口腔金属材料磁共振成像伪影的实验研究

研究3种口腔常用金属材料在l3种不同头颈部扫描序列中的伪影。测量伪影大小，并进行统计学分析。得出3种金属在相同序列成像中，纯钛伪影最小，硬质钴铬合金伪影最大；相同金属材料，6种自旋回波及快速自旋回波序列产生伪影最小，3种梯度回波序列产生伪影较大，4种平面回波序列伪影最大且使图像变形。口腔金属材料产生伪影与材料类型及成像技术密切相关，通过合理选择金属材料及成像技术得到最佳MR成像。     

新疆阿拉山口口岸2012年入境集装箱空箱卫生状况调查

目的对阿拉山口口岸2012年入境1514个需进行卫生处理集装箱空箱卫生状况和携带微生物情况进行调查分析,为加强入境集装箱空箱卫生检疫及卫生处理工作提供依据。方法对箱内携带垃圾进行分类分析,随机抽取集装箱,对其箱内表面采样,参考国家有关标准,采用显色培养基和生化培养试剂盒做微生物培养、鉴定菌种。结果处理集装箱空箱中,检查结果如下：携带动物尸体集装箱3个;携带动植物残留物集装箱101个;携带生活垃圾集装箱1373个;携带人类或动物传染病病原体集装箱48个;携带病媒生物集装箱37个。微生物检测情况如下：随机抽取处理集装箱空箱采集412份样品,检出金黄色葡萄球菌225株;沙门氏茵20株;大肠埃希氏菌61株;蜡样芽孢杆菌199株;链球菌31株等病原微生物。结论入境集装箱空箱携带垃圾、病原微生物为国际间疫病的传播提供了便利通道,给各国的卫生安全及人体健康带来威胁。应加强阿拉山口口岸入境集装箱空箱的卫生检疫及卫生处理工作。     

L’actualité des rickettsioses

Rickettsiae are strictly intracellular bacteria belonging to the Rickettsiaceae family. They are transmitted by various arthropods species, which are either vectors or reservoirs for the bacteria. The specific association between Rickettsieae and the vector are extensively studied, moreover Rickettsieae associated diseases are part of a continuously evolving field. Nevertheless, some rickettsiosis, such as epidemic typhus, have been described since the 16th century. Emerging diseases related to these bacteria are being investigated as well as new species, the implication of which is not always clear in human pathology when they are discovered. Some of these diseases are benign, others may be potentially fatal. Clinicians must therefore be aware of them. These issues are reviewed.     

Organizational characteristics associated with hospital CEO turnover

Using a Probit regression model, this study examines organizational factors contributing to hospital chief executive officer (CEO) turnover. The study concludes that some organizational environments are more conducive to turnover. Hospitals that are smaller, are on the West Coast, are investor owned, are church related, offer many services, have high service usage, and larger hospitals with female CEOs are more likely to experience turnover.     

HIM jobs of tomorrow

Tomorrow's HIM jobs are arriving today, as technology transforms how we capture, manage, and use information. Following are 11 jobs that represent evolving roles and emerging opportunities. Some are familiar roles with a new twist. Others are new roles, and some are possibilities. All are opportunities for HIM professionals to use their core competencies in new ways and move into positions that have not been thought of as career tracks for HIM.     

Restructuring the health care delivery system

Enormous changes continue to occur in how Americans receive their health care. Hospitals are redesigning their institutions to accommodate their changing delivery patterns. The result: costs are down, inpatient stays are shorter, patients are satisfied, staffs are very, very nervous.     

Obesity in Mauritania: epidemiologic aspects

666 patients are observed at the external consultation of cardiology from january to june 1996: 227 are obese (34.08%), 187 (82.38%) of whom are women, and 40 men (17.62%), the age average of patients is 40.97 years (between 14 years and 91 years) and the weight average is 84.63 Kg (between 61 Kg and 154 Kg). The body mass index is more than 35 (morbid obesity) in 24.67% of cases (22.91% of whom are women, and 1.76% are men. The other risk factors found are: High blood pressure = 72 cases (31.72%) are obese and having high blood pressure 53 (23.35%) of whom female and 19 (8.37%) are male. 104 (23.69%) cases of high blood pressure are lean (9.11% women, 14.58% men). There is a significantly statistic between the two groups. Diabetes: 9 obese patients are diabetic (2.64% female, and 1.32% male. 1.94% of lean patient are diabetic. We notice a significantly statistic differences between the two groups. For other risk factors we find: 1.76% of tobacco dependent patients are obese where as 3.64% are lean. 0.88% of hypercholesterolemia and 0.44% of hyper uricemia.     

Smoking habits in relation to socioeconomic factors

Smoking habits are analyzed by SEG for men and women, aged 15-74. The SEGs are constructed using education and income and here only the middle-class, with three sub-groups, is considered. Over-achievers are more often smokers. There are less quitters and more heavy smokers in this sub-group than among under-achievers. Smoking habits of female over- and middle-achievers are similar to those of male over-achievers. Female and male under-achievers show similar smoking habits. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that socio-economic factors are influential in determining smoking habits.     

骨髓增生异常综合征的诊断分类和治疗

WHO将骨髓增生异常综合征分为六种类型,除保留了FAB分类中的RA、RARS、RAEB三型外,CMML、RAEB-T则不再作为MDS的类型,而分别归于MDS/MPS和AML中,增加了5q-综合征,RCMD、MDS-U.免疫抑制剂、造血干细胞移植为主要治疗方法.     

Layoffs at hospitals: a challenge for health care managers

Like other organizations that are directly impacted by the state of the economy, some hospitals and other health care providers are discovering that staff reductions are realities that heretofore have been rare during recessionary periods. Consequently, health care managers are increasingly required to notify affected workers of layoff and convey to them critical information in meetings that are often fraught with anxiety and anger. Nevertheless, there are steps that the organization's managers can take to ensure that layoffs are addressed in a professional manner that maintains the trust and respect of the workforce.     

The epidemiology of self-perceived fatigue among adults

Psychological and other factors are examined individually and collectively in relation to self-perceived chronic fatigue among a national sample of adults. It is found that the lifestyle variable physical activity and such psychological variables as self-reported depression, anxiety, and emotional stress are highly associated with fatigue and are independently predictive of it. Adults who are physically inactive or who experience any psychological problems are at much higher risk of feeling fatigue than those who are physically active or free from psychological problems. Women are more likely to feel fatigued than men, and heavier women are more likely to feel fatigue than lighter ones. No difference in degree of fatigue was found between heavier and lighter men.     

我国省级区域医疗卫生与经济协调发展的时空演变研究

目的:探索我国省级区域医疗卫生与经济协调发展状况及其时空演变,为医疗卫生与经济增长关系研究提供新思路。方法:借鉴物理学概念及有关成果,构建协调发展评价模型,对我国省级区域医疗卫生与经济协调发展状况进行分析,并运用探索性空间数据分析方法分析其时空演变。结果:我国省级区域医疗卫生与经济协调发展取得了一定进展,各省级区域呈现出"中间重(过渡类较多)、两头轻(协调类、失衡类较少)"的状态,和"东高西低"的阶梯特征;在空间上集聚,高值集聚和低值集聚均比较明显,热点和次热点区域主要集中在东、中部地区,而冷点和次冷点区域主要集中在西部地区。结论:协调发展评价模型适用于区域医疗卫生与经济协调发展研究,为医疗卫生与经济增长协调关系研究提供了新基础。     

The incidence of gynecologic examination in pill monitoring

Gynecological examinations are embarrassing and cause anxiety for many women. Cytological examinations are recommended at the time oral contraceptives are prescribed and during each subsequent year. Higher rates of cervical cancer are observed among those with higher frequency of coitus. Therefore, oral contraceptives users are seen as belonging to a higher risk group for cervical cancer, since a higher rate of coitus is presumed. There is no pressing need for yearly gynecological examinations, if they are too embarrassing. If other factors (e.g. blood pressure, weight) are normal, cytological examinations can be taken every 2 years.     

Patterns of sexual abuse and assault

Patterns of sexual abuse and sexual assault are analyzed from 162 reports involving victims with disabilities. Results suggest that abuse and assault are frequently repeated and chronic, often result in significant harm to the victim, and are rarely reported to child welfare or law enforcement authorities. Many offenses are committed by paid service providers and occur in disability service settings, but other offenses occur in the same situations as sexual abuse and assault of victims without disabilities. Victims are predominantly female and offenders are predominantly male. Charges and convictions are rare. Victims with disabilities often experience difficulty obtaining treatment services that are accessible and appropriate to their needs. Discussion considers a multifactorial, ecological model of abuse and recommends some possible prevention strategies.     

Understanding leukotrienes

The leukotrienes of white cells are powerful pharmacological mediators that are implicated in many immunological reactions. The most powerful effects (bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion) are seen in asthma. The circulatory effects are local, except perhaps in endotoxin shock. Apart from corticosteroids, there are as yet no inhibitors in use in therapeutics.     

新生儿低血糖症91例临床分析

目的：探讨新生儿低血糖的高危因素及临床特点,为临床诊治及预防提供依据。方法：对收治的1254例新生儿进行血糖监测,对91例低血糖症患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：①91例低血糖症中足月儿38例,早产儿53例,小于胎龄儿17例,窒息或宫内窘迫37例,感染26例,母患糖尿病或妊高症8例,喂养不当6例。②有症状22例（24.2%）,无症状69例（75.8%）,血糖越低,越容易出现临床症状。结论：对各种低血糖高危因素的新生儿均应常规监测血糖,早期诊断,及时治疗,可降低新生儿低血糖症及其脑损伤的发生。     

超声成像质量的评价因素及其改善方法

空间分辨率和对比度分辨率是评价超声成像质量的两个关键因素。本文首先详细介绍了这两个关键因素;然后,深入分析了改善超声成像质量的幅度变迹、编码激励和谐波成像方法的工作原理和对图像的改善程度;最后,讨论了超声成像方法的发展趋势。     

Unequal cluster sizes for trials in English and Welsh general practice: implications for sample size calculations

Cluster randomized trials are often used in primary care settings. In the U.K., general practices are usually the unit of allocation. The effect of variability in practice list size on sample size calculations is demonstrated using the General Medical Services Statistics for England and Wales, 1997. Summary statistics and tables are given to help design such trials assuming that a fixed proportion of patients are to be recruited from each cluster. Three different weightings of the cluster means are compared: uniform, cluster size and minimum variance weights. Minimum variance weights are shown to be superior to uniform, particularly when clusters are small, and to cluster size weights, particularly when clusters are large. Where there are large numbers of participants per cluster and cluster size weights are used, the power actually falls as more patients are recruited to large clusters. When minimum variance weights are used the increase in the design effect due to variation in list size is small, regardless of the size of intracluster correlation coefficient or the number of participants per cluster, provided there is no loss of randomized units. When the expected number of participants per practice is low a greater loss in power comes from practices which fail to recruit patients. A method to estimate the likely effect and allow for it is presented.     

Chipping away at health: more on the relationship between income and child health

Low-income children are in worse health than other children are. This paper explores the extent to which insults to health and activity limitations are responsible. In the most recent National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data, low-income children are more likely than other children to have virtually every measured chronic or acute condition and are more likely to be limited by these conditions. Mental health conditions are particularly common and limiting. But the higher incidence of measured conditions and limits does not explain all of the relationships between income and overall health status, which suggests that unmeasured illnesses and injuries are also involved.