甲型H1N1流感疫苗安全性评述

2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情在全球范围内快速蔓延,严重威胁人类健康和生命,影响社会经济稳定。世卫组织公布的数据显示,截至2009年10月25日,全球有44万多例经实验室确认的甲型H1N1流感病例,至少5712A死亡。据美国官方统计甲型H1N1流感已造成1000多名美国人死亡,现有的住院甲型H1N1流感患者很可能已超过2万人。据我国官方统计截至2009年11月4日,我国内地累计报告5．1万余例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例,重症病例累计153例,死亡8例。目前全球已拉响了甲型H1N1流感警报。因此,采取有效的防控措施预防甲型H1N1流感的爆发是目前迫在眉睫解决的问题。     

甲型H1N1流感的病原学与发病机制研究进展

2009年3月起始于墨西哥的一种新型流感(甲型H1N1流感)迅速在全球范围内蔓延.6月11日,WHO宣布将甲型H1N1流感流行警告级别提升为6级,全球进入流感大流行阶段.据卫生部通报,截止2010年1月上旬,中国内地已有124 764例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例,其中744例死亡,除海南外,所有省区均报告了死亡病例.疫情现仍继续向农村蔓延,社区扩散,所以探讨其病原学和发病机制很重要,本研究在此进行综述.     

患上甲流该咋办

据搜狐网显示：截至2009年11月25日,全球已有6,770例甲流患者死亡;中国内地累计报告甲流确诊病例78,893例,死亡104例,甲型H1N1流感病例占流感病例的比例为89．8%。     

某高校甲型H1N1流感的防控

<正>2009年3月,甲型H1N1流秆(以下简称为甲流)疫情在墨西哥爆发,之后席卷全球。至2010年2月24日全球已有1.6万人因甲流死亡,至2010年2月28日我国甲流确认病例已上升至12.7万例人,死亡793例。截至2月8日,2011年全国共有9个省份累计报告甲型H1N1流感死亡病     

宁波市2009年甲型H_1N_1流感流行特征

2009年4月份以来,墨西哥、美国等地相继出现大量甲型H1N1流感病例。5月11日我国首例甲型H1N1流感病例被确诊。6月11日宁波市确诊了本地首例从墨西哥回国的商务人员感染甲型H1N1流感的输入性病例;8月中旬,宁波市先后报告从其他地区输入的病例和本地不明原因感染的病例;9月上旬,我市学校内开始出现聚集性疫情;截至12月31日宁波市共诊断报告病例1932例。现对宁波市2009年甲型H1N1流感病例流行特征进行分析,报告如下。     

浙江省象山半岛甲型H1N1流感流行病学分析

甲型H1N1流感是一种新型呼吸道传染病,传播力强,涉及面广,2009年6月11日,WHO宣布将甲型H1N1流感大流行警告级别提升为6级,全球进入流感大流行阶段。浙江省象山县在2009年9月8日确诊首例甲型H1N1流感病例后,截止2010年7月30日,累计报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例184例,为全面了解甲型H1N1流感的流行规律,为传染病防控提供科学依据,现将结果报告如下。     

儿童甲型H_1N_1流感60例分析

自2009年3月墨西哥爆发甲型H1N1流感疫情后,迅速在全球范围内蔓延,本地区也出现甲型H1N1流感疫情.2009年11月-2010年1月我院儿科诊治60例甲型H1N1流感病例,其中40例为确诊病例,20例为临床诊断病例,均符合甲型H1N1流感诊疗方案诊断标准[1],现分析报告如下.     

甲型H1N1流感拉响警报

自2009年3月底4月初开始,一种叫做甲型H1N1流感的传染病在墨西哥和美国相继爆发。在短短半个月时间内,墨西哥确认和疑似甲型H1N1流感病例约2500人,其中仅疑似甲型H1N1流感的死亡病例就达176人;美国也出现了1例死亡病例。除墨西哥、美国外,甲型H1N1流感已经波及加拿大、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、英国、法国、西班牙,瑞士、韩国、以色列、新西兰等二十多个国家。5月11日,中国内地报告首例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例。     

2009～2010年北京市孕妇甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征

目的分析2009～2010年甲型H1N1流感大流行期间,孕妇甲型H1N1流感确诊病例流行病学特征。方法对北京市孕妇甲型H1N1流感确诊病例开展流行病学调查,描述病例发病时间、地区和职业分布,并利用Logistic回归探讨导致孕妇甲型H1N1流感病例死亡的相关因素。结果 2009～2010年北京市孕妇中累计出现确诊病例81例,危重症病例占30.9%,确诊病例病死率6.2%,死亡病例均为外来务工人员。孕妇危重症病例所占构成比和病例病死率高于育龄期女性(χ2=88.2,P<0.001;χ2=9.6,P<0.005)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,发病治疗时间间隔长、体重指数高是导致孕妇甲型H1N1流感病例死亡的危险因素。结论孕妇甲型H1N1流感确诊病例易并发呼吸衰竭和感染中毒性休克,且出现危重病例和死亡病例的危险性高于育龄期女性,外来务工人员是孕妇甲型H1N1流感防控的高危人群。     

甲型H1N1流感疫苗的研制与应用情况

目前,全球甲型H1N1流感确认病例超过40万例,死亡达5000例,而我国已确诊病例4万多例.截止11月9日,我国内地31个省市自治区共报告59 478例确诊病例,累计报告重症病例242例,已治愈53例,死亡30例.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

多药耐药及相关蛋白基因抗砷作用

目的 研究多药耐药基因(MDRI)、多药耐药相关蛋白基因(MRP1)在长期砷暴露的细胞获得对砷的耐受过程中的作用,为抗砷机制的研究提供基础依据.方法 采用抑制剂维拉帕米(Verapamil)、MK571,在单一水平和联合水平上阻断MDR1和MRP1基因发挥作用,通过四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞的生存率及半数致死量(IC50);通过原子荧光法(AFS)分别检测给予Vempamil、MK571的实验组和对照组在不同时间点抗砷细胞内砷的含量.结果 在2,4,8,16,32,64 μmol/L砷浓度下,给予抑制剂的抗砷细胞生存率分别为(73.5±0.02)%,(54.6±0.07)%,(44.2±0.05)%,(20.5±0.09)%,(13.5±0.1)%,(7.6±0.05)%,明显低于同步对照组的生存率(93.5±0.05)%,(71.5±0.02)%,(49.2±0.03)%,(38.8±0.08)%,(37.6±0.06)%,(19.5±0.04)%.Verapamil作用下IC50为8.8 μmol/L,MK571作用下IC50为6.22 μmol/L;同时给于2种抑制剂时,逆转作用更为明显,IC50为5.23μmol/L;MK571作用下,抗砷细胞内砷含量增加明显,至10 h时砷含量达到最大值1.62 ng,明显高出Verapmil组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 MDR1、MRP1基因在抗砷细胞获得耐药性过程中起重要作用.     

工作场所空气中1,1-二氯-1-硝基乙烷的气相色谱测定法

目的 建立工作场所空气中1,1-二氯-1-硝基乙烷的气相色谱测定方法.方法 活性炭管采集工作场所空气中的1,1-二氯-1-硝基乙烷,以二硫化碳解吸后毛细管柱气相色谱法测定.结果 方法的测定范围为4.0～858.2μg/ml;回归方程Y=283X-1076,相关系数r=0.9999;最低检出浓度为0.4 mg/m3(以采集3L空气样品计);不同浓度测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%～4.1%(批内精密度试验的RSD分别为2.9%、1.8%和2.0%;批间精密度试验的RSD分别为4.1%、3.5%和3.2%);解吸效率为88.5%～90.6%;穿透容量大于0.7 mg;采样效率100%;样品在室温下至少可保存7 d.结论 方法的各项指标均符合GBZ/T210.4-2008<职业卫生标准制订指南-工作场所空气中化学物质测定方法>要求,可用于工作场所空气中1,1-二氯-1-硝基乙烷的测定.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.     

Detection of CYP1A1 gene polymorphism using designed RFLP and distributions of CYP1A1 genotypes in Japanese

Isoleucine (Ile)-valine (Val) polymorphism, which is caused by a point mutation from A to G in exon 7, is reported to be associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer among Japanese. Because CYP1A1 catalyzes bioactivation of environmental procarcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene, it is very important to study the clinical meaning of Ile-Val polymorphism using an epidemiological study. In an epidemiological study, easy, economical, rapid and reliable identification of the CYP1A1 genotype is necessary. The present study shows that the new method, designed restriction fragment length polymorphism (designed RFLP), can detect Ile-Val polymorphism of CYP1A1 The Ile-Val polymorphism detected using this new method was consistent with that found by the allele-specific PCR amplifications (ASA) method in six cases tested. This new method detected Ile-Va1 polymorphism of CYP1A1 using 240 healthy Japanese who lived in the northern Kyusyu region. The frequency of the genotypes was as follows: Ile/Ile, 159 (66.2%); Ile/Val, 65 (27.1%); Val/Val, 16 (6.7%). The frequency of the Ile gene was 0.798 and that of the Val gene, 0.202. There was no difference in Ile-Val polymorphism based on sex or age. Racial differences influenced the distribution of this polymorphism, but Japanese regional differences did not. Since this new method, designed RFLP, is rapid, reliable and suitable for large-scale screening of polymorphisms, it may be used routinely to detect Ile-Val polymorphism of CYP1A1 Furthermore, it will help to evaluate the relationship between CYP1A1 polymorphism and individual sensitivity to xenobiotics that may affect the incidence of lung cancer.     

CYP1A1和CYP1B1基因多态性与RPL易感性

目的 探讨CYP1A1、CYP1B1基因多态性与复发性流产(RPL)遗传易感性关系,为预防和治疗该病提供新靶点.方法 本研究采用等位基因特异性PCR (As-PCR)和聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性(PCRRFLP)方法,针对CYP1A1基因MspI酶切位点和CYP1B1 L432V多态位点,检测81例患有原因不明RPL病例组和98名有生育史健康女性对照组之间差异.结果 RPL组和对照组CYP1A1 MspI位点3种基因型m1/m1、m1/m2、m2/m2分布频率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.335,P＞0.05);CYP1B1 L432V多态位点3种基因型C/C、C/G、G/G在病例组和对照组分布差异有统计学意义(x2=7.467,P＜0.05);2组间C、G等位基因分布差异有统计学意义(x2=9.129,P=0.003);G/G、C/G基因型与C/C基因型比较,RPL危险度分别提高2.620、1.954倍;等位基因G使RPL危险性增加2.038倍.结论 CYP1B1 L432V突变基因型增加RPL发病风险,尚不能认为CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性与RPL易感性有关.     

Protective efficacy of an inactivated Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza vaccine against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses in mice

Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza viruses are prevalent in pigs in Europe and Asia, but occasionally cause human infection, which raises concern about their pandemic potential. Here, we produced a whole-virus inactivated vaccine with an EA H1N1 strain (A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011, SW/GX/18/11) and evaluated its efficacy against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 influenza viruses in mice. A strong humoral immune response, which we measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN), was induced in the vaccine-inoculated mice upon challenge. The inactivated SW/GX/18/11 vaccine provided complete protection against challenge with homologous SW/GX/18/11 virus in mice and provided effective protection against challenge with heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses with distinctive genomic combinations. Our findings suggest that this EA H1N1 vaccine can provide protection against both homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 or H1N2 virus infection. As such, it is an excellent vaccine candidate to prevent H1N1 swine influenza.