An evaluation of buffered aspirin and aspirin tablets in postoperative pain after third molar surgery.

1. Single doses (500 and 1000 mg) of both buffered aspirin and aspirin tablets were compared with placebo in a randomised double-blind trial of parallel design in patients with postoperative pain after third molar surgery. 2. Only buffered aspirin 500 mg provided significant pain relief (P = 0.016) during the 5 h investigation period. 3. A significant correlation (P = 0.004) was observed between overall pain scores after the various aspirin treatments and aspirin esterase activity. 4. Buffered aspirin preparations afforded a slight advantage over aspirin tablets in the control of postoperative pain after third molar surgery. However, the duration of analgesia was short (approximately 2 h). 5. Aspirin esterase activity appears to be an important determinant of the drug's efficacy in postoperative dental pain.     

The efficacy of buffered ketoprofen in postoperative pain after third molar surgery

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the efficacy (time to onset of meaningful pain relief) of single doses of buffered ketoprofen (12.5 mg) and ibuprofen (200 mg) in 180 patients with postoperative pain after third molar surgery. METHODS: 180 adult patients who had undergone third molar surgery under general anaesthesia participated in this study. After dosing, patients recorded their time to meaningful pain relief, pain intensity on both visual analogue scales and verbal rating scales, pain relief and the need for additional analgesia. Pain recordings were made at fixed time points over a 6-h investigation period. RESULT: Buffered ketoprofen (12.5 mg) provided quicker meaningful pain relief than placebo (P = 0.023). For secondary efficacy measures (SPIDS4, SPIDS6, TOTPAR4, TOTPAR6), the buffered ketoprofen was significantly superior to both placebo (P < 0.001) and ibuprofen (200 mg) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the amount of time before taking an escape analgesic was significantly less in the placebo group than both the ibuprofen and buffered ketoprofen groups (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Buffered ketoprofen (12.5 mg) provides effective pain control in the early postoperative period after third molar surgery. This ketoprofen preparation was also superior to ibuprofen (200 mg) with respect to both reducing pain intensity and providing an earlier onset of pain relief.     

The efficacy of ketoprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in postoperative pain after third molar surgery

1 A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of single doses of racemic ketoprofen 12.5 and 25  mg and paracetamol 500 and 1000  mg in patients with post-operative pain after third molar surgery over a 6  h investigation period.
2 Outcome variables included overall pain scores (AUC(0,360  min), maximum pain relief, pain relief at 1  h after dosage and the number of patients taking escape analgesics.
3 Overall pain scores (AUC(0,360  min) were significantly lower for all active treatments when compared to placebo ( P <0.01).
4 Both ketoprofen treatments and patients treated with paracetamol 1000  mg reported significantly greater pain relief ( P <0.01) and a later time to taking escape analgesics ( P <0.01) than patients medicated with placebo.
5 At 1  h after dosage, pain scores were significantly less ( P <0.01) after both doses of ketoprofen when compared with placebo.
6 Single doses of ketoprofen 12.5 and 25  mg, together with paracetamol 1000  mg are effective analgesics for treating post-operative pain after third molar surgery. These treatments provide up to 4  h of pain relief after this surgical procedure.     

The efficacy of locally applied morphine in post-operative pain after bilateral third molar surgery.

1. Recent evidence has hinted at a peripheral site of action of morphine analgesic efficacy. 2. Previous studies by the same authors have developed a model for testing local analgesic efficacy by placing drugs into tooth sockets after third molar surgery. 3. The present studies test the hypothesis of local morphine activity at two dosage concentrations, 100 ng ml-1 and 100 micrograms ml-1 after third molar surgery. 4. No significant analgesic efficacy was found at either dose when compared with placebo.     

Evaluation of bromfenac, aspirin, and ibuprofen in postoperative oral surgery pain

Two hundred forty-one outpatients with postoperative pain after the surgical removal of impacted third molars were randomly assigned, on a double-blind basis, to receive a single oral dose of bromfenac 5, 10, or 25 mg, aspirin 650 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg, or placebo. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief for 8 hours after medicating. Estimates of summed pain intensity difference, peak pain intensity difference, total relief, peak relief, and hours of 50% relief were derived from these subjective reports. All active treatments were significantly superior to placebo, and the slope of the dose-response curve for bromfenac was significant. Bromfenac 5 mg and aspirin 650 mg were equianalgesic; bromfenac 25 mg was slightly more efficacious than ibuprofen 400 mg. Bromfenac 25 mg and ibuprofen 400 mg were significantly superior to the other active treatments. Adverse effects were transient and consistent with the pharmacologic profiles of the medications evaluated.     

正畸治疗中对第三磨牙的考量

<正>第三磨牙的处理一直是正畸医师关注的热点,但对于第三磨牙有不同的认识。在正畸治疗中,正畸医师则必须对患者的综合情况进行分析,然后基于对每一患者最为有利的观     

Analgesic effect of fendosal, ibuprofen and aspirin in postoperative oral surgery pain

The analgesic efficacy of a single 200-mg dose of fendosal, a nonnarcotic, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic, was compared, in a double-blind study, with aspirin 650 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg and placebo in outpatients who had moderate or severe pain after the surgical removal of impacted third molars. Using a self-rating record, patients rated their pain and its relief hourly for up to 12 hours after medicating. Each active medication was significantly superior to placebo. The peak analgesic effect of fendosal 200 mg was similar to that of the aspirin 650-mg standard. Although fendosal's onset of action was slow (3 hours), its effect persisted for 8 hours, substantially longer than that of aspirin. Ibuprofen 400 mg was statistically significantly superior to aspirin 650 mg and fendosal 200 mg for most measures of peak and total analgesia, and its effect persisted for 8 hours. The results of this study raise some questions concerning the comparability of data from studies that employ different criteria for remedication and/or different criteria for the inclusion of data in the analyses of efficacy.     

Evaluation of an ibuprofen controlled-release tablet and placebo in postoperative oral surgery pain

Seventy-four outpatients with postoperative pain after oral surgery were randomly assigned, on a double-blind basis, to receive a single oral dose of a controlled-release tablet (CRT) containing 600 mg ibuprofen, two 600-mg ibuprofen CRTs, or placebo. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 12 hours after medicating. Estimates of total and peak analgesia were derived from these subjective reports. The ibuprofen CRTs (600 and 1200 mg) had manifested an analgesic effect by hour 1 and their efficacy persisted for 12 hours. Comparable effect for the two ibuprofen CRT dosages could suggest a plateau in analgesia at the 600-mg level or a lack of upside assay sensitivity. Duration of effect was longer for the CRTs than we have previously observed with conventional ibuprofen tablets. Adverse effects were transitory and consistent with the known pharmacologic profile of the medication evaluated.     

An evaluation of different doses of soluble aspirin and aspirin tablets in postoperative dental pain.

1. The efficacy of three different single doses (600, 900 and 1200 mg of soluble aspirin and aspirin tablets) was determined in a randomized placebo-controlled parallel study in 140 patients (70 females) with postoperative pain after removal of impacted third molars. 2. Patients treated with soluble aspirin 600 mg, 900 mg, 1200 mg and aspirin tablet 1200 mg reported significantly less pain (P less than 0.01) throughout the investigation period than those treated with placebo. 3. Overall pain scores after treatment with aspirin tablets 600 and 900 mg did not differ significantly from those after treatment with placebo (P greater than 0.05). 4. On a comparative dose basis, soluble aspirin was significantly more potent (P less than 0.05) than aspirin tablets.     

A randomized,double-blind crossover trial of paracetamol 1000 mg four times daily vs ibuprofen 600 mg: effect on swelling and other postoperative events after third molar surgery

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of a 3-day regimen of ibuprofen 600 mg x 4 on acute postoperative swelling and pain and other inflammatory events after third molar surgery compared with a traditional regimen of paracetamol 1000 mg x 4. METHODS: A controlled, randomized, double-blind, cross-over study where 36 patients (26 females, 10 males) with mean age 23 (range 19-27) years acted as their own controls. All patients were subjected to surgical removal of bilateral third molars. After one operation the patients received tablets of ibuprofen 600 mg x 4 for 3 days. After the other operation they received an identical regimen of paracetamol 1000 mg tablets. Swelling was objectively measured (mm) with a standardized face bow and the patients scored their pain intensity (PI) on a 100-mm visual analogue scale. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between paracetamol and ibuprofen treatment with respect to effect on acute postoperative swelling. Swelling after paracetamol on the third postoperative day was 1.8% less than that after ibuprofen. Mean (95% CI) difference between treatments was -0.3 (-4.7, 4.1) mm. On the sixth postoperative day swelling after ibuprofen was 2.3% less than that after paracetamol. Mean (95% CI) between treatments was 0.2 (-2.4, 2.8) mm. There was no statistically significant difference in pain intensity between the paracetamol and the ibuprofen regimen on the day of surgery. The mean (95% CI) difference between the treatments for summed pain intensity on the day of surgery (SUMPI 3.5-11) was 3.31 (-47.7, 54.3) mm. Two patients developed fibrinolysis of the blood clot (dry socket) after receiving ibuprofen while none did this after paracetamol treatment. There was no noticeable difference between treatments with respect to appearance of haematomas/ecchymoses or adverse effects which all were classified as mild to moderate. CONCLUSIONS: A 3-day regimen of ibuprofen 600 mg x 4 daily does not offer any clinical advantages compared with a traditional paracetamol regimen 1000 mg x 4 daily with respect to alleviation of acute postoperative swelling and pain after third molar surgery.     

An evaluation of flurbiprofen, aspirin, and placebo in postoperative oral surgery pain

One hundred sixty-four outpatients with postoperative pain after the removal of impacted third molars were randomly assigned on a double-blind basis, to receive oral doses of flurbiprofen 25, 50, or 100 mg; aspirin 600 mg; or placebo. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 8 hours after medicating. Estimates of sum of pain differences (SPID), peak pain intensity difference (PID), total relief, peak relief, and hours of 50% relief were derived from these subjective reports. All active medications were significantly superior to placebo. Analgesia was similar for flurbiprofen 25 mg and aspirin 600 mg. Flurbiprofen 50 and 100 mg were significantly superior to aspirin for every measure of analgesia except peak PID. There was a significant dose-response regression between flurbiprofen 25 mg and both of the higher dosages. Flurbiprofen 50 and 100 mg did not differ significantly, suggesting a plateau in flurbiprofen's analgesia. The analgesic effect of flurbiprofen was significant by hour 1 and persisted for 8 hours. The frequency of adverse effects was similar for the active medications.     

Oral metamizol (1 g and 2 g) versus ibuprofen and placebo in the treatment of lower third molar surgery pain: randomised double-blind multi-centre study

Objective: To assess the efficacy of metamizol 1 g and 2 g in the relief of pain after surgical extraction of the lower third molar, and to compare the therapeutic effect with that of ibuprofen 600 mg or placebo. Methods: A total of 253 patients aged between 18 years and 60 years who had undergone extraction of the lower third molar (types II–IV) under local anaesthesia, up to a maximum of 108 mg of mepivacaine, were randomly assigned to a single oral dose of a new galenic form (drinkable vials) of metamizol 1 g (n = 75), metamizol 2 g (n = 72), ibuprofen 600 mg (n = 74) or placebo (n = 32). Pain intensity was evaluated by a 100-mm visual analogue scale. To enter the study, a pain level of 50 mm or more was required. The duration of the trial was 1 h. Assessments were carried out at 15, 30 and 60 min after treatment. Results: The analgesic efficacy of metamizol 2 g was significantly better than ibuprofen and placebo with regard to all evaluated parameters. The values of the pain intensity difference at 15 min, the percentage of patients with a decrease of 50% or more on the visual analogue scale at 60 min and the sum of pain intensity differences at 60 min showed metamizol 2 g to be significantly more effective than metamizol 1 g. In general, metamizol 1 g was as effective as ibuprofen 600 mg. The analgesic efficacy of placebo was significantly lower than that of all active treatments. A lower number of patients treated with metamizol 1 g (n = 1) or metamizol 2 g (n = 1) needed rescue medication than those given ibuprofen (n = 7) or placebo (n = 5). No serious adverse effects developed and none of the patients had to leave the study for this reason. Conclusions: The model of the lower third molar, for which the analgesic outcome referred to the first hour after drug administration, demonstrated that the analgesic efficacy of oral metamizol 2 g was significantly higher than that of ibuprofen 600 mg or placebo. Metamizol 1 g and ibuprofen 600 mg showed a similar therapeutic effect. All regimens were as well tolerated as placebo. Received: 6 July 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 6 October 1997     

The analgesic efficacy of diclofenac dispersible and ibuprofen in postoperative pain after dental extraction

Summary We have compared single oral doses of drinkable diclofenac dispersible (50 mg) with ibuprofen (400 mg) and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial in 127 adults complaining of at least moderately severe pain after removal of an impacted third molar. Within 40 min both diclofenac and ibuprofen produced significant pain relief that persisted for 6 h. There were no differences between diclofenac and ibuprofen in analgesic efficacy.     

A controlled comparative study of ibuprofen arginate versus conventional ibuprofen in the treatment of postoperative dental pain

The analgesic efficacy of an arginine salt of ibuprofen was compared to one of the commercially available forms of conventional ibuprofen in a 500-patient clinical trial in postoperative dental pain. Patients were administered a single dose of ibuprofen arginate (200 mg or 400 mg), conventional ibuprofen (200 mg or 400 mg), orplacebo in this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial. Results demonstrated that ibuprofen arginate was a safe and effective analgesia that was superior to conventional ibuprofen in both the amount of pain relief achieved and the time to onset of pain relief. Onset of analgesia, assessed as the median amount of time to achieve meaningful pain relief, was reached after 32 and 31 minutes with ibuprofen arginate 200 and 400 mg, respectively, and 64 and 58 minutes with conventional ibuprofen 200 and 400 mg, respectively (p < 0.05). Patients treated with ibuprofen arginate rated its overall effectiveness higher than those patients treated with conventional ibuprofen. Adverse event profiles were similar across all treatment groups.     

Bilateral surgical removal of impacted lower third molar teeth as a model for drug evaluation: A test with ibuprofen

Summary It was considered that double-blind crossover studies of therapeutic efficacy after acute injury could well be done in patients who required surgical removal of impacted wisdom teeth from both sides of the lower jaw. In the present trial 24 healthy patients received either placebo or ibuprofen (Brufen^®: 400 mg three times daily), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, for 5 days commencing the day before surgery. Treatments were given on the two occasions when impacted wisdom teeth were to be removed from one side or other of the lower jaw. A number of objective and subjective parameters were recorded for paired comparison of the post-operative courses, including swelling, trismus and pain. A mechanical device which allows simple and accurate measurement of cheek swelling is described. On the 1st, 3rd and 5th post-operative days in the ibuprofen group the measured swelling averaged 93, 89 and 82%, respectively, of that in the placebo group; the corresponding -values were 0.35, 0.06 and 0.07. Patients with less swelling after ibuprofen were not always those with a high serum concentration of the drug. Ibuprofen significantly reduced pain on the day of the operation. This may at least partly account for less trismus and the preference of the patients for their post-operative courses with ibuprofen. Examination of various haematological parameters did not reveal any significant difference between the two operations. Subjective scores indicated that neither wound-healing nor bleeding was affected by ibuprofen, nor were any side effects detected.     

下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术后两种服药方案的临床评价

本文就独一味胶囊加甲硝唑与单独用甲硝唑对下颌阻生牙拔除术后预防伤口出血、感染与促进伤口愈合的作用进行了临床比较研究，结果发现，独一味胶囊加甲硝唑对下颌阻生牙拔除术后伤口愈合的显效率明显高于单独使用甲硝唑（P〈0．005），进而表明，独一味胶囊对下颌阻生牙拔除术后预防伤口出血、感染与促进伤口愈合具有明显的疗效。     

封套瓣与三角瓣对下颌第三磨牙拔除术后并发症的影响

目的评价2种不同牙龈翻瓣设计(封套瓣与三角瓣)对下颌第三磨牙拔除术后并发症的影响。方法采用随机、自身对照临床试验设计,选择就诊于天津医科大学口腔医院外科门诊患者52例,一侧采用封套式瓣,另一侧采用三角瓣设计拔除下颌第三磨牙。分别采用VAS评分评价术后疼痛,采用患者主观评价指标评价肿胀程度并测量上、下中切牙距离评价开口受限情况。记录患者术后第1、2、7天的肿胀、疼痛、开口受限情况和术后伤口裂开、出血、感染情况。对2种术式结果进行比较。结果术后第1、2、7天2种翻瓣设计对术后疼痛影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第1、2天三角瓣组面部肿胀较封套瓣组明显(Z分别为2.005、2.017,P<0.05)。术后第1、2天三角瓣组张口受限程度较封套瓣组明显(t分别为2.578、2.410,P<0.05),但第7天2组面部肿胀及开口度方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后疼痛、感染、出血及伤口裂开等不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论封套瓣更有利于术后早期并发症控制,但两者远期预后并无明显差别。     

Naproxen 500 mg bid versus acetaminophen 1000 mg qid: effect on swelling and other acute postoperative events after bilateral third molar surgery

A controlled, randomized, double-blind crossover study, in which the patients acted as their own controls, was carried out to test the efficacy of naproxen 500 mg x 2 versus acetaminophen 1000 mg x 4 for 3 days on the postoperative course following third molar surgery. Acetaminophen reduced the mean swelling on the 3rd postoperative day by 22.4% (p = 0.023) compared to that after naproxen. On the 6th postoperative day, there was 20.9% less mean swelling with naproxen (p = 0.44), although the total swelling measurements were much less than those measured on the 3rd postoperative day. Summed pain intensity (SUMPI3.5-11) on the day of surgery revealed no statistically significant difference between the acetaminophen or naproxen regimen with the exception of 0.5 hours (p = 0.002) and 1 hour (p = 0.009) after first medication when acetaminophen gave less pain than naproxen. Since the drug regimens were different, summed PI for the first acetaminophen dose interval (SUMPI3.5-6) and the first naproxen dose interval (SUMPI3.5-9) was calculated. There was a tendency toward a statistically significant difference in favor of acetaminophen for SUMPI3.5-6 (p = 0.055) but no statistically significant difference (p = 0.41) between the treatments with respect to SUMPI3.5-9. Naproxen was statistically superior (p < or = 0.002) to acetaminophen at 08:00, 12:00, and 16:00 hours on the 1st postoperative day and at 08:00 hours on the 2nd postoperative day, when the pain intensity level was lower than that on the day of surgery. A 3-day acetaminophen regimen reduces acute postoperative swelling better than naproxen on the 3rd postoperative day after third molar surgery but not on the 6th postoperative day when the total swelling is less.     

黏膜下注射不同剂量地塞米松改善下颌第三磨牙拔除术后症状的疗效观察

目的研究不同剂量地塞米松黏膜下注射对下颌第三磨牙拔除术后症状的临床疗效。方法选取2016年8月—2016年11月复旦大学附属中山医院和上海市静安区牙病防治所收治的拔除下颌第三磨牙患者156例,随机分为对照组(53例)、地塞米松4 mg组(51例)和地塞米松8 mg组(52例)。对照组术前于下颌第三磨牙黏膜周围1 cm范围内注射生理盐水。地塞米松4 mg组术前于下颌第三磨牙黏膜周围1 cm范围内注射地塞米松磷酸钠注射液4 mg。地塞米松8 mg组术前于下颌第三磨牙黏膜周围1 cm范围内注射地塞米松磷酸钠注射液8 mg。观察3组的第三磨牙拔除术后症状严重度(Po SSe)量表评分,比较3组的术后肿胀程度和最大张口程度。结果治疗后,地塞米松4 mg组和地塞米松8 mg组饮食、言语、肿胀、疼痛、日常生活评分和总评分明显低于对照组,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且地塞米松8 mg组这些观察指标下降程度明显优于地塞米松4 mg组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,地塞米松8 mg组1级肿胀占比明显高于对照组和地塞米松4 mg组,而3、4级肿胀明显低于对照组和地塞米松4 mg组,3组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1周,地塞米松4 mg组和地塞米松8 mg组最大张口程度明显大于对照组,3组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论黏膜下注射地塞米松可改善下颌第三磨牙拔除术后症状,可减少术后肿胀程度,增加术后1周最大张口程度,且地塞米松8 mg优于地塞米松4 mg,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。