肢端黑色素瘤前哨淋巴结活检临床结果分析

目的 探讨肢端黑色素瘤前哨淋巴结活检的临床规律及临床意义.方法 对2012年3月至2019年8月北京积水潭医院骨肿瘤科收治的肢端黑色素瘤患者中符合前哨淋巴结活检指征的110例行前哨淋巴结活检,前哨淋巴结活检结果 阳性的患者再行淋巴结清扫术.术后常规行病理检查,统计非前哨淋巴结阳性结果.结果110例黑色素瘤患者中,发病于...     

肢端黑色素瘤前哨淋巴结活检临床结果分析

目的探讨肢端黑色素瘤前哨淋巴结活检的临床规律及临床意义。方法对2012年3月至2019年8月北京积水潭医院骨肿瘤科收治的肢端黑色素瘤患者中符合前哨淋巴结活检指征的110例行前哨淋巴结活检,前哨淋巴结活检结果阳性的患者再行淋巴结清扫术。术后常规行病理检查,统计非前哨淋巴结阳性结果。结果110例黑色素瘤患者中,发病于手部20例,其余90例发病于足部。所有病例均检出前哨淋巴结,检出率为100％。前哨淋巴结阳性24例,阳性率为22％。24例患者均行淋巴结清扫术,术后病理分析发现,非前哨淋巴结阳性患者9例,占38％。结论前哨淋巴结活检在肢端黑色素瘤的分期诊断、临床治疗中具有重要的临床意义。     

前哨淋巴结活检在皮肤型和肢端型黑色素瘤临床诊疗中的价值

背景与目的：前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）是评估皮肤型和肢端型黑色素瘤区域淋巴结转移情况及病理学分期的重要手段。SLNB作为外科诊疗规范的重要环节,已在各大诊疗指南中被推荐,也已在中国临床应用近10年。自2017年靶向和免疫治疗应用于中国黑色素瘤治疗领域,患者预后得到显著改善。本研究旨在分析复旦大学附属肿瘤医院近5年恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床资料,评估在新药治疗时代前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）状态在临床应用的价值和对预后的影响。方法：对2017—2021年在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院黑色素瘤诊治中心接受诊治的381例恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。每例患者均接受原发灶扩大切除和相应的SLNB,手术后随访至少6个月。SLN定位使用美兰染色或同位素示踪。结果：本研究共入组381例恶性黑色素瘤患者,平均Breslow浸润深度为3.10 mm,69.8%为肢端型,溃疡率为57.1%,SLN阳性率为34.6%,中位无复发生存率（relapse-free survival,RFS）为17个月。SLN状态是显著影响患者预后的独立危险因素。在N_1a和T₄亚组,SLN活检数>2枚的患者具有更好的RFS。接受完整的区域淋巴结清扫（complete lymph node dissection,CLND）和未清扫患者的RFS差异无统计学意义,在SLN活检数>2枚和SLN微转移直径<1 mm的亚组未清扫者反而具有更优的RFS。结论：SLN状态仍是影响临床无显性转移的黑色素瘤预后的重要因素,对于恶性黑色素瘤患者应常规开展SLNB,在保证微创的前提下,提高SLN定位的准确性,保证SLNB充分。SLN阳性后行即刻CLND对于皮肤型和肢端型黑色素瘤患者未能带来进一步的预后改善。     

前哨淋巴结活检在皮肤恶性黑色素瘤中的应用现状及进展

前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）是皮肤恶性黑色素瘤诊治过程中不可或缺的手段,在进行准确分期、预后判断以及治疗指导等方面都发挥着重要的作用。SLNB的操作方法已基本成熟,但在适应症的选择方面还存在一定的争议,仍无足够的证据表明前哨淋巴结活检联合区域淋巴结清扫（complete lymph node biopsy,CLND）能够延长转移患者的生存。此外,由于国内恶性黑色素瘤的发病率较低,SLNB尚未得到广泛开展,相关的操作方法也较为落后。近年来,随着恶性黑色素瘤发病率增高,其外科治疗也受到越来越多的关注。本文通过总结分析近年来的相关文献,对SLNB在皮肤恶性黑色素瘤中的应用现状和进展进行综述。      

改良肢端恶性黑色素瘤前哨淋巴结活组织检查术应用可行性分析

目的:探讨改良肢端恶性黑色素瘤前哨淋巴结活组织检查（SLNB）应用的可行性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年1月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院行手术治疗的60例肢端恶性黑色素瘤患者资料,根据前哨淋巴结（SLN）检测方法分为观察组（30例）及对照组（30例）。观察组使用超声造影联合亚甲蓝在腕关节或踝关节周围皮下注射法...     

黑色素瘤前哨淋巴结活检的意义

黑色素瘤可发生于皮肤和黏膜,是目前发病率增长较快、易早期淋巴结转移的恶性肿瘤。淋巴结状态的评估对于黑色素瘤的分期和治疗具有重要意义,前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）扮演着重要角色。目前,SLNB技术发展较快,但是SLNB阳性患者行淋巴结清扫（complete lymph node dissection,CLND）是否显著延长总生存期（overall survival,OS）仍然存在争议。全球多中心临床试验结果对前哨淋巴结阳性病例行CLND仍存争议,未得到黑色素瘤特异性生存率（melanoma specific survival,MSS）获益,但是可以确定SLNB能显著提高患者局部控制率,是现阶段循证医学证据下评估和分期的可靠方法。本文就黑色素瘤SLNB的研究进展和意义进行述评。      

99Tcm-IT-Rituximab示踪的前哨淋巴结活检在四肢皮肤恶性黑色素瘤中的应用

  目的  研究99Tcm-IT-Rituximab示踪的前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy, SLNB)的准确性及可行性; 探讨其在四肢皮肤恶性黑色素瘤(malignant melanoma, MM)诊治中的应用价值。  方法  2008年3月至2012年3月期间, 北京肿瘤医院骨与软组织肿瘤科收治的67例四肢皮肤MM患者接受99Tcm-IT-Rituximab示踪的SLNB。统计SLNB的检出率和阳性率, 分析SLB状态与T分期、溃疡、年龄、性别、部位等临床特征的关系, 分析其对总生存时间(overall survival, OS)和无病生存时间(disease free survival, DFS)的影响。  结果  67例患者均通过γ探测仪检测到SLN, 检出率为100%;SLN阳性15例, 阳性率为22.4%。χ2检验提示SLN转移与患者年龄、原发灶T分期及是否溃疡有关(P < 0.05)。63例患者获得随访, 随访时间24~69个月, 中位随访时间43个月; Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示, SLN阴性组的3年OS和DFS均优于SLN阳性组(OS:93.9% vs.57.1%, P < 0.01;DFS:79.6% vs.28.6%, P < 0.01);Cox多因素回归分析提示SLN状态和T分期是影响黑色素瘤DFS的独立因素。  结论  99Tcm-IT-Rituximab标记的SLNB能很好地反映恶性黑色素瘤的淋巴结转移状态, 对判断预后、准确分期和指导治疗有重要的意义; 其操作简单, 准确性良好, 是一种方便可行的SLNB手段。      

肢端恶性黑色素瘤前哨淋巴结活检35例报告

目的：探索99Tcm 标记的右旋糖苷结合γ射线探测仪在淋巴结显像中的用药规律和前哨淋巴结活检的准确性;探讨前哨淋巴结活检在恶性黑色素瘤早期转移诊治中的临床意义。方法2012年3月至2013年5月,我科收治35例肢端恶性黑色素瘤患者,其中手部8例、足部27例。所有病灶Breslow厚度均＞1 mm,且无临床及影像学淋巴结转移的证据。除外淋巴结已有转移的患者。术前4～6 h 在病灶周围注射1～2 mCi的99Tcm标记的右旋糖苷,注射后30 min、2、4 h行核素显像,获得前哨淋巴结的显像图。然后在麻醉下切取前哨淋巴结,术中用γ射线探测仪帮助定位和切取前哨淋巴结。术后淋巴结行3 mm一层的切片,行HE 染色和 HMB-45,S-100,Melan-A 免疫组化染色。前哨淋巴结活检结果阳性的行局部淋巴结清扫。结果核素注射后4 h前哨淋巴结显像稳定。27例足部黑色素瘤患者前哨淋巴结中有7例窝及腹股沟均显像,其余20例仅腹股沟淋巴结显像;8例手部黑色瘤患者中有2例滑车上及腋窝淋巴结均显像,其余6例仅腋窝淋巴结显像。35例均检出前哨淋巴结,前哨淋巴结检出率为100%。前哨淋巴结的个数为1～3个。5例患者的前哨淋巴结病理检查发现有转移,阳性率为14.3%。此5例均行淋巴结清扫术。结论用99Tcm标记的右旋糖苷作为显像剂、术中应用γ射线探测仪的前哨淋巴结活检技术在肢端黑色素瘤中是一种可靠的技术。     

前哨淋巴结活检对黑色素瘤预后的预测价值

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)对黑色素瘤预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2012年3月至2019年6月北京积水潭医院诊治的118例黑色素瘤患者的临床病理资料。患者术前行体格检查和影像学检查排除区域淋巴结转移,采用99Tcm-右旋糖酐行术前示踪显像,术中γ射线探测仪精准定位,切取前哨淋巴结(SLN)行病理活检;原发灶局部行扩大切除重建术;SLN病理阳性患者行区域淋巴结清扫。采用Cox回归模型分析患者的预后及其影响因素。结果118例患者的病史为2~360个月,平均病史为53.6个月。原发灶位于手足84例,甲下27例,皮肤7例。平均Breslow厚度为3.6 mm,合并溃疡72例(61.0%,72/118)。全组患者平均切取SLN 2.8枚,SLN阳性29例(24.6%,29/118),假阴性率为2.5%(3/118)。淋巴结显性转移和远处转移24例(20.3%,24/118),其中远处转移合并淋巴结转移7例(5.9%,7/118),单纯淋巴结显性转移8例(6.8%,8/118),远处脏器转移9例(7.6%,9/118)。全组患者病理分期为Ⅰ期33例,Ⅱ期56例,Ⅲ期29例,5年生存率为69.5%。Breslow厚度为SLN阳性的独立危险因素,Breslow厚度、SLN状态、SLN阳性数目和远处转移是影响患者总生存的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论对于临床及影像学检查无区域淋巴结转移的患者,SLNB能够提供准确的病理分期并预测患者的预后,临床应常规开展。     

前哨淋巴结活检在外阴恶性黑色素瘤治疗中的初步研究

目的:初步探讨前哨淋巴结(SLN)在外阴恶性黑色素瘤治疗中的临床应用可行性.方法:3例外阴恶性黑色素瘤患者接受根治性外阴切除术+双腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,术前在肿瘤周围皮下粘膜注射1%亚甲蓝溶液1.5ml.术中先行SLN活检术(SLNB),根据染料指示在腹股沟术野内对淋巴结组织进行精细解剖,分离出蓝染的淋巴结为SLN.SLN与清扫术中的非前哨淋巴结(NSLN)分别送检,通过HE染色常规病理检查时病理结果进行比较.结果:3例患者均有SLN检出,分别为1、5、3枚.清扫手术切除NSLN分别为19、32、16枚.3例中1例出现淋巴结转移,为1枚SLN转移;其余2例无淋巴结转移发生.没有假阴性情况出现,无与本研究相关的损伤及副反应发生.结论:SLNB应用于外阴恶性黑色素瘤具有可行性.     

Desmoplastic melanoma: A 12-year experience with sentinel lymph node biopsy

Aims

Given the paucity of data regarding nodal involvement in desmoplastic melanoma (DM), we decided to review the incidence of nodal metastasis in our patients with DM to better define guidelines regarding the performance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in this specific melanoma subtype.

Methods

Using a prospectively maintained database, we reviewed all patients who underwent treatment for melanoma at the Yale Melanoma Unit in a twelve-year period (1998–2010), during which 3531 cases were treated. We identified 24 patients (0.7%) diagnosed with DM. These patients' records were studied for clinical and histologic parameters and clinical outcomes.

Results

Twenty-two patients from the DM group had SLNB, of which four (18%) were diagnosed with micro-metastasis. These four patients were all treated with completion lymphadenectomy and none had additional positive nodes in the remainder of the nodes. Patients were followed after surgery for a median of 25 months (range 2–60 months). Two patients (9%) developed local recurrence, two (9%) in-transit recurrence, and six (27%) showed distant metastases (three patients were pure DM and three patients showed mixed morphology). Patients with mixed DM had a higher rate of nodal metastasis (25%) vs those with pure DM (14%).

Conclusions

Other authors have reported that patients diagnosed with pure DM were less likely to have a positive SLN (0–2%) than those patients with the mixed DM subtype (12–16%). Our findings of higher incidence rates of regional lymph node metastases in both the pure and mixed DM subtypes (14% and 25%) compel us to continue to still recommend that SLNB be considered in patients with both subcategories, pure and mixed DM.

Level of evidence

Level IV.     

Diagnostic biopsy of cutaneous melanoma,sentinel lymph node biopsy and indications for lymphadenectomy

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma appears to be increasing worldwide and this is attributed to solar radiation exposure. Early diagnosis is a challenging task. Any clinically suspected lesion must be assessed by complete diagnostic excision biopsy (margins 1-2 mm); however, there are other biopsy techniques that are less commonly used. Melanomas are characterized by Breslow thickness as thin (< 1 mm), intermediate (1-4 mm) and thick (> 4 mm). This thickness determines their biological behavior, therapy, prognosis and survival. If the biopsy is positive, a wide local excision (margins 1-2 cm) is finally performed. However, metastasis to regional lymph nodes is the most accurate prognostic determinant. Therefore, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for diagnosed melanoma plays a pivotal role in the management strategy. Complete lymph node clearance has undoubted advantages and is recommended in all cases of positive SLN biopsy. A PET-CT (positron emission tomography-computed tomography) scan is necessary for staging and follow-up after treatment. Novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies have shown improved outcomes in advanced cases.     

皮肤恶性黑素瘤的前哨淋巴结活检技术

目的:评估前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)应用于皮肤恶性黑素瘤诊断和治疗中的临床价值。方法:对18例临床评估无区域淋巴结转移的皮肤恶性黑素瘤患者,应用淋巴核素显像以及术中核素扫描等方法定位前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN);切除SLN后进行快速冰冻和常规石蜡切片病理检查,若SLN为阳性,则加行相应区域淋巴结清扫。结果:18例患者中共检出SLN34枚,其中阳性7枚(20.6%)。5例SLN阳性患者加行区域淋巴结清扫,包括3例腹股沟清扫、1例腋窝清扫和1例颈部清扫;除SLN以外,共清扫淋巴结84枚,其中阳性39枚(46.4%)。结论:SLNB有助于诊断皮肤恶性黑素瘤的淋巴转移,为实施区域淋巴清扫提供重要的临床依据。     

The clinical significance of sentinel lymph node micrometastasis in breast cancer

Introduction The advent of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and improvements in histopathological and molecular analysis have increased the rate at which micrometastases (MM) are identified. However, their significance has been the subject of much debate. In this article we review the literature concerning axillary lymph node (ALN) MM, with particular reference to SLNB. The controversies regarding histopathological assessment, clinical relevance and management implications are discussed. Methods Literature review facilitated by Medline and PubMed databases. Results Published studies have reported divergent results regarding the significance and implications of ALN MM in general and sentinel lymph node (SLN) MM in particular. Some studies demonstrate no associations, whilst others have found these to be indicators of poor prognosis, associated with non-SLN involvement, in addition to local and distant failure. Absolute consensus regarding the optimal analytical technique for SLNs has yet to be reached, particularly concerning immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques targeting cytokeratins and the utility of contemporary molecular analysis. Conclusion SLN MM are likely to represent an incremental detriment to prognosis and increased risk of non-SLN involvement, despite only modest up-staging within current classification systems. In the absence of level-1 guidance concerning the management of women with SLN MM, each case requires discussion with regard to other tumour and patient related factors in the context of the multidisciplinary team. Randomized studies are required to evaluate the prognostic significance and optimal management of each category of tumour burden within the SLN. The identification of MM remains highly dependent on the analytical technique employed and there exists potential for stage migration and impact on management decisions.     

The role of preoperative ultrasound scan in detecting lymph node metastasis before sentinel node biopsy in melanoma patients

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative ultrasound (US) scanning in identifying lymph node metastasis before sentinel node biopsy (SNB), we conducted a prospective study on 125 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (CM). METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 125 patients with >1 mm thick CM and candidate for SNB. Preoperatively, patients underwent US scanning of regional lymphatic basins and FNA of suspected lymph nodes (LN). All patients underwent lymphatic mapping and SNB. RESULTS: Combined with fine-needle aspirate (FNA) of suspect LN, US scan allowed the correct preoperative detection of 12 out of 31 histologically positive lymphatic basins, specificity and sensitivity being 100 and 39%, respectively. The false negative rate (61%) was mainly linked to tumor deposits less than 2 mm in diameter, which can be considered the current spatial resolution limit of this technique. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative US scan could reduce the number of SNB, thus avoiding the stress of this surgical procedure in approximately 10% of patients and reducing health care costs. As a non-invasive and relatively inexpensive technique, lymph node US scan can be part of the preoperative staging process of patients' candidate for SNB in order to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.