磁共振成像对直肠癌患者术后局部复发的临床诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像对直肠癌患者术后局部复发的临床诊断效果。方法选取2015年5月至2017年5月间沈阳医学院附属中心医院收治的90例直肠癌术后局部复发的患者,均接受直肠癌根治术+常规化疗。采用磁共振成像(MRI)与电子计算机断层扫描(CT)进行诊断,比较两种方法诊断直肠癌患者术后局部复发的准确性、特异性及灵敏性。结果 MRI诊断直肠癌患者术后复发的准确性、灵敏性和特异性分别为91.1%、86.7%和73.3%,CT诊断分别为75.6%、66.7%和60.0%,MRI较CT诊断结果均较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。直肠癌患者术后局部复发的MRI征象为:骶前分叶状肿块,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI及弥散加权(DWI)呈高信号,增强扫描不均匀或环形强化。CT征象为:骶前出现密度分布不均的团组织肿块,增强扫描可见中心坏死、边缘高低不平的环状强化,吻合口出处不规则增厚,腔隙变窄,伴有盆腔组织受累。结论 MRI诊断直肠癌患者术后局部复发相比CT,具有较高的准确性及灵敏性,为术后复发的治疗可提供合理依据。     

直肠癌根治术后复发转移特点及危险因素分析

目的 研究直肠癌根治术后复发转移特点及其相关危险因素,为术后随访监测、防治复发转移提供依据.方法 回顾性研究中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1999年1月至2004年12月内初次根治手术治疗的1039例直肠癌病例资料,分析术后复发转移的特点及危险因素.结果 随访期间发生复发344例,占33.2％;常见的复发形式依次是局部复发（13.6％）、肝转移（6.9％）、肺转移（6.0％）.单因素分析显示：围手术期输血、病理大体类型、肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置、脉管瘤栓、癌结节、分化程度、T分期、N分期、M分期是复发转移的相关因素（P＜0.05）.多因素分析显示：术前CEA、肿瘤位置、脉管瘤栓、瘤结节、T分期、N分期是复发转移的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）.结论 直肠癌术后存在好发复发转移部位和与复发转移相关的独立危险因素;术后辅助放化疗等多学科综合治疗是降低直肠癌术后复发转移、延长生存期的有效手段.     

磁共振波谱成像联合弥散加权成像检查对胶质瘤术前分级的诊断价值及对术后复发的预测价值

目的 分析磁共振波谱成像（MRS）联合弥散加权成像（DWI）检查对胶质瘤术前分级的诊断价值及对术后复发的预测价值。方法 选取121例胶质瘤患者,其中低级别54例,高级别67例。所有患者均行MRS、DWI检查,且术后6个月进行复查,根据复发情况分为复发组43例与非复发组78例。比较术前不同分级胶质瘤患者及不同复发情况胶质瘤患者的MRS、DWI参数;以病理结果为金标准,分析MRS、DWI单独及联合检查对术前分级的诊断效能及对术后复发的预测效能。结果 高级别组患者表观弥散系数（ADC）、相对表观弥散系数（rADC）、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸/胆碱（NAA/Cho）、NAA/肌酸（NAA/Cr）均明显低于低级别组,Cho/Cr明显高于低级别组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。MRS、DWI单独及联合检查诊断胶质瘤术前分级与病理结果的一致性Kappa值分别为0.533、0.507及0.752。MRS、DWI联合检查诊断胶质瘤术前分级的灵敏度（92.59%）、特异度（91.04%）、准确度（91.74%）均高于MRS、DWI单独检查。复发组患者ADC、rADC、NAA/Cho及NAA/Cr均明显低于...     

直肠癌新辅助治疗后复发及远处转移的研究进展

结直肠癌是中国常见的恶性肿瘤,位居恶性肿瘤死因的第3位。在2012年诊断的全球1361000例结直肠癌中,中国结直肠癌患者占18.6%。手术是直肠癌的主要治疗手段。多项大型Ⅲ期临床研究结果显示,新辅助放化疗(nCRT)较术后放化疗能有效降低患者的术后5年局部复发率,提高括约肌保存率。nCRT已被美国癌症联合委员会确定为Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌的标准治疗方法。虽然nCRT能降低患者的局部复发率,但在减少远处转移的发生和延长生存期方面并无获益。本文探讨nCRT后局部进展期直肠癌患者肿瘤复发及远处转移的模式,并探讨患者无生存获益的原因。     

直肠癌术后复发、转移死亡病例分析

 本文通过经随访证实直肠癌根治术后124例死亡病例死因分析，认为提高直肠癌术后生存率应注意以下几方面问题：1.局部切除需彻底；2.严格掌握保留肛门适应证：远端切除距癌下缘一般2～4cm；3.必要的系统性术前放疗及术后化疗、放疗，预防血循转移；4.术后严密随访，及早发现复发病例并予以及时治疗。     

高分辨率磁共振成像在直肠癌术前评估中的应用价值

高分辨率磁共振成像（HR-MRI）已成为多学科团队（MDT）评估直肠癌不可或缺的影像学检查。高分辨率MRI可以对肿瘤进行准确的术前T、N分期和定位,同时准确评估肿瘤相关不良预后因素,包括环周切缘、脉管浸润、腔外侵犯深度和肛管周围组织受累程度等。准确的术前评估直接关系到直肠癌患者的治疗方案制定及手术方式的选择,对提高患者的预后和生命质量有重要的指导意义。     

结直肠癌术后局部复发或转移的三维适形放疗

目的评价三维适形放疗对术后局部复发或转移的结直肠癌患者局部控制率和生存率的影响。方法23例术后局部复发或转移的结直肠癌患者采用三维适形放疗，5—7Gy／次，隔日1次，共6—8次，总剂量0140—45Gy。结果完全缓解率为35％(8／23)，部分缓解率为39％(9／23)，有效率为74％(17／23)。1、2、3年生存率分别为78％、52％、30％。结论三维适形放疗可提高术后局部复发或转移结直肠癌的控制率和生存率，改善其生存质量。     

MRI在直肠癌术后复发诊断中的价值

目的探讨直肠癌术后复发MRI的诊断价值。方法对48例直肠癌Mile’s术后可疑复发患者,采用常规SE序列行轴位T1WI、T2WI、DWI,矢状位T2WI及冠状位T2压脂盆腔平扫,其中25例行Gd-DTPA增强扫描。MRI检查诊断结果与再次手术、穿刺活检病理或临床随访结果进行比较。结果 32例经再次手术（切除、探查）或穿刺活检病理学检查证实为复发,MRI表现为骶前及会阴部软组织肿块,T1WI呈等、低信号,T2WI呈稍高混杂信号（抑脂序列显示好）,DWI呈高亮信号。复发肿瘤侵犯前列腺8例、精囊腺5例、膀胱7例、骶椎6例,腹股沟及盆腔淋巴结转移18例。另16例随访8个月～2年证实为术后纤维瘢痕,T1WI、T2WI及DWI均表现为低信号,且骶前脂肪间隙清晰。结论 MRI检查在鉴别直肠癌术后复发与纤维瘢痕、明确肿瘤侵犯范围方面,具有重要价值。     

直肠癌术后局部复发的治疗

目的：分析比较直肠癌术后局部复发不同治疗方法的疗效。方法：１９８６～１９９３年收治１０１例直肠癌术后局部复发的患者,４９例单纯放疗（１组）,２５例单纯手术切除（２组）,２７例手术切除加放疗（３组）。结果：３组局部复发率分别为１组７７．５％、２组６０．０％、３组２９．６％,以３组局部复发率最低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,局部复发加远处转移率分别为１组８５．７％、２组７６．０％、３组５９．２％,仍以３组为最低Ｐ     

直肠癌术后局部复发及诊治对策

局部复发是直肠癌手术失败的主要原因。传统手术方式由于可能会造成系膜中肿瘤细胞残留而成为局部复发的另一重要原因。改进手术方式、加强综合治疗是降低直肠癌术后局部复发率的有效措施。     

术前MR影像特征对肝细胞癌手术切除术后早期复发的预测价值

目的:探究肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)术前临床资料及MR影像特征对HCC手术切除术后早期复发(2年内复发)的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月间在天津医科大学肿瘤医院行手术切除术的244例HCC患者资料。对可能影响HCC手术切除术后早期复发的术前临床资料及MR影像特征行单因素、多因素分析。所有患者出院后均规律随访,终点事件为术后2年内肝内复发。结果:单因素分析筛选出肿瘤最大径、肿瘤包膜、瘤周肝实质强化、环形强化、TTPVI、瘤内坏死、卫星灶、动态增强模式、DWI/T2WI不匹配等MR影像特征及甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)、TNM分期、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷氨酸氨基转移酶(glutamatergic aminotransferase,AST)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-glutamyl transferase,γ-GT)等临床资料为肝癌患者切除术后早期复发的影响因素。将上述变量纳入多因素Co...     

Magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer recurrence

Purpose. To determine the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting breast cancer recurrence. Materials and methods. Forty women conservatively treated for breast cancer underwent MRI and confirmation on histology and cytology of suspected local recurrence. In these patients both clinical and mammographic/ultrasound features of local recurrence were nonspecific or suspicious. All patients were examined at least 1 year after completion of radiation treatment. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a 1.5 T unit using a dedicated bilateral breast coil. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. Statistical analysis was also performed with the Student T-test. Results. Breast cancer recurrence was confirmed on histology in 22 patients. MRI identified all the 22 breast recurrent cancers. False-positive contrast enhancement was seen in only two patients. In four patients recurrence was classified as multifocal. In one patient the tumor was detected in the contralateral breast. MRI showed 95% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 88.8% specificity with 5% false-positives and 100% negative predictive value. Conclusion. Dynamic MRI appears a valuable technique for differentiation of post-treatment changes from recurrent carcinoma and for guiding the histological confirmation. Its high negative predictive value may have an impact on follow-up of treated breast.     

磁共振成像在进展期直肠癌淋巴结转移以及新辅助治疗后淋巴结再分期中的应用

术前新辅助放化疗是局部进展期直肠癌(cT3-4或cN+)综合治疗的重要组成部分.治疗前准确评估淋巴结状态以及新辅助治疗后的淋巴结再分期对临床医师的诊疗决策以及患者的预后评估有着重要意义.高分辨磁共振成像(high resolution magnetic resonance imaging,HR-MRI)、弥散加权磁共振...     

核磁影像在直肠癌诊疗中的应用现状

直肠癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,新辅助放化疗配合TME手术是局部晚期直肠癌的标准治疗模式。核磁影像可以为直肠癌的诊疗提供解剖定位、临床分期与新辅助放化疗后的疗效评价等多方面信息,从而为综合治疗方案的精准制订提供支持帮助。文章旨在对核磁影像对直肠癌分期、疗效评价及预测的应用现状及发展趋势进行综述。     

磁共振扩散加权成像和动态增强成像对结直肠癌术后局部复发诊断价值Meta分析

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging magnetic resonance,MR-DWI)和磁共振动态增强成像(dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance,MR-DCE)对术后局部复发结直肠癌的诊断价值.方法 计算机检索1990-01-2014-03 PubMed、Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews、EM-base和中国知网(CNKI)检索平台中,MR对手术后局部复发结直肠癌诊断价值的研究文献.文献质量使用QUADAS系统进行严格评价,纳入文献中所提取的诊断数据用Meta-disc 1.40软件进行Meta分析,分别合并磁共振T2加权(T2 weighted magnetic resonance,MR-T2 WI)成像、MR-DWI成像和MR-DCE成像诊断术后局部复发结直肠癌的敏感性、特异性、阴性似然比、阳性似然比及诊断比值比,采用拟合受试者工作特征曲线(summary receiver operating characteristic curve,SROC)分析不同方式MR对术后局部复发结直肠癌的诊断价值.结果 从607篇相关文献中最终纳入9篇文献,共577例患者,合计648个病变.Meta分析结果显示,MR诊断术后局部复发结直肠癌的汇总敏感性和汇总特异性的95％CI分别为89％和86％,汇总阳性似然比(positive likelihood ratio,PLR)和汇总阴性似然比(negative likelihood ratio,NLR)的95％CI分别为5.92和0.15,诊断比值比(diagnostic odds ratio,DOR)为47.46,MR在SROC下的面积为0.933 8.Meta回归分析提示,MR成像方式是产生非阈值效应异质性的主要原因,亚组分析表明,DCE成像的汇总敏感性、汇总特异性、汇总PLR、汇总NLR和汇总DOR等参数均与常规T2 WI成像基本相当,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.DWI成像的汇总敏感性、汇总特异性、汇总PLR、汇总NLR和汇总DOR等参数均较T2 WI成像为优,P＜0.05.T2 WI成像、DCE成像及DWI成像在SROC下的面积分别为0.9178、0.8971和0.9742,DWI成像诊断直肠癌局部复发的SROC最靠近左上角,曲线下面积最大,总体准确度明显高于T2 WI成像.结论 MR可以准确地诊断术后局部复发结直肠癌,与常规T2 WI成像相比较,DWI成像提高了诊断结直肠癌局部复发的敏感性与特异性,有着更好的诊断效能,可以考虑作为直肠癌术后评价的常规序列.     

MRI弥散加权成像在头颈部肿瘤中的临床应用

CT和MRI目前虽广泛应用于头颈部肿瘤的诊断、分期、疗效评价和随访,但对诊断颈部小淋巴结转移、鉴别肿瘤复发和放射性反应等方面仍有不足.MRI弥散加权成像可提供更微观的解剖学信息,有助于鉴别病灶的良恶性,协助淋巴结分期,早期预测放化疗疗效,区分肿瘤复发和放射性反应,对头颈部肿瘤治疗策略的选择和优化作用越来越重要.本文将近10年来弥散加权成像在头颈部肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述.     

Role of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) versus conventional imaging for breast cancer presurgical staging in young women or with dense breast

Aims

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the local staging of breast cancer is currently uncertain. The purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative MRI compared to conventional imaging in detecting breast cancer and the effect of preoperative MRI on the surgical treatment in a subgroup of women with dense breasts, young age, invasive lobular cancer (ILC) or multiple lesions.

Methods

Between January 2006 and October 2007, 91 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer underwent preoperative clinical breast examination, mammography, bilateral breast ultrasonography and high-resolution breast MRI. All patients had histologically verified breast cancer. The imaging techniques were compared using the final pathological report as gold standard.

Results

The sensitivity of MRI for the main lesion was 98.9%, while for multiple lesions sensitivity was 90.7% and specificity 85.4%. After preoperative MRI, 13 patients (14.3%) underwent additional fine needle/core biopsies, 9 of whom had specimen positive for cancer. Preoperative MRI changed the surgical plan in 26 patients: in 19.8% of the cases breast conservative surgery was converted to mastectomy and in 7.7% of the patients a wider excision was performed. At a mean follow-up of 48 months, 2 local recurrences occurred (local failure rate = 2.5%).

Conclusions

Enhanced sensitivity of breast MRI may change the surgical approach, by increasing mastectomy rate or suggesting the need of wider local excision. MRI can play an important role in preoperative planning if used in selected patients with high risk of multifocal/multicentric lesions. However, the histologic confirmation of all suspicious findings detected by MRI is mandatory prior to definite surgery.     

Evaluation of the frequency and pattern of local recurrence following intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer

IntroductionAbdomino-perineal resection has been the standard treatment for rectal tumors located ⩽5 cm from the anal verge. Recently, intersphincteric resection became a valid option which preserves the bowel continuity with better functional outcome.AimIs to evaluate the oncological and functional outcome alongside the associated surgical morbidity in patients with T1-3 rectal cancer, who underwent intersphincteric resection (ISR).Patients & methodsBetween the years 2006 and 2011, 55 patients with invasive rectal adenocarcinoma, T1-3 lesions, located 2–5 cm from the anal verge underwent ISR with total mesorectal excision. When inevitable, complete. ISR was performed, otherwise partial ISR was done. All T3 patients underwent total meso-rectal excision (TME) while some had lateral lymph node dissection (LND) with concomitant pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP).ResultsAmong the 55 patients, 21 (38.1%) patients were T1-2 and 34 (61.9%) patients were T3. The tumor location range was 0–5 cm from the anal verge (median 2.3 cm). Partial or complete ISR was done for 35 (63.6%) and 20 (36.4%), respectively. Patients were followed for a median of 1.5 years (range 1–4.6 years). The 3 year local recurrence and distant metastasis free rates were 85.2% and 85.6%, respectively. All the 3 local recurrences occurred in T3 patients group, and had positive circumferential resection margins. Overall 3-year disease-free survival was 82.6%; while the overall 3-year survival was 88.7%.ConclusionIntersphincteric resection with TME does not affect the local recurrence or overall survival rate in early rectal cancer T1-2 & 3, with preservation of bowel continuity and better life quality.     

高分辨率磁共振在局部进展期直肠癌中的应用

高分辨率磁共振(HRMRI)已成为多学科团队评估局部进展期直肠癌不可或缺的影像学方法.HRMRI可以对肿瘤进行准确的术前分期,同时准确评估相关不良预后因素,如环周切缘、脉管浸润等.HRMRI可以选择合适的直肠癌患者行新辅助治疗,对仅需单纯手术的患者可以避免过度治疗,从而提高局部进展期直肠癌患者的预后及生命质量.