治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤的新药介绍

化学治疗是非霍奇金淋巴瘤(Non-Hodgkins’lymphoma，NHL)的治愈性手段，但传统的标准化疗方案治愈率不到40%，在化疗无效的难治性复发性NHL中，15～50％使用大剂量化疗联合自体外周血遣血干细胞移植(ASCT)可达长期无瘤生存。新的化疗药物和新的生物治疗模式的出现如单克隆抗体(McAb)及放免靶向治疗的临床应用对进一步提高NHL的治疗疗效带来了新的希望。2004年NCCN在淋巴瘤的治疗指引中，将氟达拉滨和Rituximab作为治疗中低度恶性淋巴瘤的一线药物，把放免靶向治疗Bexxar和Zevalin作为B细胞淋巴瘤的二线治疗方案。本文主要介绍治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤的新的药物和方法。     

实施新药引进程序化管理的探讨

目的:建立健全医院新药引进工作的程序与方法。方法:制定新药引进管理制度,实施新药引进程序化管理。结果与结论:通过建立新药引进评审"专家库",纪律检查委员会监察室全程监督,增加临床药学评价,以及药品引进后的监控等一系列举措,我院在新药引进管理方面已取得一定的成效,提高了医院新药引进工作的公正、透明和科学性。     

Increased sensitivity to nitrazepam in old age.

The effects of a single 10 mg oral dose of nitrazepam were compared with those of a placebo in healthy young and old people. Both the young and the elderly slept better on three successive nights after nitrazepam but they felt less awake at 12 and 36 hours (P less than 0-01). Elderly people made significantly more mistakes in a psychomotor test than did the young, despite similar plasma concentrations of nitrazepam and half lives in the two groups. This difference in response to psychomotor testing is probably explained by an increased sensitivity of the ageing brain to the action of nitrazepam.     

Pharmacokinetics in old age

All practising clinicians will be aware of the increased number of elderly patients requiring drug treatment as the proportion of people over the age of 65 increases in our Western society. The elderly as a group have much to benefit from modern drug therapy, but, historically, are also the group most prone to adverse drug reactions. Such reactions have often been due to inappropriate drug prescribing based on an incomplete knowledge of changes in drug handling with age. In recent years there has been an increased understanding of the physiological changes of ageing and the changes in drug handling consequent upon these changes. This review will concentrate on the clinical sequelae of changes in drug handling and suggest areas where modification in prescribing practice may yield clinical benefits and lessen the toll of adverse drug reactions.     

循证药学与模糊数学在医院新药引进中的综合运用

目的：探讨循证药学与模糊数学对医院新药引进的作用,为医疗机构引进新药提供科学、客观、严谨、量化的参考依据。方法：采用循证药学方法,检索高要市人民医院2014年申请引进的10种新药的系统性评价、荟萃分析等文献,对引进新药的有效性、安全性、评价结论等进行分析。采用模糊评判分析法,对循证药学资料进行客观量化分析。结果：筛选出美沙拉嗪肠溶片、疏血通注射液、大株红景天注射液、康莱特注射液、注射用托拉塞米、依帕司他片等6种药品系统性评价的有效性文献,筛选出阿那曲唑片的荟萃分析文献,大活络胶囊、舒肝宁注射液、脾多肽注射液等3种药品只有描述性评价文献。大株红景天注射液、康莱特注射液的引进适宜度（A）＞0．8,最宜引进;疏血通注射液、美沙拉嗪肠溶片：0．6＜A＜0．8,次宜引进;注射用托拉塞米、依帕司他片、阿那曲唑片：A＜0．6,不宜引进;大活络胶囊、舒肝宁注射液及脾多肽注射液等由于循证药学数据缺乏,有待论证。结论：循证药学与模糊评判分析方法相结合,能更好地完善临床资料和系统评价,提高评价的正确性,为医院引进新药提供了较为客观、科学、量化的评价数据。