的暴露剂量、潜在暴露剂量分别为(1.060±0.23)mg和(1.690±0.37)mg,均高于CDC人员[均为(0.798±0.19)mg];男性交通警察最大呼气流量(PEF)和第1秒钟用力呼气量/用力肺活量(FEV1.0/FVC)分别为(4.70±0.28)L/s和0.82±0.03,低于男性CDC人员[PEF和FEV1.0/FVC分别为(6.53±0.41)L/s和0.92±0.02];上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论交通警察的PM2.5暴露剂量和潜在暴露剂量均高于CDC人员,男性交通警察的肺功能下降可能与长期暴露于机动车尾气有关。     

城市大气污染对交通警察呼吸功能的影响

为探讨长期暴露于城市大气污染物对交通警察呼吸功能的影响,收集1996-2000年大气环境监测资料,并于2001年分别在城市大气污染较重的太原市和大气质量相对较好的青岛市随机选择131和100名男性外勤交通警察,进行流行病学问卷调查和肺功能测定.1996-2000年太原市大气中SO2、TSP的年均浓度均高于青岛市,1998-2000年太原市大气中NOx的年均浓度均高于青岛市.太原市交通警察肺功能测定指标肺活量(SVC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒时间用力肺活量(FEV1)、25%用力肺活量时呼气流速(FEF25)、50%用力肺活量时呼气流速(FEF50)均低于青岛市交通警察,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).大气污染严重的城市,其交通警察的肺功能和呼吸系统健康状况均受到影响.     

中国交通警察职业性影响及防护对策研究──城市污染对交通警察健康及行为功能的影响

为了配合中国交通警察职业性影响及防护对策研究，以某市有代表性的七个交通路口进行环境监测，并对该区交通警察（外勤警１０４人，内勤警９３人）进行了健康状况检查和神经行为功能测试。结果表明：该市污染较为严重，交通噪声昼Ｌｅｑ日均值为７６．７５ｄＢ（Ａ），超过国家建议交通噪声Ｌｅｑ每日标准７０ｄＢ（Ａ），颗粒物浓度、一氧化碳、氮氧化物浓度超过大气环境质量三级标准。外勤警的呼吸系统、关节酸痛、眼结膜炎等症状和体征出现率、ＨｂＣＯ百分含量、收缩压与内勤警比较均有显著性差异。在排除年龄、工龄、文化程度等因素的ＮＣＴＢ测试，在情感特征、数字跨度、数字译码、提转捷度和目标追踪等方面，外勤警较内勤警有显著性差异。提示：交通警察（外勤警）的健康状况及神经行为功能变化与城市污染有关。     

某市交通污染对交通警察血压影响的初步研究

目的了解某市交通污染对交通警察血压的影响。方法现场监测交通道口污染状况,并以某市281名男性内、外勤交通警察为对象进行问卷调查,同时测定静坐位血压。结果外勤组交通警察血压异常率高于内勤组,外勤组交通警察收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)水平均高于内勤组(P<0.05)。但经分层分析,在高年龄组(≥45岁)和高工龄组(≥20年)中内外勤组间血压异常率、舒张压、收缩压差异有显著性(P<0.05),而在低年龄组和低工龄组中内外勤组间血压异常率、舒张压、收缩压差异无显著性(P<0.05)。结论长期接触交通污染环境能引起交通警察血压的改变。     

交通警察健康状况及其影响因素

目的探讨交通警察健康的职业性影响因素及防护对策。方法应用回顾性队列调查方法，对全国１６个城市４４３３名交通警察的健康状况及其影响因素进行了初步调查。结果交通警察（固定警、流动警和岗亭警）呼吸系统疾患明显增高，危险因素为吸烟、交通废气等，比数比（ＯＲ）为２．８７～５．３２；其次为消化系统疾患，危险因素为饮食不规则、饭后不休息、工作负荷等，ＯＲ为３．９８～４．５８。结论为了保护交通警察的健康，应从交通污染、工作制度、生活因素等方面采取综合防护措施     

某市交通警察血糖和血脂水平的变化

目的　了解某市交通警察接触交通废气时血糖和血脂水平的变化。方法　现场监测交通道口空气污染状况,并以某市281名男性内、外勤交通警察为对象进行问卷调查,同时采取静脉血测定血糖、血脂的浓度。结果　外勤组交通警察血糖为(5. 43±1. 35) mmol/L和胆固醇(5. 43±1 .47) mmol/L,高于内勤组,差异有显著性(P<0. 01)。经分层分析,在高年龄组(≥45岁)和高工龄组(≥20年)中内外勤组间血糖、血脂差异有显著性(P<0. 05)。结论　职业接触交通废气的交通警察血糖和血脂水平增高。     

中国交通警察职业性影响及防护对策研究—城市污染对交通…

为了配合中国交通警察职业性影响及防护对策研究，以某市有代表性的七个交通路口进行环境监测，并对该区交通警察（外勤警１０４人，内勤警９３人）进行了健康状况检查和神经行为功能测试。结果表明：该市污染较为严重，交通噪声昼Ｌｅｑ日均值为７６．７５ｄＢ（Ａ），超过国家建议交通噪声Ｌｅｑ每日标准７０ｄＢ（Ａ），颗粒物浓度、一氧化碳、氮氧化物浓度超过大气环境质量三级标准。外勤警的呼吸系统、关节酸痛、眼结膜炎等症状     

职业因素对交通警察神经行为功能影响的研究

为了阐明职业性危害因素对交通警察（外勤警）神经行为功能的影响特点，选用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（ＷＨＯ－ＮＣＴＢ）七项指标，对１６６名外勤警、１６４名内勤警进行了测试。结果表明，外勤警的消极性情感明显增强，反应时间延长，心理运动能力和视感知能力降低，提示交通警察的职业因素对其神经行为功能有不良影响。     

Absorption of lead in Tehran traffic policemen

In this study 228 traffic policemen and 68 policemen engaged in office duties were studied for lead absorption. The average value of blood lead of traffic policemen (29.52 +/- 7.78 micrograms/100 mL) in the city of Tehran was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than for the policemen in office duties (21.74 +/- 5.63 micrograms/100 mL). No correlation between blood lead level and age and/or length of occupation was found. The most reasonable explanation for the findings of this study is that lead emission from motor vehicles is causing this effect.     

Plasma 17-alpha-OH-progesterone in male workers exposed to traffic pollutants

The aim of the study is to evaluate if the occupational exposure to urban pollutants could cause alterations on 17-alfa-hydroxy-progesterone plasma levels and related diseases in male traffic policemen. 17-alpha-OH-P is synthesized in Leydig cells and in adrenals; it influences spermiogenesis, acrosoma reaction, testosterone biosynthesis, blocking of gonadotropin secretion; it regulates learning, memory and sleep. After excluding principal confounding factors, i.e., rotating or night shifts, exposure to solvents, paints and pesticides during time-off and smoking, traffic policemen were matched with controls by age, working life and drinking habit. Finally, 112 traffic policemen and 112 controls were included in the study. In traffic policemen 17-alpha-OH-P mean values were significantly higher vs. controls. The distribution of 17-alpha-OH-P values in both groups was significant. An increased frequency of fertility disorders referred to the questionnaire items were found in traffic policemen vs. controls, but the difference was not significant. The occupational exposure to low doses of chemical urban stressor, interacting with and adding to the psychosocial ones, could alter plasma 17-alpha-OH-P concentrations in traffic policemen vs. controls. 17-alpha-OH-P could be used as an early biological marker, even before the onset of the reproductive and mental health diseases.     

交通警察眼部检查结果分析

目的了解交通警察眼部患病情况。方法对某市交通警察2 590人进行眼部检查。结果检出患有各种眼部疾病者403人,平均异常率为15.56%,以30～39岁组的异常率最高。有高血压病史者的高血压视网膜病变及视网膜动脉硬化异常率最高,分别为48.72%及10.26%;而视网膜动脉缩窄的异常率则以收缩压偏高者最高,为10.09%。结论高血压是引起交通警察眼部视网膜血管异常的重要原因之一,30～39岁组人群应为重点观察对象。应增强个人防护意识,减轻职业压力,并结合全身状态进行综合分析,综合防治,防患于未然。     

广州市交通警察淋巴细胞DNA损伤的研究

目的研究交通警察的职业暴露与吸烟对淋巴细胞DNA损伤的影响.方法研究对象为广州市8个区的交通警共812人(男741人、女71人,其中内勤130人、外勤682人).静脉取血,以淋巴细胞分离液分离淋巴细胞.以彗星电泳的方法测定淋巴细胞DNA的损伤.结果未经校正的结果表明,内勤警平均年龄[(37.7±9.5)岁]较外勤警[(32.3±8.1)岁]大,且差异有显著性(P＜0.01).性别(P=0.08)与年龄(P=0.45)对DNA损伤无影响.外勤警淋巴细胞彗星尾矩为4.20μm,95%CI为3.98～4.42μm,内勤警为3.23μm,95%CI为2.82～3.70μm,表明外勤警的DNA损伤较内勤警为重,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).吸烟者淋巴细胞彗星尾矩为4.66μm,95%CI为4.37～4.97μm,不吸烟者为3.47μm,95%CI为3.21～3.75μm,而戒烟者则为3.28(2.57～4.17)μm,表明吸烟者的DNA损伤较戒烟者和不吸烟者为重,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).在非吸烟者中,仅在家中的被动吸烟可使DNA损伤增加,但如果将外勤警除外,则工作场所的被动吸烟也可使DNA损伤增加.以协方差分析调整了各因素的影响,发现外勤警的职业、吸烟与女性性别可使淋巴细胞DNA损伤增加,且差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).未发现年龄与被动吸烟对DNA损伤有影响.结论交通警的职业暴露与吸烟可使DNA损伤增加,女性交通警较男性交通警DNA损伤为重.     

Exposure to vehicular pollution and respiratory impairment of traffic policemen in Jalgaon City, India

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried during the May 2003 to April 2004 along the (NH-6) passing through Jalgaon city. The average concentration of SOx 64 microg/m3, NOx 58 microg/ m3, particulates (> 10 micro) 515 microg/m3 and respirable dust particulates 224 microg/m3 was reported at Prabhat during the study period (May 2003-April 2004). This location represents the major highway crossings (four) in the study area. The present investigations are on the survey of health status and lung function of traffic policemen exposed to the inferior air quality as observed on the highway crossings. The spirometric analysis of traffic policemen shows significant variation in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). The parameters were significantly affected in the traffic policemen as against the control group of population. It reveals significant respiratory impairment in the traffic policemen due to exposure to vehicular pollution. The study suggest the compulsory use of personal protective equipment (nose mask) by the traffic policemen during duty hours will help for the protection from vehicular pollution. The regular periodic health checkup is required to understand the impact of vehicular pollution on the health of traffic policemen.     

Pulmonary nodules in workers exposed to urban stressor

By multilayer spiral low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) of the chest this study assesses the early detection of lung lesions on a sample of 100 traffic policemen of a big Italian city professionally exposed to urban pollutants and 100 controls non-occupationally exposed to urban pollutants matched by sex, age, length of service and cigarette smoking habit. Exposure to urban pollutants in traffic policemen was characterized using the annual average concentrations of PM₁₀, NO₂ and benzene in the period 1998-2008 measured by fixed monitoring stations located in different areas of the city. A significant and increasing number of suspicious lung nodules with diameters between 5 and 10 mm was observed: in traffic policemen (including smokers and non-smokers) vs. controls (including smokers and non-smokers); in total smokers (including traffic policemen and controls) vs. total non-smokers (traffic policemen and controls); in smoker traffic policemen vs. smoker controls and vs. non-smoker traffic policemen; in non-smoker traffic policemen vs. non-smoker controls. The RR of finding cases with at least one lung nodule with diameters between 5 and 10 mm in traffic policemen (including smokers and non-smokers) compared to controls (including smokers and non-smokers) is 1.94 (CI 1.13-3.31); in total smokers vs. non-smokers the RR is 1.96 (CI 1.20-3.19). The comparison between the interaction exposure and smoking shows an increase in smoker traffic policemen than in smoker controls (RR=2.14; CI 1.02-4.52). The RR for smoker traffic policemen was higher than in non-smoker traffic policemen (RR=2.09; CI 1.19-3.66). The results of our study show that: (1) while smoker workers have a higher risk for developing solid suspicious lung nodules, the simple routinely exposure to urban pollutants is unable to produce the same kind of increased risk; (2) the interaction of smoking and exposure to urban pollutants greatly increases the risk for the development of solid suspicious lung nodules. In conclusion, the use of chest LD-CT in workers at risk helps identify suspicious solid lung nodules at early stage.     

汽车轮胎胶粒所致交通警察呼吸系统损害及其致敏性调查

目的探讨汽车轮胎胶粒对交通警察（以下简称“交警”）呼吸系统损害及其致敏性。方法对455名外勤交警及243名对照者进行呼吸系统症状询问调查及肺通气功能用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1.0）、最大呼气中期流速（MMF）、呼出肺活量50％时的最大呼气流速（V50）等指标测定；并进行455名外勤交警及230名对照人员汽车轮胎胶粒血清特异性IgE抗体水平测定，以及汽车轮胎胶粒抗原的皮肤针刺试验，对其中汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性的66名外勤交警及5名对照人员进行鼻黏膜激发试验；对66名汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性的外勤交警进行硫酸特布他林吸入试验。结果交警咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气短、打喷嚏、鼻塞、流鼻涕等症状的阳性率分别为38．02％、27．03％、20．00％、23．08％、27．47％、32．09％、34．95％，明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；交警组汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性率为14．51％，明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；交警组的皮肤针刺试验阳性率为23．73％，明显高于对照组（3．04％）；汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性者鼻黏膜激发试验阳性率为54．55％，与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）；交警肺通气功能FVC、FEV1.0、MMF、V50实测值／预计值的百分比明显低于对照组，66例汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性者硫酸特布他林吸入试验阳性44例，占调查交警总人数的9．67％。结论汽车轮胎胶粒是导致交通警察肺通气功能损害的原因之一，汽车轮胎胶粒有引起交通警察过敏性哮喘的可能。     

交通噪声对交通警察听阈影响动态观察初探

合肥市四个主要交通路口车流量１１６７－１４１３辆／小时,噪声范围为６５－９６ｄＢ（Ａ）,等效连续声级为８３－８７ｄＢ（Ａ）,各监测点全部超过７０ＬｅｐｄＢ（Ａ）（国家标准）。内勤警环境噪声５５－７０ｄＢ（Ａ）。７９名外勤警,３０名内勤擎 听阈测试动态观察提示;外勤警３年后自身对比各频率听阈均明显高于３年前,内勤警３年前后自身对比各频率听阈未见明显改变。１９９２年外勤警仅３ｋ、４ｋＨｚ听阈高于内勤警     

Blood lead levels of traffic policemen in Bursa,Turkey

This study was conducted in January 2001, in Bursa, Turkey. Of the 99 traffic policemen who were included in the study, 21 were office workers. Blood lead levels were determined by using an electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometer (ET-AAS). Average blood lead levels were 9.4 +/- 1.6 micrograms/l and 8.7 +/- 1.7 micrograms/l for policemen working outdoors and indoors, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). When policemen less than 15 years on duty were taken into account (n = 48) the difference between the outdoors and indoors working groups was significant (9.3 +/- 1.3 and 8.2 +/- 1.8 micrograms/l, P < 0.05). In order to prevent the negative effects of tetraethyl lead on humans and the environment the use of lead in petrol must be prohibited.     

Environmental and biological monitoring of arsenic in outdoor workers exposed to urban air pollutants

The aim of this study is to evaluate personal exposure to As in urban air in two groups of outdoor workers (traffic policemen and police drivers) of a big Italian city through: (a) environmental monitoring of As obtained by personal samples and (b) biological monitoring of total urinary As. The possible influence of smoking habit on urinary As was evaluated. We studied 122 male subjects, all Municipal Police employees: 84 traffic policemen and 38 police drivers exposed to urban pollutants. Personal exposure to As in air was significantly higher in traffic policemen than in police drivers (p=0.03). Mean age, length of service, alcohol drinking habit, number of cigarettes smoked/day and BMI were comparable between the groups of subjects studied. All subjects were working in the same urban area where they had lived for at least 5 yrs. Dietary habits and consumption of water from the water supply and/or mineral water were similar in traffic policemen and in police drivers. The values of total urinary As were significantly higher in traffic policemen (smokers and non smokers) than in police drivers (smokers and non smokers) (p=0.02). In the subgroup of non-smokers the values of total urinary As were significantly higher in traffic policemen than in police drivers (p=0.03). In traffic policemen and in police drivers total urinary As values were significantly correlated to the values of As in air (respectively r=0.9 and r=0.8, p<0.001). This is the first research in literature studying the exposure to As in outdoor workers occupationally exposed to urban pollutants, such as traffic policemen and police drivers. Personal exposure to As in the air, as well as the urinary excretion of As, is significantly higher in traffic policemen compared to drivers. These results can provide information about exposure to As in streets and in car for other categories of outdoor workers similarly exposed.