In vivo cardiac imaging of adult zebrafish using high frequency ultrasound (45-75 MHz)

The zebrafish has emerged as an excellent genetic model organism for studies of cardiovascular development. Optical transparency and external development during embryogenesis allow for visual analysis in the early development. However, to understand the cardiovascular structures and functions beyond the early stage requires a high-resolution, real-time, noninvasive imaging alternative due to the opacity of adult zebrafish. In this research, we report the development of a high frequency ultrasonic system for adult zebrafish cardiac imaging, capable of 75 MHz B-mode imaging at a spatial resolution of 25 microm and 45 MHz pulsed-wave Doppler measurement. The system allows for real-time delineation of detailed cardiac structures, estimation of cardiac dimensions, as well as image-guided Doppler blood flow measurements. In vivo imaging studies showed the identification of the atrium, ventricle, bulbus arteriosus, atrioventricular valve and bulboventricular valve in real-time images, with cardiac measurement at various stages. Doppler waveforms acquired at the ventricle and the bulbus arteriosus demonstrated the utility of this system to study the zebrafish cardiovascular hemodynamics. This high frequency ultrasonic system offers a multitude of opportunities for cardiovascular researchers. In addition, the detection of E-flow and A-flow during the ventricular filling and the appearance of diastolic flow reversal at bulbus arteriosus suggested the functional similarity of zebrafish heart to that of higher vertebrates.     

高频彩超联合低频彩超在非典型性急性阑尾炎诊断中的效果观察及临床价值

目的:探究高频彩超联合低频彩超在非典型性急性阑尾炎诊断中的效果以及临床价值.方法:在本院接受治疗的非典型性急性阑尾炎患者当中抽选80例作为本文的观察对象,上述患者均为2019年3月—2020年5月入院.分别为患者实施低频彩超检查、高频彩超检查,比较单独检查以及联合检查的诊断符合率情况.结果:高频彩超联合低频彩超诊断非典...     

高频超声和彩色多普勒鉴别诊断颈部神经鞘瘤的应用及分析

目的探讨高频超声和彩色多普勒技术对颈部神经鞘瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法对144例经手术和病理证实的颈部肿瘤患者术前超声诊断资料进行回顾性分析。结果高频二维超声及彩色多普勒技术对颈部神经鞘瘤病灶的检出率100%,准确率93.8%,特异性92.9%,敏感性94.9%,阳性预测值90.3%,阴性预测值96.3%。结论高频超声及彩色多普勒对颈部神经鞘瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断有临床意义。     

高频超声生物显微镜动态观测兔耳增生性瘢痕形成

目的 应用高频超声显微镜(HFB)动态观测兔耳增生性瘢痕(HS)的形态学变化过程.方法 应用Panoview 31500 HFB和50 MHz高频探头,在兔耳HS模型形成过程中的不同时间点(术后第1、3、5、7、11、16、20、28、36、60、90天)进行观察,同时进行大体形态、病理对比观察.结果 兔耳腹侧创面可产生与人类HS类似的过度增生过程.利用HFB可清楚、动态观测HS的形成过程,且超声对瘢痕的测量值与病理切片测量值高度相关(r=0.996,P＜0.01).结论 HFB不仅能动态观测兔耳HS的全貌,还可观察其内部细微结构并进行定量分析,可为研究HS提供一种有效的观测手段.     

原发性甲亢的高频及多普勒超声表现

目的　探讨高频及多普勒超声对原发性甲状腺机能亢进 (Graves病 )的诊断价值。方法　对 171例Graves病患者及 5 0例正常人行高频及多普勒超声检查 ,并结合T3、T4结果进行分析。结果　甲亢患者甲状腺三维径值及容积显著增大 ,与对照组比差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,腺体回声增粗增强 ,血流信号增多 ,甲状腺上动脉收缩期峰值流速及阻力指数增高 ,与血T3、T4升高呈正相关 (r =0 .91,γ值经假设检验P <0 .0 1)。结论　高频与多普勒超声结合在原发性甲亢诊断中有较高价值     

High frequency ultrasound imaging detects cardiac dyssynchrony in noninfarcted regions of the murine left ventricle late after reperfused myocardial infarction

Cardiac dyssynchrony in the left ventricles of murine hearts late (> or =28 d) after reperfused myocardial infarction (post-MI) was assessed using high frequency 30 MHz B-mode ultrasound imaging. Nine post-MI and six normal C57Bl/6 mice were studied in both short- and long-axis views. Regional time to peak displacement (T(peak_d)) and time to peak strain (T(peak_s)) were calculated in 36 sectors along the myocardial circumference; then their standard deviations (SD_T(peak_d) and SD_T(peak_s)) were computed among noninfarcted myocardial regions for each mouse and were compared between the normal and post-MI mouse groups with Student's t-test. The comparison revealed that SD_T(peak_d) and SD_T(peak_s) were significantly larger in the post-MI hearts than in the normal hearts. The displacement uniformity ratio was determined to be 0.97 +/- 0.01 and 0.85 +/- 0.07 for radial and circumferential displacements in the normal hearts, respectively; and 0.59 +/- 0.17 and 0.64 +/- 0.24 in the post-MI hearts. In conclusion, this high resolution ultrasound image tracking method provides for the detection of cardiac dyssynchrony in the noninfarcted regions in the murine left ventricles late after MI by identifying the temporal and spatial disparity of regional myocardial contraction.     

高频彩超对小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎临床诊断价值评价

目的:探讨高频彩超在小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎中的诊断效果.方法:选取2019年1月—2020年12月如东县人民医院收治的肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿71例,设为患儿组;另选取同期行体检的健康儿童71名,设为体检组.使用DC-7型线性扫描诊断仪进行超声检测.结果:患儿组患儿淋巴结多发于右下腹与脐周附近65例(91.55％),分布于左侧腹...     

彩色多普勒血流成像及高频超声成像对肝实性病灶的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)及高频超声对肝实性病灶的诊断价值.方法对73个肝脏实性病灶进行超声检查,记录肝脏背景及血流情况.结果高频超声可更细致地观察靠近肝脏表面病灶(<7 cm)内部的回声特点.小肝癌中80%可检测到动脉供血,60%有门静脉供血,46.7%为肝动脉及门静脉双重供血.2例发育不良结节可检测到门静脉供血.结论高频超声及CDFI可为肝实性病灶提供重要的鉴别诊断信息.肝硬化或慢性肝炎患者发现肝内实性低回声病灶,应警惕恶性可能.     

心脏彩色多普勒超声在冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者临床诊断中的应用

目的探讨心脏彩色多普勒超声在冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者临床诊断中的应用及其特异度、灵敏度研究。 方法于2019年3月至2021年3月在河北医科大学第二医院随机选择冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者212例,所有患者均行心脏彩色多普勒超声及冠状动脉造影检查,包括LVDD、LAD、LVEF、E峰/Ea峰、室壁运动情况及诊断后患者的不良反应。对比两者结果的差异,判断心脏彩色多普勒超声诊断冠心病慢性心力衰竭的准确性,分析诊断其特异度和感敏度。 结果对比两种检查方法显示心脏彩色多普勒超声准确度达到93.40%,特异度和灵敏度也较高,与冠状动脉造影检查结果相比,分别达到71.43%、95.61%,阴性预测值为35.71%,阳性预测值为98.99%。 结论心脏彩色多普勒超声检查在判断冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者中有独特的优势,简单、有效、无创,且具有较好的敏感度和特异度,值得临床推广。     

非均衡性状态下心脏超声教学的干预与实施评估

目的：探讨学员的理论知识与实践技能处于非均衡状态下,如何提高心脏超声教学效果的方法和体会。方法：以2015-2017年在我院参与教学的300名研究生、规培生及进修学员作为研究对象,所有的研究对象进行统一的理论、实践技能考核,根据考核的表现将受训对象分为四个层次,对其实施不同的教学方式。结果：将受训对象进行分类教学可显著的提高教学效果。结论：对理论知识与实践技能处于非均衡状态下的受训对象采取因人施教在心脏超声教学达到了重点突出,有效掌握,更有利于人才的培养。     

高频彩色多普勒超声在睾丸附睾急症诊断中的应用

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒技术诊断睾丸附睾急症的价值。方法回顾分析111例睾丸附睾急症患者的声像图资料。结果 111例中,急性附睾炎68例,急性睾丸附睾炎8例,睾丸扭转16例,睾丸附件扭转3例,睾丸血肿10例,睾丸破裂6例。结论高频彩色多普勒超声在诊断睾丸附睾急症方面有很高的临床价值。     

超声生物显微镜斑点追踪应变成像评价mdx小鼠内外膜心肌收缩功能

目的 应用超声生物显微镜(UBM)二维斑点追踪应变成像(2D-STI)评价mdx小鼠/S内、外膜下心肌收缩功能异常。方法 对24只mdx小鼠(C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx/J)和24只正常对照小鼠(C57BL/10ScSn)进行研究。小鼠分别在3、6、9和12月龄时接受超声检查,常规心动图采集胸骨旁左心室(LV)长轴、乳头肌水平LV短轴二维图像,测量LV腔体积、射血分数(EF)及内径缩短率(FS)等指标。脱机分析两个不同切面LV心肌内外膜的纵向应变、圆周向应变及径向应变的收缩期峰值。结果 M型常规超声心动图发现,与正常对照小鼠相比,9月龄mdx小鼠心脏收缩功能异常,包括LV舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、LV收缩末期内径(LVESD)、LV舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和 LV收缩末期容积(LVESV)增加,EF和FS降低。2D-STI分析发现6月龄mdx小鼠心脏收缩功能异常,与3月龄小鼠相比,6、9和12月龄小鼠的峰值应变(长轴、径向及圆周向)显著下降,6月龄与9月龄小鼠之间、9月和12月龄小鼠之间差异显著,与同期正常对照小鼠测值间差异也有统计学意义;而外膜下长轴及圆周向应变,与3月龄小鼠相比,9和12月龄时比较差异有统计学意义,与同月龄正常对照小鼠相比,9、12月龄mdx小鼠外膜下心肌长轴向应变及圆周向应变的峰值应变差异有统计学意义。结论 mdx小鼠6月龄时已经出现心肌收缩功能减低。UBM 2D-STI可发现这种变化,而传统M型超声心动图仅能发现9月龄及以上的心肌收缩功能异常。     

Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging model of mitral valve regurgitation: design and evaluation

We describe the development of a cardiac flow model and imaging chamber to permit Doppler assessment of complex and dynamic flow events. The model development included the creation of a circulatory loop with variable compliance and resistance; the creation of a secondary regurgitant circuit; and incorporation of an ultrasound imaging chamber to allow two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Doppler characterization of both simple and complex models of valvular regurgitation. In all, we assessed eight different pulsatile regurgitant volumes through each of four rigid orifices differing in size and shape: 0.15 cm(2) circle, 0.4 cm(2) circle, 0.35 cm(2) slot and 0.4 cm(2) arc. The achieved mean (and range) hemodynamic measures were: peak trans-orifice pressure gradient 117 mm Hg (40 to 245 mm Hg), trans-orifice peak Doppler velocity 560 cm/s (307 to 793 cm/s), Doppler time-velocity integral 237 cm (111 to 362 cm), regurgitant volume 43 mL (11 to 84 mL) and orifice area 0.32 cm(2) (0.15 to 0.4 cm(2)). The model was designed to optimize Doppler signal quality while reflecting anatomic structural relationships and flow events. The 2D color Doppler, 3D color Doppler and continuous wave Doppler quality was excellent whether the data were acquired from the imaging window parallel or perpendicular to the long-axis of flow. This model can be easily adapted to mimic other intracardiac flow pathology or assess future Doppler applications.     

Clinical utility of Doppler ultrasound in cardiac diseases

During the past decade Doppler echocardiography has evolved to an extent that it has become a major noninvasive tool for cardiac evaluation in both acquired and congenital heart disease. This article describes current applications of Doppler techniques in the evaluation of cardiac anatomy and hemodynamics. The principles and methods employed in the use of Doppler echocardiography are described and illustrated for assessment and quantitation of flow velocities, pressure gradients, valve areas, valve regurgitation, stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac shunts, and diastolic filling indices. The increasing accuracy of these applications has led to a substantial reduction in the need for invasive diagnostic methods, such as cardiac catheterization, especially in patients where frequent follow-up evaluations are indicated.     

高频超声在产后女性腹直肌分离评估中的应用价值

目的 本研究旨在利用高频超声定量评估产后女性腹直肌分离程度,探索恰当的诊断界值以及影响腹直肌分离程度的相关因素.方法 2019年4月至7月招募51名在北京大学第三医院生产后6～30个月的女性,采集年龄、身高、体质量、体质量指数、产后时间、生产方式、胎产次,测量腹围,超声评估皮下脂肪厚度、放松时及收缩时腹直肌最大间距,采...     

Hepatic allograft salvage with early doppler ultrasound diagnosis of acute vena cava thrombosis

Postoperative inferior vena cava obstruction is an uncommon complication after liver transplantation. Outflow obstruction, if not rapidly corrected, can lead to graft failure and the patients death. We report a case in which Doppler ultrasound showed the thrombus inside the vessel, excluding extrahepatic causes of venous outflow obstruction, and permitted early surgical correction of the complication without graft loss.     

Renal transplant vascular complications: the role of Doppler ultrasound

Improvements in the care of kidney transplant recipients and advances in immunosuppressive therapy have reduced the incidence of graft rejection. As a result, other types of kidney transplant complications, such as surgical, urologic, parenchymal, and vascular complications, have become more common. Although vascular complications account for only 5–10 % of all post-transplant complications, they are a frequent cause of graft loss. Ultrasonography, both in B-mode and with Doppler ultrasound, is a fundamental tool in the differential diagnosis of renal allograft dysfunction. Doppler ultrasound is highly specific in cases of transplanted renal artery stenosis, pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, and thrombosis with complete or partial artery or vein occlusion. A single measurements of color Doppler indexes display high diagnostic accuracy and in particular cases are more useful during the post-transplantation follow-up period. More recent techniques, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, undoubtedly increase the accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of vascular complications involving the transplanted kidney.     

超声评价高强度聚焦超声治疗肝癌疗效的应用价值

目的评价高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗肝癌的疗效及超声在疗效评价中的应用价值。方法HIFU治疗肝癌患者78例,通过术中实时超声监控及治疗前后彩色多普勒超声对比评价治疗效果。结果HIFU术中靶区声像图灰阶值增高(P<0.01)。HIFU术后肿瘤回声增强,体积缩小或不增大(P<0.01),血供一定程度减少或消失(P<0.05)。患者的生存期延长(P<0.01)。结论HIFU治疗肝癌局部疗效明确,是一种很有发展前景的无创治疗肝癌的方法。超声是HIFU术中监控及术后判断疗效的一种有效方法。     

高频超声引导Mammotome乳腺活检系统微创治疗乳腺良性肿块

目的探讨高频超声引导Mammotome乳腺活检系统微创治疗乳腺良性肿块的临床应用价值。方法对46例52个经临床及彩超诊断的乳腺良性肿块行高频超声引导下旋切治疗,对引导情况及治疗效果进行评价。结果高频超声引导成功率及显示率均为100%;34例共40个0.5cm≤直径≤2.5cm的肿块,完全切除32例共38个肿块(95.0%),8例共8个2.5cm<直径≤3.0cm的肿块,完全切除5例共5个肿块(62.5%),4例共4个直径>3.0cm的肿块,肿块完全切除0例。结论高频超声引导Mammotome乳腺活检系统微创治疗乳腺良性肿块创伤小、疗效好,尤其适用于治疗直径0.5~2.5cm的乳腺良性肿块。     

超声生物显微镜评价高脂饮食促进载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化

目的 探讨应用超声生物显微镜(UBM)评价高脂饮食下载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化的价值.方法 将32只8周龄ApoE基因敲除小鼠分为两组,一组饲以高脂饲料为高脂组,另一组饲以常规饲料作为对照组.饲养8周和16周后,采用Vevo 770超声成像系统观察两组小鼠升主动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)及动脉粥样硬化斑块面积,并与病理组织学结果和血脂水平进行比较.结果 UBM显示高脂组和对照组小鼠主动脉根部管壁均增厚,出现粥样硬化斑块,但高脂组IMT及斑块面积均较对照组小鼠高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).UBM所测IMT及斑块面积与病理结果相关性良好(r分别为0.81和0.70);高脂组小鼠血清甘油三酯(TC)及总胆固醇(TG)水平均较对照组升高(P＜0.05),UBM所测IMT随TC水平升高而增加,两者呈正相关(r=0.528).结论 高脂饮食可促进ApoE基敲除小鼠主动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,超声生物显微镜能作为无创性观测手段来评价活体小鼠的动脉粥样硬化改变.