妇阴康洁栓剂制备工艺研究

目的 研究妇阴康洁栓剂的制备工艺。方法采用满因子分析设计法，以栓剂体外溶化时间为指标，选定处方中聚乙二醇（PEG）4000／PEG 6000的比例和栓剂制备时水浴加热的温度作为考察因素。结果 处方间PEG 4000／PEG 6000比例对栓剂体外溶化时间有显著影响，水浴温度影响较小，处方中PEG 4000／PEG 6000比例最佳为7：1。结论 该制备工艺合理、可行。     

制霉菌素口腔粘附片的研制及粘附性考察

目的:研制制霉菌素口腔粘附片,并考察其生物粘附性。方法:以卡波姆(CP)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为粘附材料和缓释骨架制备不同处方配比的制霉菌素口腔粘附片,测定其粘附力、粘附时间、溶胀百分比和表面pH值。结果:不同处方配比制备的粘附片生物粘附性差异较大,以CP∶HPMC为1∶1的处方制备的粘附片效果较好。结论:成功制备了制霉菌素口腔粘附片,其可用于进一步的体内、外研究。     

生物粘附性萘哌地尔缓释胶囊的处方筛选

目的：筛选生物粘附性萘哌地尔缓胶囊的处方。方法：采用正交设计结合多元线性回归的方法，确立生物粘附材料HPMC、Carbomer的用量及配比与制剂体外释放度的关系。结果：多元线性回归结果表明，生物粘附材料HPMC与Carbomer对胶囊体外释放度影响较大，且均阻滞药物的释放；生物粘附性缓释胶囊的内容物与大鼠离体胃、肠组织的粘附力明显大于普通胶囊。结论：正交设计结合多元线性回归的方法用于萘哌地尔缓释胶囊的处方筛选，方法简便可行。     

奥硝唑生物粘附性缓释栓的制备及质量控制

目的：制备治疗滴虫感染的奥硝唑生物粘附性缓释栓，并制定其质量控制标准。方法：以PEG—600，PEG—6000，CMC—Na为栓剂基质，奥硝唑为主药制成栓剂，并用紫外分光光度法测定主药的含量。结果：低、中、高3种浓度的平均回收率分别为99.92％，98．76％，100．61％，RSD分别为0．08％，1．24％，0．61％。结论：奥硝唑生物粘附性缓释栓制备工艺简单，栓剂成型性好，含量剩定方法可行，结果可靠。     

影响葛根总黄酮生物粘附片体外释放度的因素研究

目的 :探讨影响葛根总黄酮生物粘附片释放度的主要因素。方法 :以羟丙基甲基纤维素 (HPMC)与卡波姆 (CP)为生物粘附材料和骨架材料、乳糖为致孔剂制备葛根总黄酮生物粘附片 ;采用转篮法测定释放度 ,以0 1mol/LHCl为溶出介质 ,转速为100r/min ,测定累积释放度 ,同时考察HPMC用量、CP用量、致孔剂种类、乳糖用量、压片颗粒大小、介质 pH等因素对释放度的影响。结果与结论 :HPMC用量、CP用量、致孔剂种类、乳糖用量、压片时颗粒大小、介质 pH等因素对生物粘附片溶出均有明显影响     

丁卡因口腔粘附片的研制

目的:研制丁卡因口腔粘附片。考察不同辅料的体外膨胀行为及释药性能。方法:采用聚维酮(PVP)、羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙纤维素(L-HPC)及卡波姆934(CP_(934))为生物粘附材料,以不同配比制备丁卡因口腔粘附片,桨板法测定其释放度。结果:采用CP/HPC、CP/HPMC配比作为粘附材料取得良好效果。     

乙酰螺旋霉素口腔贴片的研制及体外释药的考察

目的:研制乙酰螺旋霉素口腔贴片。方法:以卡波姆934P和HPMC(K4M)作为黏附材料,制备口腔贴片,并对其生物黏附力及体外释放度进行了考察,采用一阶导数光谱法测定乙酰螺旋霉素的含量。结果:卡波姆934P的生物黏附性优于HPMC,体外释放均符合Higuchi方程,HPMC的缓释效果优于卡波姆934P。结论:处方中以卡波姆934P与HPMC配比为1:1时为最优处方。     

辛伐他汀缓释片制备及体外释放研究

目的 制备辛伐他汀凝胶骨架缓释片,对影响药物释放的因素进行考查。方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定其体外释放度,应用湿法制粒压片法制备缓释片,以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料,考察了HPMC规格、用量及其它辅料对药物释放的影响,并进行了正交实验优化及处方和制备方法的验证。结果 辛伐他汀缓释片的体外释放受HPMC规格、HPMC用量、粘合剂种类的影响,选择HPMC(K15M)为骨架材料,其与主药质量比为1.5∶1,所制缓释片能持续释药12 h,批间重现性良好。结论 该制剂处方合理,制备方法可行,具有良好的缓释效果。     

钩藤总碱缓释滴丸的制备、含量测定和释放度考察

目的:研制钩藤总碱缓释滴丸。方法:以滴丸释放度、外观质量的综合评分为指标,以钩藤总碱与丙二醇混合后在处方中的用量、硬脂酸与聚乙二醇(PEG)6000的比例、滴制温度和滴速为考察因素,用正交试验优选处方,制备钩藤总碱缓释滴丸;用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中钩藤碱含量;用转篮法测定制剂的释放度。结果:优选的处方为钩藤总碱与丙二醇混合后占45%,硬脂酸与PEG6000的比例为1∶4,滴制温度为70℃,滴速为45滴·min-1;制备的滴丸中钩藤总碱的含量为(85.8±4.2)%;释放过程符合Higuchi方程。结论:钩藤总碱缓释滴丸制备方法可行,制剂质量可控。     

尼莫地平柱塞型脉冲释药胶囊的制备

目的:制备尼莫地平柱塞型脉冲释药胶囊。方法:采用灌注法制备非渗透性囊体,以HPMC K15M为缓释骨架材料制备柱塞片,以PEG 6000和PEG 4000为基质制备尼莫地平滴丸,用柱塞片将滴丸密封于非渗透性囊体内制备尼莫地平柱塞型脉冲释药胶囊。结果:溶剂为丙酮/二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(2:0.7:0.3),醋酸纤维素溶液浓度为10.5%,柱塞片缓释骨架材料HPMC K15M和乳糖比例为1:10,制得的尼莫地平柱塞型脉冲释药胶囊体外呈明显的脉冲释放,释药时滞为4~5 h。结论:通过调节柱塞片中HPMC K15M和乳糖比例可调节脉冲胶囊的释药时滞,将尼莫地平制成滴丸可满足脉冲胶囊时滞后快速释药的要求。     

Formulation and Evaluation of Tramadol hydrochloride Rectal Suppositories

Rectal suppositories of tramadol hydrochloride were prepared using different bases and polymers like PEG, cocoa butter, agar and the effect of different additives on in vitro release of tramadol hydrochloride was studied. The agar-based suppositories were non-disintegrating/non-dissolving, whereas PEGs were disintegrating/dissolving and cocoa butter were melting suppositories. All the prepared suppositories were evaluated for various physical parameters like weight variation, drug content and hardness. The PEG and cocoa butter suppositories were evaluated for macromelting range, disintegration and liquefaction time. In vitro release study was performed by USP type I apparatus. The prepared suppositories were within the permissible range of all physical parameters. In vitro drug release was in the order of PEG>Agar>cocoa butter. Addition of PVP, HPMC in agar suppositories retards the release. The mechanism of drug release was diffusion controlled and follows first order kinetics. The results suggested that blends of PEG of low molecular weight (1000) with high molecular weight (4000 and 6000) in different percentage and agar in 10% w/w as base used to formulate rapid release suppositories. The sustained release suppositories can be prepared by addition of PVP, HPMC in agar-based suppositories and by use of cocoa butter as base.     

Production of insulin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(l-lactide) (PEG/PLA) nanoparticles by gas antisolvent techniques.

Insulin and insulin/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-loaded poly(l-lactide) (PLA) nanoparticles were produced by gas antisolvent (GAS) CO(2) precipitation starting from homogeneous polymer/protein organic solvent solutions. Different amounts of PEG 6000 (0, 10, 30, 50, 100, and 200% PEG/PLA w/w) or concentration of 30% PEG/PLA with PEGs with different molecular weight (MW; 350, 750, 1900, 6000, 10,000, and 20,000) were used in the preparations. The process resulted in high product yield, extensive organic solvent elimination, and maintenance of > 80% of the insulin hypoglycemic activity. Nanospheres with smooth surface and compact internal structure were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The nanospheres presented a mean particle diameter in the range 400-600 nm and narrow distribution profiles. More than 90% of drug and PEG were trapped in the PLA nanoparticles when low MW PEGs were used in the formulation, whereas the addition of high MW PEGs significantly reduced the loading yield. In all cases, in vitro release studies showed that only a little amount of drug was released from the preparations. However, formulations containing low MW PEGs allowed for a slow but constant drug release throughout 1500 h, whereas a burst was obtained by increasing the PEG MW. In conclusion, the GAS process offers a mean to produce protein-loaded nanoparticles possessing the prerequisites for pharmaceutical applications. The PEG added to the formulation was found to play a key role in the simultaneous solute precipitation phenomena and in determining the release behavior and the chemical-physical properties of the formulation.     

Development of three layered buccal compact containing metoprolol tartrate by statistical optimization technique

The objective of this work to evaluate the effect of formulation variables on release properties and bioadhesive strength in development of three layered buccal compact containing highly water-soluble drug metoprolol tartrate (MT) by statistical optimization technique. Formulations were prepared based on rotatable central composite design with peripheral polymer ratio (carbopol 934P: HPMC 4KM) and core polymer ratio (HPMC 4KM: sodium alginate) as two independent formulation variables. The three layered buccal compact comprises a peripheral layer, core layer and backing layer. Four dependent (response) variables were considered: bioadhesion force, percentage MT release at 8 h, T50% (time taken to release 50% of drug) and release exponent (n). The release profile data was subjected to curve fitting analysis for describing the release mechanism of MT from three layered buccal compact. The main effects and interaction terms was quantitatively evaluated by quadratic model. The decrease in MT release was observed with an increase in both the formulation variables and as the carbopol: HPMC ratio increases the bioadhesive strength also increases. The desirability function was used to optimize the response variables, each having a different target and the observed responses were highly agreed with experimental values. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the model in the development of three layered buccal compact containing highly water-soluble drug MT.     

法莫替丁生物黏附缓释片释放机制研究

目的探讨法莫替丁生物黏附缓释片的释药机制及影响因素。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）为骨架材料，卡波姆为生物黏附材料，乳糖为辅料制备生物黏附缓释片，运用Ritger-Peppas方程释放指数n值，评价HPMC、卡波姆和乳糖对释药速率的影响。结果生物黏附片的释药速率随HPMC、卡波姆含量增高而减慢，乳糖可以加快释药速率，经处方筛选优化后制备的法莫替丁生物黏附缓释片的释放，是Fick扩散和凝胶骨架溶蚀两种机制的协同作用结果。结论HPMC、卡波姆和乳糖均可影响法莫替丁生物黏附片中主药的释放，生物黏附缓释片的释药过程可用Ritger—Peppas方程进行描述。     

尼莫地平胃内滞留漂浮型缓释片的研究

将尼莫地平先制成速释型固体分散体,再压制成胃内滞留漂浮型缓释片(NM-FSRT)。均匀设计法优选处方,并考察处方因素对尼莫地平释放的影响,在人体内对NM-FSRT进行了初步评价。结果表明优选处方于体外漂浮达10h,0.15～6h释放符合零级动力学。HPMC量越大,药物释放越慢,PEG 6000量越大,释放越快。饮食后NM-FSRT于胃内滞留时间约5h,空腹时约3h;对照非漂浮片饭后服滞留时间为3h,空腹2h排空。体内相对生物利用度为391.46%,MRT较普通片延长一倍多。     

Characterization of ternary solid dispersions of itraconazole, PEG 6000, and HPMC 2910 E5

In order to reduce the crystallinity of PEG 6000, blends were prepared by spray drying and extrusion with the following polymers; PVP K25, PVPVA 64, and HPMC 2910 E5. The maximal reduction of crystallinity in PEG 6000 was obtained by co-spray drying with HPMC 2910 E5. In the next step the model drug Itraconazole was added to the blend and the resulting ternary solid dispersions were characterized. The results of this study show that the addition of PEG 6000 to the Itraconazole/HPMC 2910 E5 system leads to phase separation that in most cases gives rise to recrystallization of either PEG 6000 or Itraconazole. For all ternary dispersions containing 20% of Itraconazole the drug was highly amorphous and the dissolution was improved compared to the binary 20/80 w/w Itraconazole/HPMC 2910 E5 solid dispersion. For all ternary dispersions containing 40% of Itraconazole, the drug was partially crystalline and the dissolution was lower than the dissolution of the binary 40/60 w/w Itraconazole/HPMC 2910 E5 dispersion. These results show that provided Itraconazole is highly amorphous the addition of PEG 6000 to HPMC 2910 E5 leads to an increase in drug release.     

通心舒滴丸成型工艺研究

目的　通过试验选择通心舒滴丸最佳的成型工艺。方法　以滴丸的溶散时间、丸重差异变异系数及外观质量作为综合评定指标,对药物清膏与基质的比例、基质配比(PEG4 0 0 0与PEG6 0 0 0的比例)、滴速、药液温度以正交试验法实验,优选出滴丸最佳成型工艺。结果　以清膏∶基质 =1∶2 5,PEG4 0 0 0∶PFG6 0 0 0 =1∶1,滴速为 4 5滴·min-1,药液温度为 85℃进行滴制,为最佳成型工艺。结论　本试验筛选出滴丸的最佳成型工艺,滴丸外观性状好、溶散度较好,丸重差异小,符合滴丸剂的质量标准。     

A novel ketoconazole bioadhesive effervescent tablet for vaginal delivery: design, in vitro and 'in vivo' evaluation

Bioadhesive tablet formulations of ketoconazole for vaginal delivery were studied. Carbomer (Carbopol 974P, Carbopol 934P), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were used as candidate bioadhesive polymers. Effervescent was incorporated into the formulations as a disintegration agent. The swelling behavior and bioadhesive strength of the drug-free tablets were investigated. Carbopol 934P was selected as biopolymer in combination with HPMC or HPC at different ratios to develop five drug-loaded formulations. The swellings, tackiness and in vitro release were studied on the tablets. A good sustained effect and a moderate bioadhesion were obtained with the tablets. The formulation containing 100 mg of effervescent, with the Carbopol 934P:HPC ratio of 1:9, seemed to be the optimum one for the tablet. In vivo drug residence tests were carried out by administering the preferred formulation to female rats. The results showed that the drug remaining followed a one-order model. Even after 24 h of administration in vagina of rats, 17% of the original employed drug was retained on the vaginal tissue. Our study may provide a potential vaginal tablet formulation of ketoconazole against Candida albicans.     

The preparation and evaluation of sustained release suppositories containing ketoprofen and Eudragit RL 100 by using factorial design

The preparation of ketoprofen (KP) sustained release (SR) suppositories was designed according to the 3(2) x 2(1) factorial design as three different KP:Eudragit RL 100 ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2), three particle sizes of prepared granules (250-500, 500-710, and 710-1000 microm) and two different PEG 400:PEG 6000 ratios (40:60, 50:50). The conventional KP suppositories were also prepared by using Witepsol H 15, Massa Estarinum B, Cremao and the mixture of PEG 400:PEG 6000. The dissolution studies of suppositories prepared were carried out according to the USP XXIII basket method in the phosphate buffer (pH = 7.2) at 50 rpm, and it was shown that the dissolution time was sustained up to 8 hours. According to the results of the factorial design, the most important independent variable on t50 and t80 was drug:polymer ratios. The log of partition coefficient of KP was determined as 1.46, showing the high affinity to the oily phase. n exponent and kinetic studies were conducted to explain diffusion mechanism, and it is understood that if the inert KP:Eudragit RL 100 ratio is increased in the particles, the Fickian difusion dominates and the best kinetic turns to Higuchi from the Hixson-Crowell. There is neither crystalline form of KP nor degradation product in the suppositories detected with the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. In addition to these studies, antiinflammatory activity of SR suppositories also determined that it was significantly extended according to the conventional suppositories.