共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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<正>外伤性脑脊液鼻漏是由于脑膜破裂,脑脊液自颅骨生理或病理的缝隙进入鼻窦或鼻腔,由前鼻孔或鼻咽部溢出的疾病,前颅底骨折常见。大部分急性外伤性脑脊液鼻漏患者可通过非手术治疗自行愈合[1],但仍有少部分患者演变为迁延性鼻漏,时停时漏,其最主要的危害是颅内感染和脑组织的 相似文献
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目的探讨鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术的适应证和疗效。方法对17例脑脊液鼻漏患者,全麻鼻内镜下行脑脊液鼻漏修补术。结果 17例患者,随访0.5~4年,均治愈。结论脑脊液鼻漏经鼻内窥镜修补损伤小,成功率高,并发症少,患者恢复快,值得临床推广。 相似文献
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目的探讨外伤性脑脊液鼻漏的治疗方法和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析87例外伤性脑脊液鼻漏患者的临床资料、治疗方法和效果。结果72例患者经一般保守治疗后2—7d自愈;15例1周内未自愈,后行持续性腰大池放液,9例3~10d停止漏液愈合,6例最后行手术治疗。所有患者出院后随访3~6个月无复发。结论保守治疗是外伤性脑脊液鼻漏的主要治疗方法,而手术治疗要抓住术前准确定位、术中选择合适的颅骨钻孔位置、骨瓣形成后充分暴露漏口、硬脑膜破口与颅骨缺损处仔细分离、术后防止脑水肿等关键点才能要做到修补确切,安全可靠。 相似文献
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目的 探讨源于前颅底骨折的外伤性迟发性脑脊液鼻漏的诊断和治疗。方法 对11例资料完整的前颅底骨折后外伤性迟发性脑脊液鼻漏病例,同时行术前高分辨率螺旋CT(HRCT)颅底骨质薄层扫描三维重建及MR脑池造影(MRC)定位漏口,采用三明治法的筋膜-骨片(肌肉)-筋膜法技术修补漏口。 结果 11例患者漏口定位准确,筋膜-骨片(肌肉)-筋膜法技术修补漏口效果确切。 结论 术前高分辨率螺旋CT(HRCT)联合MR脑池造影(MRC)可以准确定位漏口,去除经颅底骨质缺损处疝出的脑组织,结合带蒂帽状腱膜下骨膜瓣修补重建是脑脊液漏修补成功的关键步骤。 相似文献
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目的 观察鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补手术的临床疗效.方法 将本院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科及神经外科收治的26例脑脊液鼻漏患者按随机数字表法分为试验组与对照组,每组13例;对照组采用传统的颅内修补手术治疗,试验组采用鼻内镜下修补手术治疗,比较两组的治疗效果.结果 试验组一次手术后漏口修补成功的患者有12例,占92.3%;对照组一次手术后漏口修补成功的患者有9例,占69.2%;试验组一次手术后漏口修补成功率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).试验组术后发生并发症的患者为1例,占7.7%,明显低于对照组的23.1%(3/13),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).试验组平均住院时间为(13.5±3.0)d,明显短于对照组的(24.0±4.1)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对脑脊液鼻漏患者采用鼻内镜下修补手术治疗,有效地提高了手术的成功率,改善了患者的症状,并且术后产生的并发症少,值得临床推广应用. 相似文献
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目的探讨侧脑室外引流术在重型颅脑损伤患者开颅术后的作用。方法回顾性分析42例重型颅脑损伤患者的手术方法及治疗效果,按是否行侧脑室外引流术分为开颅去骨瓣加侧脑室外引流组和单纯去骨瓣减压组,分析两组患者的颅内压力正常的时间及预后,对比两组病例的颅内压力正常时间及预后良好率、死亡率及残疾率是否存在差异。结果采用侧脑室外引流术组的颅内压力正常的时间明显较对比组早,预后良好率高,死亡率低。结论侧脑室外引流术有利于开颅术后降低颅内压力,降低患者的死亡率,改善预后。 相似文献
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他克莫司软膏治疗白癜风临床疗效观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的观察外用他克莫司软膏治疗白癜风的临床疗效和安全性。方法对50例白癜风患者每日2次外用他克莫司软膏,每2~4周随访1次,对其临床疗效进行观察。结果50例白癜风患者52处皮损中,有47处出现不同程度的色素恢复,有效率达90%;其中26处皮损色素痊愈或恢复≥50%,显效率为50%。32例进展期白癜风中33处皮损全部有效,18例稳定期中19处皮损有14处有效。治疗过程中仅4例出现轻微的一过性局部反应,其中1例为局部瘙痒,3例为痤疮样皮疹。结论外用他克莫司软膏治疗白癜风安全、有效。 相似文献
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R. Nau H. Desel C. Lassek A. Thiel S. Schinschke R. Rössing H. Kolenda H. W. Prange 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1997,53(3-4):271-274
Objective: The rise of intracranial pressure above the pre-treatment level (rebound phenomenon) is considered, in part, a consequence
of osmotherapeutics penetrating into the intracranial compartments.
Methods: The kinetics of mannitol in the ventricular CSF were studied in 10 patients with cerebrovascular stroke after a single i.v.
infusion of 37.5 g over 15 min.
Results: Maximum mannitol CSF concentrations (mean = 51.1 mg · l−1) were reached 2–12 h after termination of the infusion. Mean t1/2CSF (18.3 h) by far exceeded t1/2S (3.71 h). AUCCSF/AUCS, as a measure of mannitol CSF penetration, ranged from 0.037 to 0.390.
Conclusion: The slow elimination of mannitol from CSF implies a high risk of accumulation in the central nervous compartments after
repeated dosing.
Received: 20 January 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 12 June 1997 相似文献
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van der Marel CD Anderson BJ Pluim MA de Jong TH Gonzalez A Tibboel D 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》2003,59(4):297-302
Background There are few studies describing acetaminophen (APAP) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations in children. This current study was undertaken in children—from neonates to adolescents—in order to investigate age-related changes in the plasma to CSF equilibration half-time (Teq) of APAP.Methods Children (n=41) 1 week to 18 years of age undergoing (semi) elective surgery for placement or revision of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt or insertion of a temporary external ventricular drain received a loading dose of 30–40 mg/kg APAP 1 h before scheduled surgery. Blood and CSF samples for APAP concentration analysis were collected during surgery. In those children with a temporary external drain, blood and CSF sampling were extended into the postoperative period. APAP and CSF pharmacokinetics were estimated using non-linear mixed-effects models. Size was standardized to a 70-kg person using allometric "1/4 power models".Results Median (25–75th percentile) age and weight of the patients included in this study were 12 months (3–62 months) and 10.0 kg (5.8–20.0 kg). Median (25–75th percentile) time between APAP loading dose administration and collection of blood samples and median time (25–75th percentile) between APAP loading dose and collection of CSF were, respectively, 125 min (95–210 min) and 133 min (33–202 min). The population mean Teq, standardized to a 70-kg person, was 1.93 h (CV 43%), an estimate similar to that described in adults (2.1 h). There was no relationship between age and Teq other than that predicted by size. APAP plasma concentrations ranged from 0.0 mg/l to 33.0 mg/l, APAP CSF concentrations ranged from 0.0 mg/l to 21.0 mg/l.Conclusion Size rather than blood–brain-barrier maturation determines Teq changes with age in children. We predict a neonate (3.5 kg), 1-year-old child (10 kg), 5-year-old child (20 kg), 10-year-old child (30 kg) and adult (70 kg) to have Teq values of 0.9, 1, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.93 h, respectively. 相似文献
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目的 观察终池置管脑脊液(CSF)持续引流防治蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管痉挛(CVS)的疗效.方法 将SAH患者88例,随机分2组:对照组(48例)采用常规治疗加腰穿,治疗组(40例)采用常规治疗加终池置管CSF持续引流.结果 治疗组CSF压力和细胞学检查恢复正常时间较对照组快(P<0.05),不同时间痉挛指数及脑梗死、死亡的例数、再血发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05).2组间疗效评价采用出院时GOS评定,结果显示2组间差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 终池置管CSF持续引流防治SAH后CVS疗效确切,能促进神经功能的尽快恢复,减少并发症. 相似文献