14例肺吸虫病误诊为结核的原因及胸部CT表现分析

目的探讨肺吸虫病患者的临床表现、胸部CT特征,分析肺吸虫病误诊肺结核的原因。方法对2011年1月至2015年3月本院收治临床确诊14例肺吸虫病患者的临床及CT系列片影像学表现进行回顾性分析,总结肺吸虫病误诊肺结核的原因。结果 14例患者,有明确流行病学史12例;临床表现:咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛8例;发热、盗汗4例;气促5例;皮疹2例;皮下游走性包块3例。嗜酸性粒细胞分类增高10例。影像学表现:支气管周围炎4例;肺浸润性改变9例,表现为单侧或双侧斑片、条片状影,边界模糊;典型"隧道征"6例;囊状影2例。胸腔积液11例。病灶呈游走性4例。14例患者行血清肺吸虫抗体检查(ELISA法),均呈阳性反应。经吡喹酮治疗后,临床症状明显好转。结论胸部CT在肺吸虫病及肺结核的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值,放射科医师应正确判读肺吸虫病的CT影像学改变,还应重视肺吸虫病各期胸部CT及系列片影像学特点与肺结核的差异。可疑影像学改变应主动询问患者病史、挖掘流行病学史,必要时进行体格检查;最终结合实验室检查,尽可能避免误诊、漏诊。     

18例误诊为肺结核的胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者临床特点分析

目的探讨误诊为肺结核的胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者的临床特征、实验室检查结果和影像学特点,分析误诊原因,为临床医师进行鉴别诊断提供依据。方法收集并分析首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院在2016年2月—2019年2月收治确诊的18例误诊为肺结核的胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者的病例资料。结果 18例胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者的主要临床表现是发热、咳嗽和胸腔积液。此外,5例患者出现腹痛,3例患者出现皮下结节,1例患者出现头痛,18例患者均有明确的流行病学史。15例患者并殖吸虫IgG抗体呈阳性;17例患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞水平升高;16例患者出现胸腔积液,其中左侧胸腔积液4例,右侧胸腔积液5例,双侧胸腔积液7例,胸水均为渗出液;胸部CT见10例患者表现为索条、实变及磨玻璃密度灶,6例出现肺部多发结节,3例出现胸膜肥厚。18例患者使用吡喹酮治疗后均达到临床治愈标准。结论本文通过系统总结18例误诊为肺结核的胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者的流行病学史、临床表现和实验室检查结果,为提高临床医师对该病的鉴别诊断提供依据,避免误诊、误治。     

胸肺型合并脑型并殖吸虫病1例

本文报道了1例疑因食用“嗍螺”引起的胸肺型合并脑型并殖吸虫病病例。该病例有咳嗽、胸痛、呼吸困难、发作性抽搐等临床表现;实验室检查嗜酸性粒细胞增多;胸部CT呈片状高密度影并双侧胸腔积液及右侧气胸表现;头颅CT和MRI呈低密度影和“隧道征”表现;并殖吸虫IgG抗体阳性;经吡喹酮抗虫治疗后病情明显改善。本病例报道旨在提高临床医生对并殖吸虫病的认知和理解,为并殖吸虫病的防治提供参考。     

聚发性肺型并殖吸虫病的早期CT表现

目的探讨聚发性肺型并殖吸虫病的早期CT表现特征。方法搜集两起9例由聚餐生食石蟹引发的肺型并殖吸虫病,均经实验室及临床证实,其中8例在我院就诊,回顾性分析其影像学表现特点。结果 8例均有不同程度的胸腔积液,7例表现为肺内浸润性病变,随机分布于胸膜下,部分伴有月晕征,其中1例灶中可见特征性CT表现"隧道征",2例伴发支气管周围炎。结论 CT检查如发现随机分布的胸膜下肺内浸润性病变或"隧道征",合并胸腔积液,结合生食石蟹等河鲜史,外周血嗜酸粒细胞升高,可提示并殖吸虫病的诊断。     

30例卫氏并殖吸虫病患者临床及影像学特征

目的　分析卫氏并殖吸虫病肺内及肺外临床表现及影像学特征。方法　收集经实验室和临床确诊的30例卫氏并殖吸虫感染病例资料,回顾性分析卫氏并殖吸虫病患者临床及影像学特征。结果　卫氏并殖吸虫病患者肺内症状以胸闷、发热、胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难为主,肺外表现有腹痛、呕吐、腹泻、纳差、消瘦、双下肢乏力、头痛、头昏、癫痫样发作、皮下游走性包块等。30例卫氏并殖吸虫病患者血清或胸腔积液嗜酸性粒细胞计数增加。患者胸部CT异常主要有结节、磨玻璃样变、虫蚀样变、胸腔积液、“隧道”征、“月晕”征等,头颅CT和MRI可见颅内出血灶及大范围“指套样”水肿,腹部CT呈肝脾包膜下蛇纹石样变、“隧道”征样变。结论　卫氏并殖吸虫病以多器官系统受累为特征;CT及MRI示“隧道”征、蛇纹石样变系由卫氏并殖吸虫在颅内、肺内、肝脾内迁移游走形成,是本病的重要影像学征象。     

CT与胸部X线检查对肺结核诊断价值的对比分析

目的对比CT与胸部X线检查对肺结核的诊断价值。方法选择我院2009年12月—2013年12月收治的肺结核患者70例,均行胸部X线和CT检查,分析其胸部X线与CT检查特征表现。结果 CT检查与胸部X线检查对团状影、结节影、斑片、肺叶段实变、胸腔粘连肥厚、胸腔积液、空洞显示率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);CT检查对肺气肿、肺大泡、气胸、支气管透亮影、病灶内钙化、淋巴结钙化显示率均高于胸部X线检查(P0.05)。结论相对于胸部X线检查,CT检查对肺结核的整体诊断价值较高,值得临床推广应用。     

肺诺卡菌病4例报告并文献复习

目的 提高临床医生对肺诺卡菌病的的认识.方法 分析4例肺诺卡菌病的临床特点,并复习相关文献.结果 4例肺诺卡菌病患者2例有免疫性疾病并服用免疫抑制剂,4例均有咳嗽咳痰和发热,3例为午后发热.肺部影像学表现4例肺实变影,3例大小不等的结节影/肿块影并可见空洞.病原学检查标本多种.磺胺治疗效果较好.结论 肺诺卡菌病缺乏特异性临床表现,肺部多发结节影/肿块影并空洞形成是其影像学特点,磺胺是主要治疗药物.     

CT对糖尿病并发肺结核的诊断价值分析

对医院进行CT检查的66例糖尿病并发肺结核患者进行分析,主要分析CT检查的一般情况包括病灶的部位、CT形态以及病灶表现等。结果 66例患者CT检查共发现了96个病灶,最常见的病变部位包括上叶尖后段、下叶背段、右中叶等;66例患者CT检查形态学主要表现为斑片状影、多发斑片状影、结节状影等。66例患者中合并胸水7例,占10.61%;纵隔或肺门淋巴结肿大6例,占9.09%;胸膜肥厚粘连6例,占9.09%;叶支气管局部狭窄或增厚4例;占6.06%。14例形成空洞,包括10例单发和4例多发。66例患者的CT表现呈复杂性和多样性,同一例患者中可同时存在肺结节、肺空洞、肿块、肺实变等多种形态的不同病变,肿块影和检查所见结节的密度不均匀,可伴有钙化影,部分患者可出现边缘强化或轻度强化,4例多发空洞患者CT表现为蜂窝状小空洞,内壁形状不规则。结论对于糖尿病并发肺结核患者采用CT检查可以提高空洞、肺大泡等的检出率,诊断准确率高,能明确支气管、空洞及周围肺组织的关系,具有积极的意义。     

无免疫缺陷者侵袭性气道肺曲霉病的支气管镜和胸部CT表现

目的 探讨无免疫缺陷者侵袭性气道肺曲霉病的支气管镜表现和胸部CT特点.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年8月温州医学院附属第一医院呼吸科收住的6例无免疫缺陷者并发侵袭性气道肺曲霉病的临床资料,复习文献探讨其支气管镜表现和胸部CT特点.结果 6例患者经仔细检查均未发现免疫抑制的基础疾病.支气管镜检查结果均符合侵袭性气道曲霉病,镜下表现以肿块、溃疡坏死或伪膜性气管支气管炎为主.胸部CT早期表现为双肺纹理增粗;病情进展后表现为局灶实变,结节、多个空洞,紧邻支气管分布;也可表现为单个结节.所有患者在行支气管镜检查前均被误诊,曾反复使用抗生素和糖皮质激素.结论 无免疫缺陷者侵袭性气道肺曲霉病的支气管镜表现以溃疡坏死、伪膜性气管支气管炎和气道内肿块为主;胸部CT可见沿支气管分布的渗出实变影,以结节和多个空洞为主;也可表现为单个结节.     

并殖吸虫病患者胸部CT征象分析

并殖吸虫病患者胸部CT征象与病理过程的相关性研究较少。作者等对温州永嘉地区卫氏并殖吸虫病流行区31例卫氏并殖吸虫病患者进行了临床与CT影像观察，了解胸部CT表现特点及演变过程，探讨CT征象与临床病理过程的关系。     

50例并殖吸虫病相关性浆膜腔积液患者临床特征

目的 分析并殖吸虫病相关性浆膜腔积液患者的临床特征，为提高临床诊治水平提供参考依据。方法 收集2015-2017年在西南医科大学附属医院诊治的50例并殖吸虫病相关性浆膜腔积液患者临床资料，进行回顾性分析。结果 50例并殖吸虫病相关性浆膜腔积液患者中，男性35例，女性15例；儿童35例，成人15例；18例有明确疫源接触史。儿童患者中，有呼吸道症状者占68.6%（24/35），有消化道症状者占22.9%（8/35），无明显症状者占8.6%（3/35）。成人患者中，有呼吸道症状者占93.3%（14/15），腹胀者占6.7%（1/15）。血清抗并殖吸虫抗体均为阳性。胸片和CT检查主要表现为肺部炎性渗出、浆膜腔积液。25例（50.0%）患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞（Eos）增高，12例浆膜腔积液镜见大量Eos，7例胸膜刷片见较多Eos浸润。给予引流积液、吡喹酮抗并殖吸虫治疗均治愈。结论 并殖吸虫病临床表现特异性不明显，常合并浆膜腔积液，临床易误诊为结核、恶性肿瘤等。外周血、浆膜腔积液和胸膜Eos增高需考虑并殖吸虫感染可能。     

原发性肺隐球菌病12例临床分析

目的探讨免疫功能无异常的原发性肺隐球菌病患者cT征象及CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检在诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院经病理证实的12例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料。结果（1）12例患者的CT征象均为单肺叶发病,其中单发结节4例,局限性多发混杂的结节和（或）肿块和（或）肺实变8例,此外还可见支气管充气征／小泡征（9例）、空洞（2例）和“晕”征（4例）。（2）9例行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,其中7例病理学确诊。（3）12例患者中7例行手术切除,术后2例行氟康唑治疗,余5例未用药,其中1例术后5个月发生隐球菌性脑膜炎;另5例用氟康唑治疗。结论免疫功能无异常者时有发生肺隐球菌病的可能;肺隐球菌病的临床症状与影像学表现明显不相称;大多数肺隐球菌病的CT主要征象为局限性多发混杂的结节和（或）肿块和（或）肺实变,如同时有支气管充气征／小泡征、晕征,则具有特征性;尽早采用CT引导下经皮穿刺活检将有助于该病的早期诊断;氟康唑治疗该病效果好,有助于预防严重并发症的发生。     

Clinical features in twenty-three patients with paragonimiasis westermani]

We assessed the clinical features in twenty-three cases diagnosed as paragonimiasis westermani from April 1988 to May 2000 in our clinic at Miyazaki Medical College Hospital. Twenty-one patients had eaten wild boar or crab meat. Their symptoms included productive cough, chest pain and hemosputum. The findings of radiography and computed tomography (CT) were nodules, masses, infiltrative shadows and pleural effusion. The percentages of eosinophils in the peripheral blood were elevated in 16 of 23 patients, and the serum IgE values were elevated in 12 of 18 patients. Serologic tests, which are very helpful for diagnostic purposes were performed on the blood sera of all patients, and on the pleural effusions of five patients. It is often difficult to diagnose paragonimiasis westermani in patients in whom eosinophilia or increased serum IgE is not present. However, paragonimiasis westermani should also be considered as a possible diagnosis when abnormal shadows are found in chest radiographs and chest CT.     

Thoracic manifestation of Churg-Strauss syndrome: radiologic and clinical findings

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the radiologic and clinical findings of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and its thoracic manifestations. DESIGN: We used retrospective analysis to review and characterize the radiographic, thin-section CT, and clinical findings of CSS. PATIENTS: The study involved nine patients with CSS. The patients included four men and five women, whose ages ranged from 18 to 60 years (median, 35 years). Thin-section CT scans and chest radiographs were retrospectively analyzed by three radiologists in consensus. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. Histologic samples were available in eight patients. RESULTS: All patients had a history of asthma averaging 28 months (range, 4 to 72 months) prior to the initial symptom of vasculitis and marked peripheral blood eosinophilia (mean peak count, 8,726/microL; range, 3,000 to 32,000/microL; mean differential count, 41%; range, 19 to 67%). All patients had systemic vasculitis involving the lung and two to four extrapulmonary organs, most commonly the nervous system (n = 8) and skin (n = 7). Chest radiographs showed bilateral nonsegmental consolidation (n = 5), reticulonodular opacities (n = 3), bronchial wall thickening (n = 3), and multiple nodules (n = 1). The most common thin-section CT findings included bilateral ground-glass opacity (n = 9); airspace consolidation (n = 5), predominantly subpleural and surrounded by the ground-glass opacity; centrilobular nodules mostly within the ground-glass opacity (n = 8); bronchial wall thickening (n = 7); and increased vessel caliber (n = 5). Other findings were hyperinflation (n = 4), larger nodules (n = 4), interlobular septal thickening (n = 2), hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement (n = 4), pleural effusion (n = 2), and pericardial effusion (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: In CSS, thoracic organs are invariably involved with additional diverse manifestations. The possibility of CSS should be raised in patients with a history of asthma and hypereosinophilia who present with thin-section CT findings of bilateral subpleural consolidation with lobular distribution, centrilobular nodules (especially within the ground-glass opacity) or multiple nodules, especially in association with bronchial wall thickening.     

Radiological and clinical findings in acute and chronic exogenous lipoid pneumonia

PURPOSE: To describe the radiologic and clinical findings in a group of patients with exogenous lipoid pneumonia focusing on features that differentiate the acute and chronic presentations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified 15 patients from a single institution with exogenous lipoid pneumonia 1992-2001. Inclusion criteria were: imaging with chest CT and either CT features diagnostic of lipoid pneumonia or intrapulmonary lipids on pathologic examination. Each chart was reviewed for the clinical presentation, history of ingestion/exposure, predisposing factors, treatment and response to therapy. Initial (n = 13) and follow-up (n = 11) chest radiographs were reviewed for the patterns and distribution of lung parenchymal abnormalities and pleural effusion. Initial (n = 15) and follow-up (n = 7) CT scans were reviewed for lung parenchymal abnormalities (consolidation, ground glass opacities, linear/nodular opacities, masses, and crazy paving), presence or absence of fat attenuation, and pleural effusion. The groups were compared using the Fischer exact test. RESULTS: Nine patients had acute lipoid pneumonia, 7 males and 2 females with a mean age of 45 (range 4.5-81) years. Six patients had chronic lipoid pneumonia, 4 men and 2 women with a mean age of 63 (range 37-83) years. 78% (7/9) of patients with acute and all of the patients with chronic presentations had a known ingestion and/or a predisposing condition associated with lipoid pneumonia. On chest radiographs, consolidation and lower lobe involvement were present in the majority of patients with acute and none of the patients with chronic presentations. On CT, consolidation and fat attenuation were present in the majority of patients with each presentation. However, masses were present in 67% (4/6) of patients with chronic and none of the patients with acute presentation (P < 0.05). 86% (6/7) of patients with acute presentation had improvement on follow-up chest radiograph in contrast to none of the patients with chronic presentation (P < 0.05). 75% (3/4) of patients with acute lipoid pneumonia had improvement on follow-up CT in contrast with 67% (2/3) of patients with chronic lipoid pneumonia who had progression on follow-up CT. CONCLUSIONS: The imaging features of acute and chronic lipoid pneumonia overlap with consolidation and lower lobe involvement present in both groups. However, only the patients with acute lipoid pneumonia had pleural effusions and improvement on follow-up. Only the patients with chronic lipoid pneumonia had pulmonary masses.     

Askin Tumor: CT and FDG-PET/CT Imaging Findings and Follow-Up

The aim of the study was to describe the imaging findings of Askin tumors on computed tomography (CT) and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET/CT).Seventeen cases of Askin tumors confirmed by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed in terms of CT (17 cases) and FDG-PET/CT data (6 cases).Fifteen of the tumors were located in the chest wall and the other 2 were in the anterior middle mediastinum. Of the 15 chest wall cases, 13 demonstrated irregular, heterogeneous soft tissue masses with cystic degeneration and necrosis, and 2 demonstrated homogeneous soft tissue masses on unenhanced CT scans. Two mediastinal tumors demonstrated the irregular, heterogeneous soft tissue masses. Calcifications were found in 2 tumors. The tumors demonstrated heterogeneously enhancement in 16 cases and homogeneous enhancement in 1 case on contrast-enhanced scans. FDG-PET/CT images revealed increased metabolic activity in all 6 cases undergone FDG-PET/CT scan, and the lesion SUVmax ranged from 4.0 to 18.6. At initial diagnosis, CT and FDG-PET/CT scans revealed rib destruction in 9 cases, pleural effusion in 9 cases, and lung metastasis in 1 case. At follow-up, 12 cases showed recurrence and/or metastases, 4 cases showed improvement or remained stable, and 1 was lost to follow-up.In summary, CT and FDG-PET/CT images of Askin tumors showed heterogeneous soft tissue masses in the chest wall and the mediastinum, accompanied by rib destruction, pleural effusion, and increased FDG uptake. CT and FDG-PET/CT imaging play important roles in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Askin tumors.     

云南省儿童并殖吸虫病临床与影像学特征分析

目的 探讨儿童并殖吸虫病的临床表现、实验室检查与影像学表现,提高对儿童并殖吸虫病的诊断能力。 方法 以昆明市第三人民医院 2016 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日确诊或临床诊断为并殖吸虫病的 47 例儿童为研究对象,回顾分析其临床表现、实验室检查及影像学表现资料。 结果 47 例患者中,男性 40 例,女性 7 例,年龄为 4~ 14 岁。 患儿均为云南籍,其中昭通地区 42 例,文山地区 4 例,玉溪地区 1 例。 所有患儿均有生食溪蟹史。 临床常见症状包括发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛及头痛、腹痛等。 实验室检查外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多 46 例,患者免疫球蛋白 IgE 升高 42 例。 影像学检查 43 例有胸腔积液,27 例出现肺实变,其中伴“虫体隧道征”13 例。 结论 儿童并殖吸虫病应根据血常规检查和胸部影像学检查结果,结合患儿流行病史和临床表现进行综合诊断,以减少误诊,做 到早诊断、早治疗。     

Primary pulmonary AIDS-related lymphoma: radiographic and CT findings

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the radiographic and CT findings of primary AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) of the lung (ARLL), and to evaluate percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) in the diagnosis of primary ARLL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven chest radiographs and seven CT scans of HIV-infected patients with histologically proved primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PPL) were reviewed at our institution. All of the patients had fibroscopy with BAL. The diagnosis of PPL was established histologically by means of PTNB (n = 4), open-lung biopsy (n = 2), or autopsy (n = 1). RESULTS: All but one patient had multiple peripheral well-defined nodules of various sizes on the chest X-ray film and CT scan. One patient had a subpleural parenchymal infiltrate and another had a main peripheral mass with spontaneous cavitation. Hilar/mediastinal adenopathies and pericardial/pleural effusion were never associated with the parenchymal abnormalities. Fibroscopy with BAL was always negative. PTNB, done in six cases, was diagnostic in four cases and suggested primary ARLL in two cases. No complications occurred during these procedures. CONCLUSION: After excluding infectious causes, multiple peripheral nodules and/or masses without hilar or mediastinal adenopathies and without pleural effusion are suggestive of primary pulmonary ARL. A specific diagnosis can be obtained by means of PTNB.