前列腺癌单克隆抗体与平阳霉素偶联物导向化疗的体外作用

目的 探讨导向化疗对前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP的体外作用.方法 以葡聚糖为中介体制备抗前列腺癌单克隆抗体7E11C5.3与平阳霉素(PYM)的偶联物,用间接ELISA法测定其免疫活性,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑法测定其抑菌活性.四唑盐法测定其体外细胞毒作用.结果 偶联物中7E11C5.3和PYM的摩尔比为1:54,偶联后单抗的免疫活性降低了10%～20%,偶联物中PYM的抑菌活性为游离PYM的25%,偶联物和游离PYM对体外培养的LNCaP细胞50%抑制浓度分别为(9.41±1.98)μg/ml和(29.92μ7.88)μg/ml.结论 7E11C5.3-PYM偶联物的体外抗前列腺癌作用强于游离PYM.     

应用平阳霉素与单克隆抗体Fab′片段偶联物抑制肝癌生长与肿瘤肝转移

目的　研制一种具有抑制肝癌生长和肿瘤肝转移作用的单克隆抗体Fab′片段与平阳霉素（PYM）偶联物。方法　以胃蛋白酶酶解结合二巯基苏糖醇（DTT）还原法制备单抗Fab′片段;以葡聚糖T-40（dextran T-40）为中介体制备Fab′片段和PYM偶联物Fab′-PYM;用间接ELISA法、2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑 （TTC）抑菌效价检测法,克隆形成法及动物移植性肿瘤模型测定Fab′-PYM偶联物在体外的生物学活性与在小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用。结果　Fab′-PYM与BEL-7402、肝癌22（H22）及HT-29细胞呈免疫学阳性反应, 但与KB细胞无反应;偶联物中PYM的抑菌活性为游离PYM的15%;Fab′-PYM对体外培养的BEL-7402细胞、HT-29细胞和KB细胞的50%抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.02、0.08及0.50 μmol/L;静脉注射10 mg/kg Fab′-PYM偶联物和PYM皮下接种对小鼠肝癌22的抑瘤率分别为86%和62%;腹腔注射,10 mg/kg Fab′-PYM偶联物和PYM对小鼠脾内接种的结肠癌26肝转移的抑制率分别为91%和62%。结论　Fab′-PYM偶联物具有比游离平阳霉素更强的抑制肝癌生长与肿瘤肝转移作用。     

应用平阳霉素与单克隆抗体Fab片段偶联物抑制肿癌生长与肿瘤肝转移

目的 研制一种具有抑制肝癌生长和瘤肝转移作用的单克隆抗体Fab 片段与平阳霉素（PYM）偶联物。方法 以胃蛋白酶酶解结合二巯基苏糖醇（DTT）还原法制备单抗Fab片段。以葡聚糖T－40（ 拒T－40)为中介体制备Fab片段和PYM偶联物Fab-PYM;用间接ELISA法,2,3,5－氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）抑菌效价检测法,克隆形成法及动物移植性肿瘤模型测定F -PYM偶联物在体外的生物学活性与在小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用。结果： Fab-PYM与BEL－7402,肝癌22（H22）及HP－29细胞呈免疫学阳性反应,但与KB细胞无反应;偶联物中PYM的抑菌活性为游离PYM的15％,Fab-PYM对体外培养的BEL－7402细胞,HT－29细胞和KB细胞的50％抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0．02,0．08及0．50umol/L;静脉注射10mg/kg Fab-PYM偶联物和PYM皮下接种对小鼠肝癌22的抑瘤率分别为86％和62％,腹腔注射,10mg/kg Fab-PYM偶联物和PYM对小鼠脾内接种的结肠癌26肝转移的抑制率分别为91％和62％,结论 Fab-PYM偶联物具有比游离平阳霉素更强的抑制肝癌生长与肿瘤肝转移作用。     

三维斑点追踪超声心动图评价阵发性房颤患者的左房功能及其与左室充盈压相关性的病例对照研究

 目的 采用三维斑点追踪超声心动图及左房功能定量软件评价阵发性房颤（paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,PAF）患者的左房结构及功能,并观察左房功能与左室充盈压的相关性。方法 本研究为小规模、单中心、病例对照研究,纳入PAF患者,根据年龄和性别匹配健康对照组。在窦性心律状态下,先后采用三维斑点追踪超声心动图、左房定量分析软件及常规超声心动图评价左房结构和功能。结果 PAF组（n=23）平均年龄（66.2±4.3）岁,73.9%为男性;健康对照组（n=23）平均年龄（64.3±7.5）岁,69.6%为男性。PAF组的左房射血分数（45.2%±8.8% vs. 54.0%±7.0%,P<0.01）、峰值左房长轴应变（16.1%±5.4% vs. 20.5%±6.6%,P=0.01）、峰值左房环向应变（21.7%±10.1% vs. 32.8%±7.6%,P<0.01）、舒张早期左房环向应变（-6.9%±5.8% vs. -10.3%±5.0%,P=0.02）和舒张晚期左房环向应变（-14.6%±9.2% vs. -22.1%±7.2%,P=0.01）均显著低于对照组,以上差异与通过二尖瓣多普勒血流早期充盈速度（E峰）、通过二尖瓣多普勒血流晚期充盈速度（A峰）、E峰/A峰比值（E/A）及通过二尖瓣多普勒血流早期充盈速度/室间隔心肌运动速度与侧壁心肌运动速度的平均值（E/e’）差异无相关性。PAF组的左房最大容积［（52.1±14.1）mL vs.（45.3±11.9）mL,P=0.05］、左房最小容积［（29.3±8.7）mL vs.（21.4±6.6）mL,P<0.01］和左房收缩前容积［（43.1±12.4）mL vs.（35.3±9.2）mL,P=0.01］均显著高于健康对照组,与E/A相关（r=0.54,P=0.02;r=0.56,P=0.01;r=0.61,P=0.01）。PAF组的左房最大容积指数高于健康对照组（29.4±7.4 vs. 26.0±6.6,P=0.09）,与E峰及E/e’相关（r=0.47,P=0.03;r=0.43,P=0.05）。结论 三维斑点追踪超声心动图可以全面评价PAF患者的左房形态及功能：与健康对照组相比,PAF患者的左房容积明显增加,左房射血分数明显下降,左房纵向和环向变形能力减弱。左房容积参数与左室充盈压变化显著相关。     

急性心脑血管血栓性疾病患者血浆FⅦ：C、FⅧ：C、凝血酶原及纤维蛋白原的变化

目的检测凝血因子Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ的活性,研究其在急性心脑血管血栓性疾病中的变化.方法分别采用凝血活酶时间、部分凝血活酶时间、发色底物法及凝血酶时间法测定了急性心肌梗死(AMI)和急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)病人血浆FⅦC、FⅧC、凝血酶原及纤维蛋白原相对活性.结果AMI病人血浆FⅦC为98.3%±36.7%,与青年组的104.0%±29.4%和老年组的114.9%±23.6%比较无明显差异(P值均＞0.05),而AIS病人为152.9%±30.3%,较青年组和老年组显著升高(P值均＜0.001).AMI病人血浆FⅧC为234.2%±57.9%,明显高出青年组的101.2%±32.6%和老年组的116.4%±35.7%(P值均＜0.001).但AIS病人FⅧC±为85.5%±32.6%,低于老年组(P＜0.05).AMI和AIS病人血浆凝血酶原活性分别为130.2%±¨.7%和128.0%±29.4%,高于青年组的108.0%±7.7%(P＜0.001和0.01)和老年组的106.1%±19.4%(P值均＜0.001).AMI和AIS病人血浆纤维蛋白原活性分别为207.2%±53.0%和174.3%±28.5%,二者均显著高于正常青年组的103.3%±¨.6%(P值均＜0.001)和老年组的143.8%±16.8%(P＜0.001和0.01).结论AMI病人FⅧC增高,AIS病人FⅧC增高;二者血浆凝血酶原和纤维蛋白原活性均高于正常水平.     

肝素结合性表皮生长因子对系膜细胞己糖激酶活性的自分泌调节

目的探讨肝素结合性表皮生长因子（HB-EGF）对系膜细胞己糖激酶（HK）活性的自分泌调节作用。方法以SV40MES13系膜细胞株为细胞模型，使用6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶偶联比色法检测HKs活性；观察外源性HB-EGF、佛波酯（PMA）条件培养液和EGF受体阻断剂Genistein对系膜细胞HKs活性的影响。结果外源性HB-EGF和PMA条件培养液均以时间和剂量依赖方式诱导系膜细胞HKs活性。在12h时诱导活性最大，分别增加了64.8%±7.1%（P<0.01）和67.3%±5.7%（P<0.01）；当HB-EGF浓度为10nmol/L和PMA条件培养液浓度为100%时，诱导活性最大，分别增加了50.8%±5.0%（P<0.01）和57.0%±7.7%（P<0.01）。HB-EGF受体阻断剂(酪氨酸蛋白激酶阻断剂)可阻断两者对HKs活性的诱导作用。结论HB-EGF以自分泌/旁分泌的形式诱导系膜细胞HK活性，可能参与了糖尿病肾病的糖代谢异常过程。     

细胞外信号调节激酶在不同转移性人前列腺癌细胞中被激活的调节机制

目的　探讨不同转移潜能的人前列腺癌细胞中与增殖分化密切相关的细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）信号传导途径被激活的机制。方法　用细胞计数及MTT法检测外源性P2嘌呤受体激动剂ATP对人前列腺癌细胞PC-3M亚系1E8（高转移）和2B4（低转移）体外生长的影响。用特异性识别双磷酸化ERK1/2（p44/p42）的抗体及蛋白质印迹方法,检测细胞经ATP作用后ERK1/2的活化情况并研究其调节机制。结果　ATP可明显抑制1E8和2B4细胞的体外生长,第6和第8天的抑制率分别为1E854％和59％;2B467％和39％。ATP可激活1E8和2B4细胞内的ERK1/2激酶。ATP诱导的ERK1/2活化可被P2嘌呤受体拮抗剂苏拉明抑制,抑制率1E882%±9％;2B481%±6％。ERK1/2上游激酶MEK抑制剂PD98059可有效抑制ATP对ERK1/2的激活,抑制率1E894%±4％;2B491%±4％。ATP对ERK的激活受到G蛋白活性调节剂PTX的抑制,抑制率1E850%±3％,2B451%±4％。ATP对1E8细胞ERK1/2的激活水平高于2B4细胞。两种细胞对蛋白激酶C活性调节剂TPA作用的反应性不同。结论　不同转移性的人前列腺癌细胞亚系对外源性ATP激活ERK1/2信号传导通路的反应性间存在差异,提示肿瘤转移受到不同信号传导机制调节。     

载阿霉素混合胶束的制备及制剂工艺优化

目的制备载阿霉素（DOX）的混合胶束,并优化其冻干制剂工艺。方法以TPGS-甘草次酸偶联物（TG偶联物）和TPGS修饰的羧甲基壳聚糖-大黄酸偶联物（TCR偶联物）为混合胶束载体材料（TCR-TG）,利用透析法制备载DOX的混合胶束（DOX/TCR-TG胶束）,以载药量、包封率、粒径为评价指标,考察TG偶联物和TCR偶联物的投料比、DOX与TCR-TG的投料比,确定DOX/TCR-TG胶束最佳制备工艺。考察冻干保护剂的种类及用量,确定DOX/TCR-TG胶束的最佳冻干工艺。结果 DOX/TCR-TG胶束平均粒径为（121.3±8.49）nm,PDI为（0.21±0.02）,Zeta电位为（-21.9±0.2）mV,载药量为（31.22±3.19）%,包封率为（62.59±6.39）%,其中TG偶联物和TCR偶联物最佳投料比为1∶2,DOX和TCR-TG的最佳投料比为1∶1.7,DOX/TCR-TG混合胶束冻干制剂的最佳保护剂为0.1%甘露醇。结论 TG偶联物与TCR偶联物形成的混合载体材料包载DOX,可制备成载药量和包封率较好,粒径分布均匀,形态圆整的聚合物胶束制剂。     

不同雌激素水平对大鼠血管内皮细胞功能及血管内皮细胞粘附分子1表达的作用

目的研究雌激素对雌鼠肺血管内皮细胞功能及血管内皮细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)表达的调节。方法（1）雌性SD大鼠24只分为假手术组、去势组、治疗组,采用放射免疫法检测血清中内皮素、前列环素的含量,铜-镉还原法测定血清中一氧化氮的产量。放射配体结合法检测肺血管内皮细胞中雌激素受体含量。（2）正常雌鼠肺培养的第2代血管内皮细胞,按不同浓度17-β雌二醇(17-βE2)分为A组（对照）、B组（3×10-8mol/L17-βE2）、C组（3×10-7mol/L17-βE2）;D组（3×10-6mol/L17-βE2）、E组（3×10-6mol/L17-βE2+3×10-6mol/L他莫西芬）处理48h,白细胞介素-1β作用后流式细胞仪分别检测各组VCAM-1表达量。结果(1)去势组雌鼠血中一氧化氮（18μmol/L±8μmol/L）、前列环素（8.5pg/ml±2.5pg/ml）均降低,治疗组二者水平明显升高（31μmol/L±7μmol/L,P<0.05;10.9pg/ml±3.4pg/ml）,而内皮素含量变化则相反（170pg/ml±39pg/ml;100pg/ml±32pg/ml,P<0.05）。(2)去势组雌鼠血管内皮细胞中雌激素受体含量(fmol/106cell）显著降低（6.7±0.5),治疗组雌激素受体含量维持在高水平（17.6±1.2,P<0.01）。(3)白细胞介素-1β作用后A组表达VCAM-1细胞百分率明显增高（17.5%±1.5%）,B、C、D组表达VCAM-1细胞百分率显著降低（15.4%±1.42%、12.4%±0.34%、8.7%±0.27%,P<0.01）。结论雌激素水平可明显影响雌鼠血管内皮细胞内皮素、一氧化氮、前列环素的分泌,并可影响雌鼠血管内皮细胞中雌激素受体含量。雌二醇均可降低白细胞介素-1β诱发的雌鼠血管内皮细胞VCAM-1表达增高。     

白蛋白对近端肾小管上皮细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

 【目的】探讨白蛋白对近端肾小管上皮细胞（PTCs）增殖与凋亡的影响。【方法】用不同剂量（0．1，0．5，1，5，10，30mg／mL）去脂牛血清白蛋白（dBSA）超载体外培养的NRK52E，dBSA 0mg／mL作为对照。细胞增殖活性用MTS比色法检测和显微镜观察。细胞凋亡检测：荧光染料DAPI染核，DNA梯带实验，原位末端标记（TUNEL）实验和苔盼蓝染色计数。【结果】高剂量dBSA超载未完全融合NRK52E细胞144h后细胞变得更密集。MTS比色结果发现，高剂量dBSA（5、10、30mg／mL）超载可明显诱导NRK52E细胞增殖，增殖活性分别为（0．700±0．045）A、（1．021±0．029）A和（1．273±0．173）A，较对照细胞（0．441±0．020）A显著升高，P均〈0．05。高剂量dBSA超载的NRK52E细胞，有较多出现核碎裂和核固缩，有较强DNA梯带和原位末端标记信号。苔盼蓝染色计数发现，高剂量dBSA（5、10、30mg／mL）超载NRK52E细胞72h的死亡细胞数[（680000±28618）／mL，（970000±52915）／mL和（1132500±88954）／mL较对照的死亡细胞数[（312500±28395）／mL]显著升高，P均〈0．05；而且死亡细胞数呈剂量依赖性。【结论】白蛋白超载NRK52E细胞既可诱导细胞增殖，又可诱导细胞凋亡。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.