宫颈机能不全环扎术的围手术期护理

目的：探讨宫颈机能不全环扎术的围手术期护理。方法：对30例宫颈机能不全的患者实施宫颈环扎术,术前做好心理护理及胃肠道准备;术中用安慰语言鼓励患者,使患者心情平静,注意室温调节;术后加强宫缩抑制剂、抗感染,做好排泄的护理,以免增加腹压,避免过早下床活动;出院时针对不同的个体特点进行针对性的指导。结果：30例宫颈环扎术成功26例,失败4例。随访至出生后1个月,26例新生儿均存活。结论：宫颈环扎术加强围手术期护理,能延长妊娠,对保胎治疗起着重要作用。     

Ultrasonographic differentiation of cervical abortion from cervical pregnancy

Cervical abortion is a spontaneous abortion of a normal intrauterine pregnancy into the cervical canal where the abortus is retained by a closed external os, causing distention of the cervical canal. This entity closely simulates ectopic cervical pregnancy clinically. The ultrasonic findings in four patients with cervical abortion are described and these could alert the physician to the possibility of this condition.     

Transient cervical neurapraxia associated with cervical spine stenosis

A 43 year old woman presented with a history of a hyperextension cervical injury resulting in transient quadriplegia. Cervical spine radiography revealed developmental spinal stenosis and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated underlying spinal cord oedema secondary to contusion, with a herniated disc at C3-C4. The Torg ratio may be used to aid the initial diagnosis of cervical spine stenosis. Indications for operative treatment of these patients are controversial and these patients should receive further expert assessment.     

Sudden cervical pain: spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma

Three cases of cervical epidural hematoma are reported. Acute neck pain usually associated with a mild effort, closely followed by radicular pain and a neurologic deficit below the lesion is the typical presentation of this extremely rare and difficult diagnosis. As prognosis depends on preoperative neurologic state, the authors emphasize the importance of prompt identification of this lesion. The diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography, and emergency neurosurgical laminectomy is mandatory.     

颈型颈椎病的综合治疗体会

目的探讨颈型颈椎病的综合治疗效果。方法对我科自1999年7月至2010年7月治疗的颈型颈椎病96例,分为观察组(综合治疗组)和对照组(药物治疗加休息组)各48例。观察组采用药物治疗、牵引、理疗、较重者颈深丛阻滞。观察两组临床效果。结果观察组治愈率66.7%,总有效率为97.9%。对照组治愈率37.5%,总有效率为77.1%。两组治愈率、总有效率比较,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论正规药物治疗、牵引、理疗、颈深丛阻滞等方法相结合治疗颈型颈椎病疗效满意。     

颈椎曲率指数与颈椎夹角的关系

背景如何正确评价颈椎曲率是脊柱外科医生所关注的重点.近年来,国外学者采用Ishihara法颈椎曲率指数(cervical curvature index,CCI)和颈椎(C2～7)夹角较多.目的通过应用Ishihara指数法与C2-7夹角法测量颈椎曲率,研究两种方法之间是否存在相关.设计以患者为研究对象,观察对比研究.单位北京协和医院骨科.对象2002-07/2003-07北京协和医院骨科收治的颈椎病患者63例,男34例,女29例.方法对63名颈椎病患者的侧位X射线片进行观察测量.主要观察指标主要结局①患者CCI和颈椎夹角.②CCI与颈椎夹角及年龄的关系.次要结局①CCI与颈椎夹角回归方程.②不同性别CCI及颈椎夹角的比较.结果CCI(Ishihara法)平均为10.1(SD,11.6),颈椎(C2～7)夹角平均为17.5°(SD,13.5),两种方法明显相关(P＜0.01).两种指标与患者的年龄、性别无关.结论CCI(Ishihara法)与颈椎(C2～7)夹角呈显著相关.     

多体位颈椎MRI诊断颈椎病

目的 探讨多体位颈椎MRI对颈椎病的诊断价值。方法 对30例临床诊断为颈椎病的患者进行颈椎中立位、过屈位、过伸位MR检查,比较三种体位下颈椎椎间盘突出矢状径指数(SI)的差异。结果 30例中共发现颈椎椎间盘突出92个,两两组间比较,三种体位下SI差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);过屈位椎间盘突出程度最轻,过伸位椎间盘突出程度最重。结论 不同体位下颈椎MR检查显示椎间盘突出程度有所差异。多体位颈椎MRI对于临床选择颈椎病治疗方案有着重要意义,也为研究颈椎病发病机制提供了新的方法。     

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical disc disease

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure proven successful in the treatment of symptoms caused by cervical degenerative disc disease that is unresponsive to conservative therapy. Retrospective studies of patients who have undergone ACDF indicate that this procedure has a high rate of success for relieving symptoms and a low rate of associated complications. This article discusses normal cervical spine anatomy, the pathology of degenerative cervical disc disease, and perioperative nursing care for patients undergoing ACDF. Cortical ring allograft bone grafting and internal fixation with cervical locking plates also is discussed. AORN J 76 (Dec 2002) 998-1008.     

颈前路带锁钢板对单间隙脊髓型颈椎病颈椎曲度及高度的影响

目的通过对单间隙脊髓型颈椎病颈前路减压植骨融合、使用或不使用颈前路带锁钢板内固定的患者术后随访,分析不同术式对颈椎曲度和高度的影响。方法对45例单间隙脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗的患者进行随访12～38个月,平均20个月,其中A组行颈前路减压单纯植骨融合20例,B组行颈前路减压植骨融合+颈前路带锁钢板内固定25例,分别在术前、术后1周内、术后2～4个月、术后5～7个月、术后1年以上拍摄颈椎标准侧位片,测量融合节段颈椎前高、后高、颈椎总曲度、融合节段曲度,分析这些参数在手术前后的变化。结果X线片测量显示,融合节段颈椎前高、后高及节段曲度在术后1周内A、B组在均较术前明显改善,A组分别增加(3.4±0.6)mm,(1.9±0.6)mm,(6.2±8.1)°,B组分别增加(4.1±1.6)mm,(2.2±0.8)mm,(7.1±5.3)°,两组间统计学差异无显著性(P>0.05,t=1.932,1.484,0.420),在术后2～4个月、术后5～7个月及术后1年以上的随访中,A组均有不同程度的丢失,以术后2～4个月尤著,而B组在术后长期随访中无明显丢失,均能较好维持,两组间统计学差异有显著性(P<0.05,t值为2.435～4.701。颈椎总曲度在术后1周内亦较术前明显改善,A组增加(10.4±7.7)°、B组增加(8.1±3.4)°,两组间统计差异无显著性(P>0.05,t=1.364);在术后2～4个月、术后5～7个     

颈椎间盘置换与颈前路椎间盘切除减压植骨融合治疗退变性颈椎病的Meta分析

背景:颈前路减压植骨融合是目前治疗退变性颈椎病手术方案中的"金标准".但是,随着颈前路减压植骨融合技术使用的增加和随访资料的不断丰富,一些不良结果开始暴露出来.近20年来,人工颈椎间盘置换技术在国外和国内逐步推广并广泛应用于临床,文献报道治疗效果令人满意.目的:系统评价颈椎间盘置换与传统的颈前路减压植骨融合治疗退变性颈椎病治疗效果的差异.方法:计算机检索Medline(1966/2009-06),荷兰医学文摘(EMbase1966,2009-06),Cochrane 图书馆(2009年第2期)、Cochrane协作网背痛专业试验数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM 截止2009-06),CNKI(截止2009-06),手工检索中文文献,收集颈椎间盘置换与颈前路减压植骨融合比较治疗退变性颈椎病的随机、半随机对照试验,进行严格的质量评价,利用RevMan4.2.2软件对纳入研究结果进行Meta分析.结果与结论:共纳入15个研究,Meta分析结果显示:颈椎间盘置换与颈前路减压植骨融合术比较平均出血量、手术时间、住院时间及术后并发症差异无显著性意义:术后2年再手术率颈椎间盘置换组低于颈前路减压植骨融合组;手术满意率两组差异无显著性意义;颈椎间盘置换组术后颈部功能异常指数较颈前路减压植骨融合组明显改善,术后SF-36评分改善显著优于颈前路减压植骨融合组;术后手术节段运动幅度颈椎间盘置换组显著大于颈前路减压植骨融合组,术后邻近节段运动范围颈前路减压植骨融合组明显较颈椎间盘置换组增大.但上述结果可能存在各种偏倚,因此需要更多高质量的临床随机对照试验来得出更为可靠的结论.     

The value of intermittent cervical traction in recent cervical radiculopathy

ObjectiveOur objective is to assess the effect of mechanical and manual intermittent cervical traction on pain, use of analgesics and disability during the recent cervical radiculopathy (CR).MethodsWe made a prospective randomized study including patients sent for rehabilitation between April 2005 and October 2006. Thirty-nine patients were divided into three groups of 13 patients each. A group (A) treated by conventional rehabilitation with manual traction, a group (B) treated with conventional rehabilitation with intermittent mechanical traction and a third group (C) treated with conventional rehabilitation alone. We evaluated cervical pain, radicular pain, disability and the use of analgesics at baseline, at the end and at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment.ResultsAt the end of treatment improving of cervical pain, radicular pain and disability is significantly better in groups A and B compared to group C. The decrease in consumption of analgesics is comparable in the three groups. At 6 months improving of cervical and radicular pain and disability is still significant compared to baseline in both groups A and B. The gain in consumption of analgesics is significant in the three groups: A, B and C.ConclusionManual or mechanical cervical traction appears to be a major contribution in the rehabilitation of CR particularly if it is included in a multimodal approach of rehabilitation.     

Spontaneous delivery through a cervical tear without cervical os dilatation

Spontaneous delivery through a cervical tear, provoked by prostaglandin‐induced uterine contractions, was described in a G2P0 woman with a history of cervical dilatation and uterine curettage. This rare complication with potentially serious maternal–fetal consequences can be predicted by an aberrant cervical response to prostaglandins in parturients with previous cervical interventions.     

牵引对颈椎稳定性影响的生物力学研究

目的：探讨不同牵引重量对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法：采用五具意外伤亡的新鲜尸体颈椎标本（Ｃ１～７）先后制成正常和Ｃ５－６椎间盘部分切除的颈椎生物力学模型,运用生物力学电测技术观察不同牵引重量对颈椎稳定时的总体位移和椎间盘位移的影响。结果：７５Ｎ压缩载荷下,切除组比正常组的压缩载荷－位移增加２７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,椎间盘膨出位移增加５９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。牵引下颈椎压缩载荷－位移转向拉伸载荷－位移,其在两组中均随着牵引量的增加而增加。前屈１５度４,６,８ｋｇ牵引下,切除组比正常组的位移分别增加２２％,７％,１７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,椎间盘位移也呈类似变化。牵引后的二种位移增加幅度以４～６ｋｇ时较适度。结论：椎间盘急慢性损伤后,颈椎稳定性下降,对部分颈椎病患者采用轻度前屈位４～６ｋｇ的牵引方法,符合颈椎的生物力学原理。     

Women's lay knowledge of cervical cancer/cervical screening: accounting for non-attendance at cervical screening clinics

An assessment of women’s knowledge of cervical screening and cervical cancer was considered important as up to 92% of those dying from this form of cancer had never been tested. What were the reasons which determined their non-attendance? Issues to be addressed were reactions to invitation, women’s knowledge of screening, and the possible factors which they envisaged as being associated with cervical cancer. Other issues to be considered were practical problems associated with attendance, and preference for the sex and professional status of the health professionals involved; 187 women in a general practitioner practice in Lothian, Scotland were targeted by questionnaire. As with other studies in this field 50% of those contacted were ineligible for a variety of reasons. Seventy-two women completed the questionnaire, providing a mix of qualitative and quantitative data. Although the majority of women felt the invitation to attend screening was clear and easy to understand, there was a lack of knowledge with regard to both the screening itself and the possible causes of cervical cancer. The main ‘causes’ were seen as higher sexual activity among those aged under 37 and smoking and a virus by those over 37. The majority of women showed preference for a female professional to take the smear. Practical problems of time and venue were not considered insurmountable. The main reasons cited for non-compliance were the fear and dislike of the test itself.     

宫颈锥切治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的两种术式分析

目的分析高频电波刀手术（LEEP）和宫腔镜下宫颈锥切术（TCRC）的特点,探讨两种术式治疗宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）的临床效果。方法回顾分析2007年10月至2009年12月在荔湾区人民医院因诊断为CINⅡ～Ⅲ行宫颈锥切的患者122例,其中LEEP55例,TCRC67例,对两组的锥切情况、术后情况等进行比较分析。结果手术时间LEEP组（5.27±1.27）min,短于TCRC组（16.46±4.30）min（P〈0.05）;术后大出血LEEP组多于TCRC组（P〈0.05）;术中出血量、切缘阳性率、切口愈合时间两组差异无统计学意义。此外,TCRC组术中发现子宫内膜息肉5例。结论 LEEP和TCRC均能有效治疗CINⅡ～Ⅲ;而TCRC效果更佳并能了解子宫内膜的情况。     

颈动脉狭窄患者行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的护理

总结了1998年6月-2005年7月85例颈动脉狭窄患者施行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的护理体会。手术前有针对性地制定护理计划,作好危险因素的评估,观察血压的波动范围,加强心理护理。手术后密切观察生命体征,注意有无脑缺血、脑血流过度灌注、血液动力学的不稳定、手术野出血等并发症的发生,开展健康教育和康复训练。做好颈动脉狭窄患者行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的护理有重要的临床意义,有利于提高手术成功率。     

下颈椎不稳症与颈椎病的鉴别诊断

生理载荷下颈椎椎节过度活动或异常活动,并出现一系列临床症状者,称颈椎不稳症,如发生在颈2-3椎节以下称为下颈椎不稳症[1]。下颈椎不稳症临床上并不少见,但因其临床表现复杂多样和临床医师对该病认识不足,误诊率极高。本文收集我院1997年以来误诊的12例下颈椎不稳症,分析如下。     

颈性眩晕患者颈椎退变特征

颈性眩晕是常见临床病症，指椎动脉（VA）颅外段受颈部病变的影响导致血流障碍引起以眩晕为主的临床综合征，其特点是眩晕主要发生于头颈部活动时，病因及机制尚未完全明确，本文应用MRI研究颈椎退变性因素对颈性眩晕的影响。