心理弹性(resilience)研究综述

弹性（resilience）日益为心理学界所关注，已经成为心理学的一个重要研究领域。文章追溯了弹性研究的渊源，介绍了众多研究者对于弹性的认识，回顾了弹性领域研究的进展情况，对以往的研究进行了评价，对以后的研究进行了展望。     

我国少数民族群体心理健康的研究进展

我国是多民族国家,维护各民族的团结发展是国家的重要任务。少数民族多生活在边疆和文化经济发展相对落后的地区,处于相对弱势地位。由于经济、文化和地域等的差异,少数民族心理呈现出与汉族不同的特点。关注少数民族群体,探讨其心理健康及维护,对促进各民族的全面发展、保持国家的安定团结,促进社会的和谐发展具有十分重要的现实和理论意义。因此,本文对近年来我国少数民族群体心理健康的研究进行综述,以了解少数民族群体心理健康状况、心理健康影响因素和教育干预措施等方面的研究现状,为少数民族群体心理健康的研究提供参考。     

内疚和羞耻关系研究进展及未来展望(综述)

内疚（guilt）（guilt在汉语中有不同的译法。如内疚、负疚感、负罪感、罪感等。为避免不同的译法可能产生的概念理解上的混淆，同时也为与“羞耻”一词相对应，本文沿用“内疚”的译法）和羞耻（shame）关系的研究是最近十多年来国外心理学界研究的热点课题。作为人类高度社会化的负性自我道德情感体验，内疚和羞耻既是个体对自身经历的不良事件进行评价和认知的产物，同时也是影响个体后续行为的重要因素，而且它们都与个体的身心健康和社会化的发展有着非常密切的关系。     

网络成瘾研究进展(综述)

中国互联网发展状况统计报告中显示,截止1997年我国的上网用户数为62万,而到了2004年则增加到8700万。短短7年中,“触网”人数就有了如此惊人的增长,可见互联网对于人们来讲是极具吸引力的。然而像其它科学发明一样,随着互联网的迅速发展和普及,它带来的消极影响也慢慢显露出来。一些用户在享受网络带来的便利的同时,渐渐沉迷于网络的虚拟空间中不能自拔,进而在学习、工作、生活等方面产生了一系列的问题。由于这样的人群不断扩大,这种现象引起了心理学家的重视,称之为“网络成瘾”。从二十世纪九十年代中期起,很多心理学家对网络成瘾这一现…     

中外军人心理健康比较研究进展

了解军人心理健康的现状、特点和影响因素,是保障军人心理健康的有效途径。本文以地域环境、军兵种、性别、受教育水平作为分析维度,通过文献分析和内容分析,对中外军人心理健康特点进行了比较分析,总结出中外军人心理健康的影响因素。并在此基础上,对我国军人心理健康研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

人格特征基因研究进展(综述)

人格心理学的特质理论研究者认为,人格特质或特征(traits)是构成人格的基本单元,它描述了人的功能上广泛的规律性,表现为一致的相互关联的行为模式[1]。这些人格特征的发展不仅受到环境的影响,也受到遗传因素的重要影响,Pervin认为人格的总体遗传率大约在40%左右[1]。因此,阐明     

2010—2020年国内大学生心理健康研究进展

近十年以来我国大学生心理健康引起国家、高校重视,相关研究也取得一定成就.在中国期刊全文数据库中以"大学生心理健康"为主题,时间限定在2010年1月1日至2020年12月31日查找相关期刊共搜到14453篇文献,其中核心期刊和《中文社会科学引文索引》(CSSCI)搜寻结果1358篇.本研究通过对心理健康标准、大学生心理健...     

城市流动人口抑郁症状现况调查

目的:了解流动人口抑郁现状及相关因素。方法:采用分层非随机抽样的方法,于2010年7月-9月调查北京市海淀区从事建筑、餐饮、公共场所服务(包含洗浴、美容美发)等行业流动人口1483人。使用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对抑郁症状进行评定,抑郁评分≥16分界定为有抑郁症状。采用自编问卷调查流动人口社会人口特征和劳动就业情况。结果:流动人口抑郁症状检出率16.5%,未婚者的抑郁发生率(20.7%)高于已婚者(9.0%)。多因素分析显示与流动人口抑郁相关的因素有性别[OR=2.31,95%CI(1.16-4.63)]、婚姻[OR=1.94,95%CI(0.93-4.06)]、职业[OR=3.03,95%CI(1.30-7.05)]、是否主动寻求健康知识[OR=2.45,95%CI(1.28-4.72)]、工作环境中是否存在有害健康因素[OR=2.52,95%CI(1.29-4.92)],男性、未婚者、服务类职业、非主动寻求健康知识者、工作环境中存在有毒有害因素者发生抑郁的危险性更高。结论:流动人口抑郁发生与多因素相关,本研究结果提示今后针对流动人口抑郁相关因素研究可以从社会支持、职业、工作条件、健康知识培训等角度进行更深入探讨。     

饮酒期望研究进展(综述)

饮酒期望研究为成瘾行为研究提供了新的视角。从心理学角度探讨饮酒行为的原因，对酗酒行为矫正具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。本文综述了饮酒期望的研究及进展，介绍了饮酒期望的概念和结构，从心理测量学和认知心理学两个角度介绍了饮酒期望的模型及其特点。     

外军军人心理健康研究进展

军队职业的特殊性对军人的心理素质提出了更高的要求。近年来 ,部队的心理卫生工作日益得到重视 ,国内对军人的心理健康状况的调查和研究也日渐增多 ,研究的内容主要集中于对不同的军兵种 ,不同的作业任务环境下的军人群体的心理健康情况及心理特征进行分析和描述。研究内容还比较局限 ,研究方法和手段也相对比较单一。本文综述了近年来国外对军人心理健康研究的有关内容 ,旨在为我们进一步开展军人心理健康研究提供借鉴和有所启发。1、军事应激的研究 :军事应激包括战时心理应激和平时心理应激。国外对军事医学心理应激方面的研究较多 ,如…     

反刍思维与心理健康(综述)

研究者对心理健康的见解众说纷纭,一般而言,如果个体较少体验到抑郁、不愉快等负性情绪,可以自我控制某些行为,能够从社会支持系统中寻找帮助,进而有效地进行问题解决,体验到幸福感,我们就认为他是心理健康的。心理健康是多方面因素相互作用的结果,影响个体心理健康的主要因素可分为环境因素和个体因素,前者诸如家庭     

深圳移居者心理健康水平及有关因素的初步研究

以 SCL—90总症状指数为指标,发现深圳移居者的心理健康水平高于原当地居民。影响移居者心理健康的主要因素是:(1)过去一年里经历的负性生活事件;(2)在深圳居住时间;(3)对工作满意的程度;(4)对移居的态度;(5)移居后的社会支持水平。     

Ghanaian migrants in The Netherlands: General health,acculturative stress and utilization of mental health care

Ghanaians are a relatively unknown migrant group in the Netherlands. Due to a plane crash in a densely populated suburb of Amsterdam, the Ghanaian population in 1992 suddenly became a “hot item” in national media. It was assumed that they would be a group at risk: many Ghanaians were either directly or indirectly victims of this disaster. Moreover, Ghanaians were assumed to be unfamiliar with the Dutch society and the health care system.A study was conducted using self-report questionnaires to investigate mental health and help-seeking orientation. Findings show that migration factors, acculturative stress, and legal status have an impact on health status.However, Ghanaians do not report more health problems than the Dutch norm group. Furthermore, results indicate that the help-seeking orientation of the Ghanaians differs less from the Dutch than was supposed: the Ghanaian participants consult clergy and traditional healers for their problems as well as the regional ambulatory mental health care center. Satisfaction with the services provided was seen to be quite high. However, more practical help with regard to financial problems and housing facilities is wanted. Implications for improving the mental health care system for migrants and ethnic minorities are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A conceptual paradigm for understanding culture's impact on mental health: the cultural influences on mental health (CIMH) model

Understanding culture's impact on mental health and its treatment is extremely important, especially in light of recent reports highlighting the realities of health disparities and unequal treatment. This article provides a conceptual paradigm for understanding how culture influences six mental health domains, including (a) the prevalence of mental illness, (b) etiology of disease, (c) phenomenology of distress, (d) diagnostic and assessment issues, (e) coping styles and help-seeking pathways, and (f) treatment and intervention issues. Systematic interrelationships between each of these domains are highlighted and relevant literature is reviewed. Although no one model can adequately capture the complex facets of culture's influence on mental health, the Cultural Influences on Mental Health (CIMH) model serves as an important framework for understanding the complexities of these interrelationships. Implications for clinical research and practice are discussed.     

Policy perspectives on public health for Mexican migrants in California

This analysis focuses on public policies that affect primary HIV prevention and access to HIV care for Mexican migrants residing in California. Policy or structural level interventions, as opposed to behavioral or psychologic interventions, help to shape the environment in which people live. We use a conceptual model for policy analysis in public health to understand better the challenges faced by Mexican migrants. We assess potential policy level interventions that may serve as barriers to or facilitators of primary HIV prevention and care for Mexican migrants. Among potential barriers, we discuss restrictions on public health services based on legal immigration status, limits placed on affirmative action in education, and laws limiting travel and immigration. Under potential facilitators, we discuss community and migrant health centers, language access laws, and the use of community-based groups to provide prevention and treatment outreach. We also report on the limited research evaluating the implications of these public policies and ways to organize for more responsive public policies.     

骨组织疲劳损伤的生物力学研究概述

骨组织是人体重要的承重器官,具有力学适应性,在疲劳载荷作用下会出现疲劳损伤,常见于运动员长跑、新兵训练以及老年人的日常活动,主要表现为骨组织显微裂纹的萌生、扩展,力学性能下降甚至是应力性骨折,危害很大。骨组织的疲劳损伤存在于包括超显微结构、显微结构和组织宏观的各个层面,皮质骨中的抗疲劳结构(骨单元)及内部的细胞成分(主要为骨细胞)对抵抗疲劳损伤、识别显微裂纹以及诱导后续定向骨重建过程具有重要作用。总结相关研究结果与结论有助于系统了解骨组织疲劳损伤行为及相应识别修复过程,同时也为后续骨组织疲劳损伤预防及治疗等临床研究工作的开展提供参考和方向。     

The importance of ethnic similarity in the therapist‐patient dyad among Surinamese migrants in Dutch mental health care

Empirical evidence is equivocal on whether ethnic matching in the therapist‐patient dyad is preferred by ethnic minority patients and whether it leads to treatment satisfaction. The aim of this study was to establish the importance of ethnic similarity in mental health care among Surinamese migrants in the Netherlands. A convenience sample of Surinamese out‐patients in community mental health care (N = 96) was interviewed. Data were analysed using logistic multivariate techniques. The majority of the Surinamese out‐patients (in particular recently residing participants) rated ethnic matching as relevant; a considerable minority considered compassion and expertise to be more relevant than ethnic background. Most out‐patients reported to be satisfied with the services, especially females and respondents treated by an ethnically similar therapist. Ethnic similarity in the patient‐therapist dyad is a strong predictor for satisfaction with mental health care services. However, although it is preferred by many, ethnic matching per se is no must ‐ empathy, expertise and world view sharing are reported to be of considerable importance as well.     

Positive results from outpatient mental health intervention

Collected data on 3,342 outpatients over 2 years. A 4-year follow-up of successful outcomes was conducted on each of the cases. Hospitalized patients showed a 30% success rate. The success rate for the group that was recommended for no treatment was 60%. The success rate for patients who completed outpatient treatment increased to 78%. A patient's expectation of outcome, the clinician's assessment of reason for referral, the diagnosis, and age were the most powerful predictors of success. These findings demonstrate the following: (a) procedures for assessment and intervention can be successful; and (b) a significant portion of the population can be served by intervention with proper selection.     

Implication of receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) in pulmonary health and pathophysiology

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a membrane bound receptor and member of the immunoglobulin super family and is normally present in a highly abundant basal level expression in lung. This high expression of RAGE in lung alveolar epithelial type I (ATI) cells is presumably involved in the proliferation and differentiation of pulmonary epithelial cells. However, typically higher than basal level expression of RAGE may indicate the existence of severe pathophysiological condition in lung, e.g. acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). During pulmonary tissue injury an endogenous secretory isoform of RAGE called EsRAGE is noticed at high levels in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and plasma. Recently, a soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) produced by recombinant gene technology was shown to exhibit a therapeutic potential in experimental animal models. Detailed study of RAGE in the pulmonary tissues will facilitate the understanding of the importance of RAGE signaling in the pulmonary health and pathophysiology.     

湖南某高校2005-2008届新生心理健康状况

目的:探讨大学新生心理健康状态的变化趋势。方法:方便抽取湖南某高校2005-2008届大学新生17415人(各届分别为4342人、4503人、4147人、4423人),采用教育部编制的中国大学生心理健康量表(ChineseCollegeStudentsMentalHealthScale,CCSMHS)对不同界新生心理健康状态进行分析。结果:(1)四届新生CCSMHS维度得分差异有统计学意义(均P0.05,Cohen'sd=0.05～0.213),躯体化、依赖维度分逐年下降;焦虑、抑郁、社交攻击、性心理障碍、偏执、冲动和精神病性倾向维度分逐年上升;自卑、强迫维度分前三届逐年下降,2008届又开始回升。(2)不同届新生CCSMHS维度得分表现出不同的性别和专业差异(均P0.05,Cohen'sd=0.03～0.19)。2005届男生社交退缩、性心理障碍、冲动维度分及2006届男生性心理障碍、偏执维度分均高于相应年级女生,2007届女生的性心理障碍维度分及2008届女生躯体化、抑郁、自卑、社交攻击、性心理障碍、冲动维度分均高于相应年级男生。2005届文史生躯体化、抑郁、社交攻击、偏执、依赖维度分高于相应年级理工生;2007届理工生焦虑、社交退缩、社交攻击、性心理障碍、偏执维度分高于相应年级文史生。2008届理工生社交退缩、社交攻击、性心理障碍、依赖维度分高于相应年级文史生;(3)不同届来自不同地区及是否独生子女大学新生的CCSMHS维度得分差异有统计学意义(均P0.05,Cohen'sd=0.03～0.32)。来自农村地区的新生,2005届、2007届除社交攻击、偏执维度外,2006届除社交攻击、冲动维度外,2008届除躯体化、社交攻击、偏执维度外,其他维度分均高于来自城市的相应届的新生。2005、2006届非独生子新生除攻击、偏执、冲动外,2007届非独生子新生除躯体化、偏执、强迫外,其他维度分均高于相应年级独生子新生;2008届非独生子新生自卑、社交退缩、社交攻击、性心理障碍维度分均高于独生子新生,而偏执、冲动维度分均低于独生子新生。结论:湖南某高校2005-2008届新生心理健康状况随着时间的发展而变化,但其变化幅度不大。不同性别、不同专业、来自不同地区、是否独生子女新生的心理健康状况随着时间的发展,表现出不同的差异,但差异均不大。