改良原位回肠代膀胱术(附25例报告)

目的：探讨改良膀胱全切原位回肠代膀胱术的疗效。方法：对24例膀胱癌及1例腺性膀胱炎患者采用改良膀胱全切原位回肠代谢膀胱术。膀胱全切采用顺行逆行相结合的方法。截取末段回肠,排列成W形,褥式缝合制作贮尿袋。输尿管以乳头法种植。结果：25例手术时间平均4h,输血量平均550ml,术后24例随访2－84个月,平均24个月,23例白天可控排尿,14例夜间自控排尿。仅2例术后发生输尿管积水,1例术前左肾积水者术后无变化。2例肾功能异常。23例行膀胱排尿造影均未发现输尿管返流。术后出现低血钾者2例,余22例血电解质均在正常范围。无肠膀胱或尿道肿瘤复发者。结论：改良膀胱全切原位回肠代膀胱手术术时间短,操作简单,出血少,并发症少,术后无膀胱输尿管返流,电解质紊乱发生率低。     

改良全膀胱切除-原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效(附12例报告)

目的：评价改良全膀胱切除方法和原位回肠新膀胱术的临床疗效。方法：对12例膀胱癌患者行改良全膀胱切除术．顺行分离膀胱顶部、侧壁上半部、底部,切断输尿管后改逆行分离。示指紧贴前列腺包膜将前列腺与直肠分开后,向上向外将膀胱颈部侧韧带和精囊尾的纤维束钩于示指掌握之中,切断并结扎。女性患者保留内生殖器及尿道内口。尿流改道采用原位回肠新膀胱术,并就手术并发症、术后控尿排尿情况、新膀胱容量、影像学和生化检查进行随访,随访时间8～62个月,平均35个月。结果：切除膀胱时间平均80min,术中平均出血450ml。原位回肠新膀胱控尿、排尿良好,术后静脉尿路造影、B超检查未见上尿路扩张,膀胱造影未发现输尿管反流,血生化检查正常,未发现新膀胱或尿道肿瘤复发。结论：改良膀胱切除术-原位回肠新膀胱术是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的理想方法。     

膀胱全切原位W形回肠代膀胱术120例临床分析

目的 探讨膀胱全切原位W形回肠代膀胱术优缺点。方法120例男性膀胱癌患者,其中浸润性膀胱移行细胞癌99例,移行细胞癌伴部分鳞化8例,移行细胞癌伴腺癌及鳞癌3例,腺癌6例,鳞癌4例,均行膀胱全切原位W形回肠代膀胱术。膀胱全切采用顺行、逆行相结合的方法。截取末段回肠,排列成W形,褥式缝合制作储尿袋。输尿管以乳头法包埋术种植。结果手术时间,前50例为210-300mim,平均270min;后70例为110-205min,平均143min。术后9l例获得随访,随访2—88个月,平均30个月,85例白天可控制排尿,其中71例夜间可控制排尿。9例术后发生输尿管扩张,7例合并轻度肾积水,2例合并中度肾积水,2例肾功能轻度异常。45例行膀胱造影仅1例发生右侧输尿管返流。术后3个月复查出现低血钾者6例,余85例血电解质均在正常范围。20例患者行尿动力检查,尿流曲线呈持续型12例,间歇型8例;膀胱尿道造影显示尿流持续型代膀胱颈口呈漏斗形,排尿时开放良好,而尿流间歇形代膀胱颈口不呈漏斗形或排尿时颈口开放欠佳。结论膀胱全切原位W形回肠代膀胱术手术时间短,操作简单,出血少,并发症少,原位W形回肠代膀胱有较好的储尿和排尿功能,电解质紊乱发生率低。     

改良膀胱全切、原位回肠代膀胱术的疗效观察

目的:探讨膀胱根治术后行尿流改道的方法。方法:对17例男性膀胱癌患者行膀胱全切、原位回肠代膀胱术,采用改良的手术方法。结果:手术时间平均230min;输血量平均480ml;全部病例可完全控尿,需夜间定时排尿;膀胱最大贮尿量平均330ml,剩余尿均小于80ml。17例全部随访,时间7～48个月,平均19个月。术后仅发生单侧输尿管反流1例,肾功能衰竭死亡1例,肿瘤转移死亡1例。无电解质紊乱发生,未发现尿道肿瘤复发。结论:改良膀胱全切、原位回肠代膀胱术是膀胱根治术后尿流改道的较为理想术式。     

改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱术后效果探析

目的探讨改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术的临床效果。方法对18例浸润性膀胱癌患者行改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术治疗,记录手术时间、术中输血量、术后并发症、术后排尿情况、肿瘤控制情况和生存质量等。结果 18例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间250 min。术中输血量平均470 mL。术后3例出现早期并发症,其中电解质紊乱2例,尿瘘1例。18例患者均获随访,平均时间20个月,1例发生单侧输尿管反流,1例死于脑梗死,1例死于肿瘤转移,1例死于肾功能衰竭。术后患者的生活质量比较满意。结论改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术术式简单、术后并发症少和代膀胱功能好,是浸润性膀胱癌较为理想的治疗术式。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠代膀胱术32例临床分析

目的 总结腹腔镜下根治性膀胱术加原位回肠代膀胱术的临床经验.方法 2005年5月至2012年5月对32例膀胱癌患者采用腹腔镜下行根治性膀胱切除术＋原位回肠代膀胱术.结果 全部患者术后随访4 ～60个月,平均34个月,均原位排尿,未发生水、电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱,肾功能正常,无肾积水及输尿管扩张.结论 腹腔镜下行根治性膀胱切除,创伤较小、术野清晰、操作方便、淋巴清扫彻底.原位回肠代膀胱通过负压和尿道的协同作用,可实现原位排尿,发生尿路损害及电解质紊乱的概率低,不失为膀胱根治性切除后尿流改道的较好方法.     

女性原位回肠代膀胱术的临床应用

目的:总结女性膀胱全切患者行原位回肠代膀胱术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析1998年1月～2006年2月36例女性膀胱全切,原位回肠代膀胱患者的临床资料。36例患者,年龄48～65岁,平均56岁。其中移行细胞癌34例,腺癌2例。原发肿瘤22例,复发性肿瘤14例。多发性非肌层侵犯肿瘤(Ta～T1)12例,浸润性膀胱肿瘤(T2～T3)24例。结果:36例手术平均时间270min(210～330min),输血量平均400ml(0～1000ml)。术后随访6～72个月,平均26个月。术后6个月昼夜控尿率分别为94%(34/36)和92%(33/36)。2例排尿可控过度,需间歇导尿。术后6个月IVU检查无输尿管狭窄和反流。血电解质和肾功能正常,无尿道残端肿瘤复发。结论:原位回肠代膀胱术治疗女性膀胱癌患者临床疗效满意,可作为广泛开展的术式。     

改良W形回肠代膀胱术的疗效观察(附36例报告)

目的 :探讨改良W形回肠代膀胱术的疗效。方法 :对 36例膀胱肿瘤患者行根治性膀胱切除、W形回肠代膀胱术 ,并对术式进行改进。结果 :36例手术时间平均 4 .2h。术后 31例随访 4～ 19个月 ,平均 10 .6个月 ,无严重并发症 ,均无瘤生存。患者一般于术后 3周自主可控性排尿 ,日间尿控率为 10 0 % ,术后 3、6、12个月夜间尿失禁发生率分别为 2 2 .5 %、11.1%及 6 .2 %。术后 6个月尿动力学检查膀胱容量 (36 0± 30 )ml,最大尿流率 (13.6± 2 .6 )ml/s,剩余尿量 (11.5± 5 .8)ml,充盈期膀胱压力明显低于尿道闭合压。新膀胱造影发现新膀胱呈球形 ,完全位于盆腔 ,未见输尿管反流。B超及IVU检查发现原上尿路积水 4例均明显减轻 ,其余未发现输尿管狭窄和上尿路积水征象。无高氯性酸中毒 ,肾功能正常。结论 :改良W形回肠代膀胱术手术时间短 ,操作简单 ,创伤轻 ,并发症少 ;新膀胱容量大 ,内压低 ,顺应性好 ,功能接近于正常膀胱 ,保持原位排尿 ,明显提高了患者术后生活质量 ,值得临床推广应用。     

回肠折叠包埋式输尿管抗返流吻合的临床应用

为证实回肠折叠包埋式输尿管抗返流的低压回肠代膀胱术的实用价值，自１９９２年８月－１９９５年１月，对１２例膀胱癌患者施行回肠折叠包埋式输尿管抗返流的低压回肠代膀胱术，随访３－２９个月，患者可获得近似生理状态的排尿，无尿失禁及残余尿。术后定期膀胱造影，未发现明显输尿管返流。回肠折叠包埋式输尿管抗返流吻合，操作简单，效果可靠，值得临床应用。     

Studer原位回肠膀胱术24例报告

目的 总结Studer原位回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱肿瘤的疗效.方法 2003年2月至2006年12月采用膀胱全切Studer原位回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱肿瘤患者24例,患者均为男性,平均年龄60岁,其中移行细胞癌23例,T1 6例、T2 12例、T3 5例,鳞癌1例.术中近端回肠输入袢改为10cm;远端袢完全去管道化后排列成W形,输尿管直接与回肠输入袢的近段端侧吻合.观察随访术后排尿及肾功能等情况.结果 24例手术时间220～330 min,平均270 min术中出血量400～1600ml,平均600 ml.患者围手术期均无严重并发症发生,术后可自行排尿,13例发生遗尿.患者平均随访18个月(3～36个月).2例膀胱剩余尿＞100 ml,合并输尿管轻度扩张;1例术后12个月出现肾功能不全;23例肾功能正常,无电解质紊乱.结论 Studer回肠代膀胱术技术操作相对简单,并发症少,疗效满意.术中一般不做预防性输尿管抗反流处理.     

原位回肠代膀胱术26例临床分析

目的：评估13年来根治性膀胱全切术后回肠代膀胱术疗效。方法：观察26例患者术后可控情况，实验室、影像学检查结果以及手术并发症。随访时间2－72个月，平均24个月。结果：4例患者死于肿瘤复发和转移，1例术后死亡与肿瘤无关。21例患者白天可控；3例出现夜间遗尿；2例术后出现膀胱瘘并行修补术，但一直尿失禁；1例术后出现腹股沟斜疝。结论：原位回肠代膀胱术是一种可控效果好，并发症少的术式。     

女性原位尿流改道的临床研究

目的　总结女性膀胱全切患者行原位尿流改道的临床疗效。　方法　回顾性分析1995年9月至2003年12月34例女性膀胱全切、原位尿流改道患者的临床资料。34例患者,年龄53~64岁,平均58岁。其中移行细胞癌30例,腺癌3例,鳞状上皮癌1例。原发肿瘤30例,复发肿瘤4例。34例患者均行膀胱全切,其中24例保留自主神经。所有患者均截取末段回肠,行回肠代膀胱。术后随访观察临床效果。　结果　34例手术时间平均360min(280~420min),输血量平均600ml(300~1000ml)。术后30例获随访,随访6~108个月,平均61个月。术后6个月昼夜控尿率分别为90% (27 /30)和86% (26 /30)。一次性排空膀胱23例, 2例排尿可控过度,需定时导尿,另5例需采用手压下腹部排空新膀胱。23例行尿动力检查结果显示:贮尿囊容量300~520ml,充盈期囊内压<23cmH2O(6~23cmH2O, 1cmH2O=0. 098kPa),最大尿道压35 ~70cmH2O,功能性尿道长2. 6~3. 5cm,剩余尿量0~38ml。IVU检查贮尿囊球形,无输尿管狭窄,轻度输尿管返流1例,肾盂输尿管轻度扩张1例。血电解质和肾功能正常.无肠膀胱或尿道残端复发者。　结论　女性膀胱癌患者行原位尿流改道可获得满意的临床效果,可作为该类患者的首选治疗方法。     

A multi-institutional study of orthotopic neobladders: functional results in men and women

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the incidence of diurnal incontinence (DI) and nocturnal incontinence (NI), the need for intermittent catheterization (IC),and the rate of ureteric obstruction (UO) among a group of men and women with ileal and colonic orthotopic neobladders in four countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 138 patients (113 men and 25 women) had an orthotopic neobladder constructed after radical cystectomy for carcinoma. The mean(range) age was 61.3 (28-76) years and the follow-up 41 (6-144) months. All patients underwent surgery by experienced surgeons associated with the Confederation of American Urology. A retrospective evaluation was designed to review the functional results and the incidence of UO. The technique of orthotopic neobladder construction was at each surgeon's discretion. Various detubularized bowel segments were used, including ileum, colon or sigmoid. Patients were followed by chart reviews and personal interviews at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and then every 6 months, and were evaluated by a physical examination, urine analysis, cytology and renal ultrasonography. RESULTS: An ileal or colonic neobladder was constructed in 74 and 64 patients, respectively.Five (7%), 23 (31%), 10 (14%) and 14(9.6%) with an ileal neobladder developed DI, NI, IC and UO, respectively; the respective values for patients with a colonic neobladder were eight (12%), 19 (30%), seven (11%)and 15 (12%). Statistical analysis by Fisher's exact test showed no significant differences between the ileal and colonic neobladder groups or with gender. CONCLUSIONS: Using this specific protocol for evaluating many men and women with ileal and colonic orthotopic neobladders showed no significant differences in the incidence of DI, NI, IC or UO. Neobladders constructed from detubularized bowel, irrespective of bowel segment(s) used, can provide satisfactory diurnal results. A moderate incidence of NI and UO continue to be a problem.     

经腹腔镜根治性全膀胱切除回肠原位代膀胱术11例

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在根治性全膀胱切除回肠原位代膀胱术中的应用价值。方法本组11例均为膀胱尿路上皮癌,TNM分期为T2aN0M07例、T3aN0M03例、T3bN0M01例,麻醉选择气管插管全身麻醉,采用五点穿刺法置入腹腔镜,手术方式为根治性全膀胱切除回肠原位代膀胱术。结果本组11例均手术顺利,无一例中转开放。手术时间为5～8h,平均7h;出血150～450ml,平均350ml。术后肠道功能恢复时间为2～5d,2例出现漏尿,均在14d内消失。术后随访时间为6～12个月,平均10个月。所有病例控尿情况均较理想,超声检查均未发现输尿管扩张、肾积水,2例代膀胱残余尿>100ml,均未发现复发及转移。结论根治性全膀胱切除回肠原位代膀胱术是膀胱癌治疗的一种有效方法。目前膀胱癌根治性切除术有开放性手术和经腹腔镜手术两种,与开放性手术比较,经腹腔镜手术虽具有诸多优势,但仍有必要对一些热点问题进行探讨,寻找更为合理的手术步骤、技巧和方法,从而进一步推动该项技术的发展。     

Urodynamic evaluation and long-term results of the orthotopic gastric neobladder in men

PURPOSE: Orthotopic neobladders are most commonly formed from colon and/or small bowel segments. However, after excellent results were reported in children, we constructed gastric neobladders in select men who had undergone cystectomy. Although gastric neobladders in adults have been reported to have decreased capacity, to our knowledge neither long-term followup nor urodynamic parameters have been reported in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gastric neobladder was performed in 8 patients following cystectomy for malignancy in 7 and undiversion in 1. Average followup was 43 months and all patients underwent urodynamic evaluations an average of 9.1 months after surgery. Patients also completed an incontinence questionnaire. The gastric neobladder group was compared to a similar group of patients who underwent neobladder construction from either small bowel (Kock/Hautmann/Studer) or ileocecal segments (Mainz). RESULTS: The gastric neobladder group had significantly reduced mean bladder capacity compared to the ileal or ileocecal neobladder group (309 versus 551 cc, respectively, t = 0.001), while compliance was similarly decreased (27 versus 59 cc/cm. H2O, respectively, t = 0.04). Incontinence rates were greater in the gastric neobladder group (63%) compared to the ileal or ileocecal neobladder group (8% to 23%, t = 0.02). Complication rates were comparable. Revision or removal was required in 3 (38%) patients for severe incontinence, intractable dysuria and ureterogastric anastomotic stricture, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Adult gastric neobladders as currently constructed are associated with poor urodynamic parameters and high incontinence rates. Routine use of gastric neobladders in adults is not recommended. They may be appropriate, especially as composites, in select cases such as renal failure or inadequate bowel length. The reasons for success in some patients and not in others are unknown.     

腹腔镜全膀胱切除-原位回肠膀胱术（5例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜全膀胱切除-新膀胱术的手术方法和临床效果。方法膀胱移行细胞癌患者5例，27-64岁（平均49．8岁）。均经腹腔镜下行全膀胱切除-原位回肠膀胱术，经腹壁切口取出标本，然后将回肠牵出切口截取40cm长回肠段，剖开建成“M”型贮尿囊，并与双侧输尿管吻合再置入腹腔与腹腔镜下行贮尿囊尿道吻合建成原位回肠膀胱。行回肠新膀胱术。结果5例手术均获成功，手术时间5-7h，平均6．0h。出血量200～510ml，平均340ml，无输血。术后2～3天恢复肠道功能。术后三个月随访时患者排尿良好，新膀胱无明显残余尿，容量200-350ml。结论腹腔镜全膀胱切除-原位回肠膀胱术创伤小、出血少、恢复快，很有前景，但还需要长时间随机对照和随访研究。     

机器人辅助全腹腔镜下"紫砂壶型"原位回肠新膀胱的临床疗效分析

目的探讨机器人辅助全腹腔镜下"紫砂壶型"原位回肠新膀胱患者的尿控和肿瘤学预后。 方法以2017年5月至2019年6月连续进行的10例机器人辅助根治性膀胱切除+回肠原位新膀胱术患者为研究对象，男9例，女1例，年龄（63±11）岁，极高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌5例，肌层浸润性膀胱癌5例；术后随访时间为12～37个月。记录手术视频、术后90 d内并发症、随访期间患者的尿控恢复、分肾功能、上尿路影像学结构改变以及肿瘤学预后。 结果10例患者均顺利完成全腹腔镜下机器人辅助根治性膀胱切除回肠原位新膀胱手术，手术时间（584±56）min，出血量（655±275）ml，术后进食时间1～3 d；1例患者术后6个月行切口疝修复术，其余无Ⅲ级以上并发症。5例（50%）患者术后6～12个月尿流动力学检查提示最大尿流率及平均尿流率分别为（6.3±4.5）ml/s、1.80（0.30）ml/s，术后新膀胱充盈尿量及残余尿量分别为（525±273）ml、161（227）ml，患者日间完全控尿9例（90%），夜间完全控尿8例（80%）。随访期间，发现4侧肾盂轻度扩张，监测分肾功能正常。1例患者术后18个月出现肺转移，其余患者未发现局部复发及转移。 结论"紫砂壶型"回肠原位新膀胱是在Studer型、VIP型回肠新膀胱基础上的储尿囊成型技术改进，术后新膀胱功能良好，能有效保护上尿路形态，恢复排尿功能。     

An evaluation of quality of life in patients who underwent orthotopic bladder replacement after cystectomy: comparison of ileal neobladder versus colon neobladder

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether the quality of life (QOL) in patients who underwent orthotopic bladder replacement after radical cystectomy was affected by the intestinal segment used for the creation of a neobladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were included in this study; i.e., 24 patients with an ileal neobladder and 28 patients with a sigmoid neobladder. QOL was evaluated using the SF-36 health-related QOL survey and a questionnaire designed to evaluate the continent status. RESULTS: The mean follow-up periods for patients with an ileal and a sigmoid neobladder was 40.2 and 43.1 months, respectively. The SF-36 survey revealed that patients with colon neobladder had a significantly higher score for role-emotional functioning than those with ileal neobladder, while there was no significant difference in the remaining seven scores between patients with ileal and colon neobladders; however, general health and social functioning in patients with both types of neobladder appeared to be significantly lower than those in the general population in the United States. The results of the questionnaire analyzing the continent status were also similar between these two groups, including the desire to urinate, the incidence of both day- and nighttime urinary leakage, the frequency of pad exchange, and the concern of urine odor. CONCLUSIONS: Six of the eight scales concerning health-related QOL were favorable with both patients with ileal and colon neobladders, and the health-related QOL in orthotopic neobladder patients except for role-emotional functioning was not affected by the segment of the intestine used for neobladder construction. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the QOL associated with continent status between these two groups. Therefore, patients with both types of orthotopic neobladder were generally satisfied with their health-related as well as disease-specific QOL.