河南省2001年至2010年志贺菌菌型分布及耐药性变迁分析

目的 通过分析河南省2001年至2010年志贺氏菌菌型分布及耐药性变化特点,为我省菌痢防治工作提供依据。方法从形态特征、生化反应、血清分型、药物敏感试验四方面对2001年至2010年各腹泻病监测点分离到的2347株志贺菌株进行系统鉴定和病原学研究。结果2347株志贺菌中B群1975株,其中F2a占35．09％、F4c占26．73％、FIa占16．96％;D群次之369株,A群2株和c群1株。药敏试验结果显示,1008株受试菌中,平均耐药率〉90％的抗生素为萘啶酸（98．6％）、四环素（98．2％）、利福平（98．1％）和氨苄西林（91．2％）,耐药率呈上升趋势的有庆大霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、头孢噻肟及头孢吡肟。多重耐药菌980株占受试菌株的97．2％,耐五类以上抗生素的比例由2001年至2004年的66．1％（288株）,上升至2005年至2010年的93．2％（534株）,最高耐八类抗生素。结论我省菌痢流行菌型发生变迁,耐药及多重耐药日趋严重,为菌痢的治疗和预防增加了难度。     

腹泻儿童志贺菌病原学检测分析

目的了解志贺菌在本地区腹泻儿童中流行的主要血清型和耐药性。方法按常规法对腹泻儿童粪便进行志贺菌分离鉴定、血清分型和药敏试验。结果检出64株志贺菌中55株为福氏志贺菌，占86％；6株为宋氏志贺菌，占9．4％；志贺氏I型1株，占1．5％；鲍氏志贺菌2株，占3．1％。其对抗生素耐药率的高低依次为氨苄西林（88％）、复方新诺明（71％）、环丙沙星（33．3％）、左旋氧氟沙星（23．8％）、头孢噻肟（22．5％）、氨曲南（22％）、菌必治（21％）、头孢替坦（11．8％）、马斯平（11．6％）、复达欣（9．4％）、哌拉西林／他唑巴达（4．3％）、亚胺培南（0％）。结论本地区儿童贺志菌感染以福氏志贺菌为主。志贺茵对各种抗生素耐药性不断增加，临床应参考药敏结果用药。     

痢疾杆菌的分型及药敏试验

８８株痢疾杆菌的分型及药敏试验．经血清学鉴定结果：福氏痢疾杆菌占８６．４％（７６／８８），宋内氏痢疾杆菌和鲍氏痢疾杆菌，分别占１２、５％（１１／８８）和１．１％（１／８８）．药敏结果：痢疾杆菌对先锋霉素敏感率９６．５％，丁胺卡那霉素８６．３％，庆大霉素７０．５％，氟哌酸６３．６％．氨苄青霉素６３．６％，而对其它抗生素均存在不同程度的抗药性。     

志贺氏菌多重耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶检测的临床意义

目的了解志贺氏菌的耐药现状及产β－内酰胺酶情况,为菌痢防治提供科学依据。方法收集245株志贺氏菌采用琼脂稀释法监测18种抗生素的耐药性,同时检测β－内酰胺酶。结果志贺氏菌多重耐药菌株率占74．69％;产β－内酰胺酶菌株率占91．02％,有青霉素酶、头孢菌素酶和广谱酶,其中以青霉素酶为主（占69．39％）,未发现产EsBL菌株;不同血清型多重耐药性及产β－内酰胺酶率和种类明显不同。结论目前志贺氏菌多重耐药及产β－内酰胺酶菌株率高,福氏2a型的耐药程度非常显著高于宋内菌。在菌痢治疗中,应根据药敏结果选择用药,避免滥用抗生素,以减少耐药菌株的产生和增长。     

96株志贺氏菌菌型分布及耐药性监测

细菌性痢疾（简称菌痢）菌型复杂，易于变迁，近年耐药菌株不断增加，为控制菌痢传播流行及为临床治疗提供依据，我们对１９９７年收集的９６株志贺氏菌进行了分型和耐药性测定，结果报告如下。１材料与方法１．１菌株来源从腹泻病人粪便中分离培养获得，其中９６株志贺氏...     

肠道致病菌分离鉴定及其部分细菌的药敏试验分析

目的 探讨闸北区2003年肠道致病菌菌群分布情况及细菌药敏特点，为疾病控制和临床用药提供依据。方法 粪便病原菌分离培养、生化鉴定、血清学分型由细菌室按常规方法进行，药敏试验为K-B纸片法。结果 118例腹泻病人粪便标本病原菌阳性63例，其中志贺氏菌所占比例最高，为44．44％。28株志贺氏菌中福氏志贺菌群占67．86％，宋内氏志贺菌占32．14％。志贺菌对复方新诺明和氨苄青霉素耐药，耐药率分别为96．43％和71．43％。宋内氏志贺菌和福氏志贺菌对复方新诺明的耐药性无显著性差异，对氨苄青霉素的耐药性有显著差异。儿童标本志贺菌和成人标本志贺氏菌的耐药率及多重耐药率无显著性差异。结论 2003年本区肠道传染病以福氏和宋内氏志贺菌感染为主，头孢菌素类、氨基糖甙类、喹诺酮类药物可作为首选药物。     

136株志贺菌的血清学分型及耐药性分析

目的调查志贺菌在遵义地区流行的主要血清型和耐药性。方法用MicroScan WorkAway-40全自动细菌鉴定/药敏分析仪对临床分离的136株志贺菌进行鉴定和药敏试验,用志贺菌属诊断血清进行血清学分型。结果136株志贺菌中,福氏志贺菌132株,占97.0%,其中福氏Ⅱa型128株,占97.0%;宋内氏志贺菌4株,占3.0%。福氏志贺菌对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、环丙沙星耐药率依次为90.2%、90.9%、59.1%。结论遵义地区志贺菌感染以福氏志贺菌福氏Ⅱa型为主:福氏志贺菌对常规抗菌药物有很高耐药性,应引起临床重视。     

志贺氏菌属的菌群分布及药物敏感试验

为调查志贺氏菌的血清型和耐药性，对5年来临床分离的志贺氏菌181株进行血清学分型、药敏试验。结果：1996－2000年间B群占绝对优势，在B群中，1996－1999年以福氏志贺氏菌Ⅱ型为主，2000年以福氏志贺氏菌I型为主。药敏试验结果，头孢哌酮敏感率最高，超过80％。提示福氏志贺氏菌Ⅱ型和I型是主要的血清型，对多种抗菌药物耐药率呈逐年上升趋势。     

90例志贺氏菌属感染者病原菌分类及药敏分析

目的：探讨志贺氏菌属菌群分类及耐药性之变迁。方法：回顾性分析1992－1999年8年间经粪便培养分离出的90株志贺氏菌属的菌群分类及药敏情况。结果：90株细菌中，福氏76株（84．4％），宋内氏12株（13．3％），志贺氏2株（2．2％）。对头孢哌酮、头孢唑啉、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、氟哌酸、痢特灵、复方新诺明、氨苄西林8种抗菌药物的耐药率分别为5．8％、25．6％、28．4％、38．0％、21．3％、25．0％、82．5％、89．7％。结论：福氏菌仍为志贺氏菌属的优势菌株。其耐药现象日趋严重，对氟喹诺酮类的耐药性产生快而迅猛，已出现耐第三代头孢菌素的菌株。     

重庆市区(1997～1998)痢疾流行菌株的分子流行病学研究

目的：了解近半年来重庆市区志贺菌的流行菌型。方法：对近两年收集的３４９株志贺菌进行血清学分型,质粒图谱分析和药敏试验。结果：３３４株细菌的质粒图谱显示;９８．８％的菌株含有质粒,其中２７９株福氏志贺菌共有８种质粒,分为１２种闰图谱模式。所有菌株对常用抗生素均为三重及三重以上耍药,且显示神速氏志加菌的多重耐药较宋内志 力更为严重。结论：福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌是本地区当前流行的两大菌群,福氏２ａ血清型     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.